Specimen collection: An essential tool Rocha, L. A.; Aleixo, A.; Allen, G. ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
05/2014, Letnik:
344, Številka:
6186
Journal Article
Introduction:
Current acne treatment guidelines, as well as, treatment efficacy, safety, tolerability and patient preferences must all be considered in determining appropriate treatment regimes. ...Literature can assist physicians' evidence-based recommendations according to these factors.
Areas covered:
To determine the current and future direction of pharmacotherapy for treatment of acne, a PubMed search was conducted to identify all clinical trials involving the treatment of acne from 2009 to 2012. A total of 65 publications met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Literature was heavily focused on the efficacy and tolerability of topical combination therapies and supported their use compared with monotherapy. A few studies on topical antiandrogens and antioxidants showed an alternative approach to targeting acne. Studies on oral monotherapy provided some evidence for the use of pulsed azithromycin for acne in adolescents. Literature also supports the use of low-dose isotretinoin for moderate acne, which was comparable in efficacy to high-dose regimes and better tolerated.
Expert opinion:
Combination acne therapy, whether it be combination topical therapy or combination oral and topical therapy, is well supported by recent studies. Given the multifactorial pathogenesis of acne and the hurdles of adherence to treatment, we anticipate greater development of and reliance on combination acne products in the future.
The Sunrise Mission Barthol, P.; Gandorfer, A.; Solanki, S. K. ...
Solar physics,
01/2011, Letnik:
268, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The first science flight of the balloon-borne
Sunrise
telescope took place in June 2009 from ESRANGE (near Kiruna/Sweden) to Somerset Island in northern Canada. We describe the scientific aims and ...mission concept of the project and give an overview and a description of the various hardware components: the 1-m main telescope with its postfocus science instruments (the UV filter imager SuFI and the imaging vector magnetograph IMaX) and support instruments (image stabilizing and light distribution system ISLiD and correlating wavefront sensor CWS), the optomechanical support structure and the instrument mounting concept, the gondola structure and the power, pointing, and telemetry systems, and the general electronics architecture. We also explain the optimization of the structural and thermal design of the complete payload. The preparations for the science flight are described, including AIV and ground calibration of the instruments. The course of events during the science flight is outlined, up to the recovery activities. Finally, the in-flight performance of the instrumentation is discussed.
Yield and quality reductions caused by Fusarium head blight (FHB) have spurred spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders to identify and develop new sources of host plant resistance. Four wheat ...synthetic hexaploids (xAegilotriticum sp.) were developed, each having a quantitative trait locus (QTL), Qfhs.ndsu-3AS, providing FHB resistance from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides chromosome 3A. Synthetics were produced by hybridizing a 'Langdon'-T. dicoccoides-recombinant chromosome 3A substitution line (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) with two accessions of T. tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, DD). Synthetics were inoculated and evaluated for FHB resistance in two separate greenhouse seasons. One synthetic, 01NDSWG-5, exhibited FHB severity ratings of 36% and 32% in the separate seasons, compared with ratings of 9% and 30% for 'Alsen', a FHB-resistant spring cultivar, and ratings of 70% and 96% for 'McNeal', a susceptible spring cultivar, respectively. Synthetic x Alsen backcross-derived lines were produced to initiate combining different sources of FHB resistance.
Bear Seamount (39°55'N 67°30'W) is an extinct undersea volcano located inside the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone south of Georges Bank. The fauna associated with the seamount was little known until ...twenty trawl stations were made 2-7 December 2000, by the NOAA ship R/V Delaware II. The objective of the survey was to begin to document the biodiversity on and over the seamount, particularly of fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Representatives of most species were preserved as vouchers and for subsequent definitive identification. This report presents a description of the biodiversity. A total of at least 274 species were collected. Preliminary identifications indicate the capture of 115 fish species. Among these were a number of new fish records for the area or rare species, including Acromycter pertubator (Congridae), Diastobranchus capensis (Synaphobranchidae), Alepocephalus bairdii (Alepocephalidae), Mirognathus normani (Alepocephalidae), Bathygadus favosus (Bathygadidae), Nezumia longebarbata (Macrouridae), Gaidropsarus argentatus (Phycidae), Dibranchus tremendus (Ogcocephalidae) and Kali indica (Chiasmodontidae). Only two fish species of potential commercial importance were encountered: Coryphaenoides rupestris and Macrourus berglax. Cephalopods comprised 26 species from 15 families, including one new distributional record and several rarely-collected species. The crustacean fauna was diverse with at least 46 species. Totals for other invertebrate species are pending laboratory identification, but number at least 87 species from 10 Phyla. This includes a number of new distributional records and a new species of gorgonian.
COS-1 cells with heterologeous expression of the Kir4.1 (KCNJ10) channel subunit, possess functional Kir4.1 channels and become capable to generating cytosolic Ca super(2) super(+) transients, upon ...lowering of the extracellular K super(+) concentration to 2mM or below. These Ca super(2) super(+) transients are blocked by external Ba super(2) super(+) (100 mu M). Acute brain stem slices from wild-type mice (second post-natal week), which were loaded with the fluorescent Ca super(2) super(+) indicator Oregon Green BAPTA-1-AM, were exposed to 0.2mM K super(+). Under these conditions astrocytes, but not neurons, responded with cytosolic Ca super(2) super(+) elevations in wild-type mice. This astrocyte-specific response has previously been used to identify astroglial cells type R. Dallwig, H. Vitten, J.W. Deitmer, A novel barium-sensitive calcium influx into rat astrocytes at low external potassium. Cell Calcium 28 (2000) 247-259. In Kir4.1 knock-out (Kir4.1 super(-) super(/) super(-)) mice, the number of responding cells was dramatically reduced and the Ca super(2) super(+) transients in responding cells were significantly smaller than in wild-type mice. Our results indicate that Kir4.1 channels are the molecular substrate for the observed Ca super(2) super(+) influx in astrocytes under conditions of low external K super(+)-concentration.
The lack of the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) leads to early postnatal death due to failure of respiratory network activity. Here we demonstrate a segregated expression of GlyT1 on different ...astroglial cell populations of the ventral respiratory group. In TgN(hGFAP-EGFP) mice a combined immunohistochemical and electrophysiological approach was used to define the cellular expression of GlyT1 in the respiratory network. EGFP-labeled cells with outwardly rectifying current–voltage relationship did not express glycine transporter 1, while GlyT1 was abundantly expressed in mature protoplasmic astrocytes, which are electrophysiologically characterized by a large potassium conductance, a more negative membrane potential and the expression of glutamate transporters. Taken together, the vital capacity for the clearance of extracellular glycine is restricted to a subpopulation of astroglial cells.
A review of literature, museum specimens, and records from four recent National Marine Fisheries Service deepwater surveys allows us to present an annotated list of 591 species in 132 families that ...live below 200 meters in the area between the Scotian Shelf and the southern New England Shelf south to about 38½N. Three orders (Stomiiformes, Perciformes, and Myctophiformes) of the 24 in the area account for 41% of the species. New area records for 111 species are included; the majority (83%) represent extensions from the south, with only 17% from the north and east. Although the deep-sea ichthyofauna off eastern North America is quite well known, it is noted that 96 new species have been described since 1950 and 34 since 1975.
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