Changes in climatic conditions have ecological and economic consequences or impact for trees and forest stands. In this respect, it is crucial to understand the radial growth trends of trees, their ...ecological response across elevation gradients, and the possible impacts of climate change on the species. In this study, Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm, located in the Fırtına Creek Basin in the northern part of the Eastern Black Sea Mountains in northeastern Turkey, was investigated along different elevation gradients in the context of climate-growth response. In the study, six site chronologies along an elevation gradient from 900 m to 2050 m were developed. Dendroclimatological methods were applied to assess the elevation-dependent radial growth characteristics of trees. In total, 200 increment cores were collected from 98 living trees. The relationships between climate and tree ring growth along the elevation gradient showed a positive relationship between growth and temperature at upper elevations (1700–1900 m) and a positive relationship between growth and precipitation at middle elevations (1400–1600 m). In particular, January–April mean temperatures and May rainfall were positively correlated with tree-ring growth. At lower elevations (900–1100 m), the correlation coefficients between climate and growth are insignificant because, at these altitudes, the species have optimum ecological conditions. It was also found that mean temperatures between 0 °C and 2 °C in January–April and total precipitation between 60 and 100 mm in January–February positively affect tree growth. However, if these thresholds are exceeded, it is possible that growth may be adversely affected. This research underscores the complex interplay between climate variables and tree growth along elevation gradients, highlighting the need for adaptive management strategies in the face of changing climatic conditions.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the awareness of communication and interaction among the vast majority of people from all over the world. The increase in this awareness has ...also caused a change in the understanding of management and leadership. Since ancient philosophers, 'leadership' has been regarded as one of the most important, perhaps even the most important, factor affecting the success or failure of an organization. For this reason, understanding the executive leadership styles will have the potential to contribute to business life in general, as well as providing new intuitions to researchers interested in management science.
Leaders are people who can increase the organizational commitment of employees with their characteristics, management and direction skills and methods. In order for today's organizations to be successful and to continue their existence, the necessity of adopting contemporary leadership approaches as well as classical leadership approaches has emerged. In this direction, the aim of this study is to introduce the leadership styles by scanning the literature and to contribute to the specific areas of knowledge that are missing. This study presents leadership and its definitions, historical review of leadership, leadership theory, leadership styles and general theoretical framework.
Sağlık District Landslide (Ordu, Turkey) HATİPOĞLU, İlter Kutlu; UZUN, Ali; ZEYBEK, Halil İbrahim ...
Jeomorfolojik araştırmalar dergisi,
04/2021
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Landslides cause loss of life and property from time to time. In Turkey, the Black Sea Region is the region where landslides are seen most frequently. In this study, Sağlık Neighborhood Landslide ...that occurred on May 15th, 2019 in the Central Black Sea Region was examined. This study aims to investigate the formation of the landslide and to discuss measures that can be taken in order to minimize the damage. For this purpose, area was visited and measurements were performed, soil samples and photos were taken. The region which has a rough terrain, receives precipitation throughout the year. The site has volcanic bedrock and thick debris and ground cover on it. The liquefaction limit of the soil is between 45.7 and 47.8 and the plasticity limit is between 20.51 and 22. Also, turning forests into agricultural areas, opening roads crossing the slopes, additional weights created by houses, water leaking from the sewer network to the ground and vibrations created by passing vehicles are among main causes of landslides. Stress cracks that started to occur in the crown part of the landslide three years ago started to expand on the day of the incident. The authorities who realized this evacuated the houses being under threat. Despite this, 22 buildings were destroyed and 8 hectares of agricultural land were damaged. To prevent damages, it has been proposed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps, to build new settlements away from potential landslide areas and to move residences in high-risk areas to safe places.
Landslides cause loss of life and property from time to time. In Turkey, the Black Sea Region is the region where landslides are seen most frequently. In this study, Sağlık Neighborhood Landslide that occurred on May 15th, 2019 in the Central Black Sea Region was examined. This study aims to investigate the formation of the landslide and to discuss measures that can be taken in order to minimize the damage. For this purpose, area was visited and measurements were performed, soil samples and photos were taken. The region which has a rough terrain, receives precipitation throughout the year. The site has volcanic bedrock and thick debris and ground cover on it. The liquefaction limit of the soil is between 45.7 and 47.8 and the plasticity limit is between 20.51 and 22. Also, turning forests into agricultural areas, opening roads crossing the slopes, additional weights created by houses, water leaking from the sewer network to the ground and vibrations created by passing vehicles are among main causes of landslides. Stress cracks that started to occur in the crown part of the landslide three years ago started to expand on the day of the incident. The authorities who realized this evacuated the houses being under threat. Despite this, 22 buildings were destroyed and 8 hectares of agricultural land were damaged. To prevent damages, it has been proposed to prepare landslide susceptibility maps, to build new settlements away from potential landslide areas and to move residences in high-risk areas to safe places.
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a multisystem disorder, and short stature is its most striking manifestation. Optimal growth hormone (GH) treatment for NS is still controversial. In this study, using a ...nationwide registration system, we aimed to evaluate the growth characteristics and the clinical features of NS patients in Turkey and their growth response to GH treatment.
Children and adolescents with a diagnosis of NS were included inthe study. Laboratory assessment including standard GH stimulation test results were evaluated. Height increment of patients with or without GH treatment were analyzed after three years of therapy.
A total of 124 NS patients from different centers were entered in the web-based system. Short stature and typical face appearance were the most frequently encountered diagnostic features of our patients. Of the 84 patients who were followed long-term, 47 hadreceived recombinant human GH (rhGH). In this group of 47 patients, height standard deviation score (HSDS) increased from -3.62±1.14 to -2.85±0.96 after three years of therapy, indicating significant differences from the patients who did not receive GH treatment. PTPN11 gene was analyzed in 61 patients, and 64% of these patients were found to have a mutation. HSDS at admission was similar in patients with or without PTPN11 gene mutation.
