Monocolor and multicolor holographic reflectors have been designed and fabricated using DuPont holographic photopolymers. High brightness, saturated color and a choice of well‐defined center ...wavelengths have been demonstrated. When affixed to the back of reflective LCDs, they provide enhanced contrast and brightness. The environmental stability and optical performance of DuPont films have demonstrated that they exceed the specifications of all Motorola portable products. Commercial products will be introduced in early 1998.
This article presents the basic idea of VHMPID, an upgrade detector for the ALICE experiment at LHC, CERN. The main goal of this detector is to extend the particle identification capabilities of ...ALICE to give more insight into the evolution of the hot and dense matter created in Pb-Pb collisions. Starting from the physics motivations and working principles the challenges and current status of development is detailed.
The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to study cosmic rays with energies greater than 10^{19} eV. Two sites are envisaged for the observatory, one in each hemisphere, for complete sky coverage. ...The southern site of the Auger Observatory, now approaching completion in Mendoza, Argentina, features an array of 1600 water-Cherenkov surface detector stations covering 3000 km^2, together with 24 fluorescence telescopes to record the air shower cascades produced by these particles. The two complementary detector techniques together with the large collecting area form a powerful instrument for these studies. Although construction is not yet complete, the Auger Observatory has been taking data stably since January 2004 and the first physics results are being published. In this paper we describe the design features and technical characteristics of the surface detector stations of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
In early 2010, the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) science collaboration initiated a study to investigate the physics potential of the experiment with a broad set of different beam, near- ...and far-detector configurations. Nine initial topics were identified as scientific areas that motivate construction of a long-baseline neutrino experiment with a very large far detector. We summarize the scientific justification for each topic and the estimated performance for a set of far detector reference configurations. We report also on a study of optimized beam parameters and the physics capability of proposed Near Detector configurations. This document was presented to the collaboration in fall 2010 and updated with minor modifications in early 2011.
We describe the application of the analog equivalent of digital VHDL to optoelectronic devices and optical interconnect systems. Due to space constraints, this paper will focus on the application of ...analog behavioral modeling to laser diodes; however, the presentation will also describe the application of these tools to photodetectors and holograms. With these models, entire optical interconnect systems can be simulated.
The Pierre Auger Observatory is being used to study cosmic rays with energies
larger than 10 EeV. An essential quantity that must be deduced from data is the
lateral distribution function (LDF). ...Knowledge of the LDF is important for the
reconstruction of the shower core and the shower direction. Here we describe
how the LDF is measured using the large sample of events recorded with the
surface detector (SD) array and with a small sample observed with the
fluorescence detectors (FD). For hybrid events, in which SD and FD measurements
of the same shower are available, the core position is much better constrained
than for SD-only events, thus providing an important cross-check on the LDF
determined from SD measurements alone.
Some kinetic characteristics of immobilized native mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase dimers and immobilized protomers, prepared by direct immobilization under conditions yielding complete ...dissociation without substantial unfolding, were compared to those of native soluble enzyme. Enzyme was covalently immobilized to derivatized porous glass by using a technique which permitted subsequent release of bound enzyme with 0.2 M hydroxylamine at room temperature and pH 7. Kinetic properties of enzyme released from both immobilized dimers and protomers were the same as those for native soluble enzyme, indicating that the immobilization reaction per se did not affect the structure. Both immobilized native dimers and the immobilized protomers exhibited activity with a pH dependence similar to that of native soluble enzyme. The effects of diffusional inhibition were demonstrated for both forms of the immobilized enzyme, especially for the NADH---NAD+ reaction direction. Intrinsic Michaelis constants of both immobilized forms, obtained by extrapolation of apparent values, were similar to those of the soluble enzyme. Furthermore, the effects of inhibitors and effectors with the immobilized forms were the same as those with native soluble enzyme. For example, substrate inhibition was observed with oxalacetate, the inhibitor hydroxymalonate was competitive with ketomalonate and uncompetitive with L-malate, and inhibition was observed with citrate in the NADH---NAD+ direction. Thus, immobilization did not appear to suppress the conformational equilibria of either protomers or dimers. More significantly, the kinetic characteristics of the immobilized protomer were indistinguishable from those of the dimer. Hence, a reciprocating mechanism involving subunit interactions cannot be invoked to explain the allosteric behavior of this dimeric enzyme.
Based on a sample of approximately 500 000 hadronic Z{sup 0} decays accumulated between 1993 and 1998, the SLD experiment has set limits on 24 fully charged two-body and quasi-two-body exclusive ...charmless hadronic decays of B{sup +}, B{sup 0}, and B{sub s}{sup 0} mesons. The precise tracking capabilities of the SLD detector provided for the efficient reduction of combinatoric backgrounds, yielding the most precise available limits for ten of these modes. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
The trigger system of the Surface Detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger
Observatory is described, from the identification of candidate showers ($E>1$
EeV) at the level of a single station, among a huge ...background (mainly single
muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random
coincidences at a higher central trigger level (including the reconstruction
accuracy). Efficiency of a single station trigger is evaluated using real data
, and the high performance of event selection hierarchy will be demonstrated.
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