A diagnosis of NS should be kept in mind in all patients with short stature showing systemic clinical findings. GH therapy is effective for improvement of short stature especially in the first two years of treatment. Further studies are needed for optimisation of GH therapy and evaluation of final height data in NS patients.
Purpose
Although head trauma is common in childhood, there is no enough prospective study investigating both acute phase and 12 months after injury. Therefore, a prospective clinical trial was ...planned to evaluate the pituitary function in childhood in the acute and chronic phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods
Forty-one children (27 boys and 14 girls, mean age 7 ± 4.3), who were admitted to neurosurgery intensive care unit due to head trauma, were included. Twenty-one (51.2 %) patients had mild, 10 (24.4 %) had moderate, and 10 (24.4 %) had severe TBI. Twenty-two of them were reevaluated 12 months after TBI. Basal pituitary hormone levels were measured during acute (first 24 h) and chronic phase of TBI. Additionally, in the chronic phase, GHRH–arginine test was used for the diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency.
Results
In the acute phase, 10 patients (24.4 %) had ACTH deficiency, and the overall 44.3 % of patients had at least one pituitary hormone dysfunction. All the pituitary hormone deficiencies during the acute phase were recovered after 12 months. Two patients (9.1 %) had new-onset GH deficiency in the chronic phase, and in one of them, ACTH deficiency was also present.
Conclusions
Present prospective data clearly demonstrated that most of the hormonal changes in the early acute phase were transient, suggesting an adaptive response, and these changes did not predict the hormone deficiencies after 1 year. In the chronic phase, although GH deficiency was present, the frequency of TBI-induced hypopituitarism was clearly lower than the adult patients.
Device-associated healthcare-acquired infections (DA-HAI) pose a threat to patient safety, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). We report the results of the International Infection Control ...Consortium (INICC) study conducted in Turkey from August 2003 through October 2012.
A DA-HAI surveillance study in 63 adult, paediatric ICUs and neonatal ICUs (NICUs) from 29 hospitals, in 19 cities using the methods and definitions of the U.S. NHSN and INICC methods.
We collected prospective data from 94,498 ICU patients for 647,316 bed days. Pooled DA-HAI rates for adult and paediatric ICUs were 11.1 central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) per 1000 central line (CL)-days, 21.4 ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) per 1000 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days and 7.5 catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) per 1000 urinary catheter-days. Pooled DA-HAI rates for NICUs were 30 CLABSIs per 1000 CL-days, and 15.8 VAPs per 1000 MV-days. Extra length of stay (LOS) in adult and paediatric ICUs was 19.4 for CLABSI, 8.7 for VAP and 10.1 for CAUTI. Extra LOS in NICUs was 13.1 for patients with CLABSI and 16.2 for patients with VAP. Extra crude mortality was 12% for CLABSI, 19.4% for VAP and 10.5% for CAUTI in ICUs, and 15.4% for CLABSI and 10.5% for VAP in NICUs. Pooled device use (DU) ratios for adult and paediatric ICUs were 0.54 for MV, 0.65 for CL and 0.88 for UC, and 0.12 for MV, and 0.09 for CL in NICUs. The CLABSI rate was 8.5 per 1,000 CL days in the Medical Surgical ICUs included in this study, which is higher than the INICC report rate of 4.9, and more than eight times higher than the NHSN rate of 0.9. Similarly, the VAP and CAUTI rates were higher compared with U.S. NHSN (22.3 vs. 1.1 for VAP; 7.9 vs. 1.2 for CAUTI) and with the INICC report (22.3 vs. 16.5 in VAP; 7.9 vs. 5.3 in CAUTI).
DA-HAI rates and DU ratios in our ICUs were higher than those reported in the INICC global report and in the US NHSN report.
Diabetic muscular infarct (DMI) is a rare condition, which begins with acute onset of extremity pain and swelling. Patients usually have long-standing disease and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus ...(DM). Thigh muscle group is the most commonly involved side, while lower leg involvement is rare. We represent herein a 22-year-old patient with type I DM who admitted to our outpatient clinic due to painful swelling of the left leg. In physical examination, anterior left leg was painful and firm on palpation; there was diffuse swelling extending to the knee and ankle with mild local fever and redness. T2-weighted MRI demonstrated hyperintensity in left leg muscles. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of DMI. She was treated with glucose regulation, analgesics, antiplatelet treatment and rest. At her 6 months, recurrence of DMI was observed. DMI should be considered in diabetic patients with extremity pain and swelling. Treatment plan should include the regulation of the blood glucose and evaluation of end-organ complications, analgesia, and bed rest.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexketoprofen trometamol, meloxicam, diclofenac sodium on any untreated alveolar bone when they are used as drugs for another indication.
Twenty ...eight male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups as dexketoprofen trometamol (Group I), meloxicam (Group II), diclofenac sodium (Group III) and control group. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were administered after a fibula fracture for 10 days. Untreated alveolar bone was histopathologically examined for spongious bone density, osteoclastic density and osteoblastic density.
Spongious bone density was lower in study groups (Group I, group II and group III) than the control group (p<0.05). In contrast, the increase in osteoclastic density was observed in other groups apart from the control group (p<0.05). Osteoblastic density was evaluated and it was determined that group II and group III had lower results than the control group (p<0.05) but group I was equal to the control group.
This study showed that systemically administrated NSAIDs have the potential to affect untreated alveolar bone. This should also be considered in long term use of NSAIDs.
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