We experienced two unusual cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which occurred in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I and a patient with neurofibromatosis type II. B-cell lymphoma is ...one of the most common phenotypic subgroups of malignant lymphoma. Neurofibromatosis I is characterized by café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas. Neurofibromatosis II typically consists of bilateral schwannomas of the acoustic nerve. Malignant lymphomas rarely coexist with neurofibromatosis I, and no coexistence with neurofibromatosis II has been reported. The patient with neurofibromatosis I was a 50-year-old Japanese woman, clinically manifesting von Recklinghausen's disease since infancy, who noticed an egg-sized tumor in her shoulder. The patient with neurofibromatosis II was a 39-year-old Japanese man who noticed multiple soft tissue tumors in his neck, buttock, and elbow. Biopsied materials from both cases were examined by multiparameter methods, including flow cytometry. Flow cytometry revealed large-scale cells to be tumor cells, and they were positive for CD19, CD20, and CD22. Both patients received chemotherapy, and the tumors disappeared. The patient with neurofibromatosis I was alive without recurrence at 4 years after treatment, while the patient with neurofibromatosis II died of recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of malignant lymphoma arising in a neurofibromatosis II patient. As for neurofibromatosis I, there were some reports about occurrence of malignant lymphoma. It is important to be aware of possibility of association of malignant tumors not only of the nervous system but also of unrelated to the nervous system when tumors appear in neurofibromatosis patients.
We compared three different kinds of lipid vesicles made of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and phospholipids for their evolutionary capabilities in a simulated hydrothermal ...environment. Encapsulation of the glycine monomers enhanced the oligomerization of peptides in all cases. Fatty acid vesicles remained stable at higher temperatures and efficiently utilized heat energy for this synthetic reaction. Phospholipid vesicles were destabilized by higher temperatures, and thus were found to be better suited to enhance synthetic reactions at lower temperatures.
Recently transition from Si-IGBT module to SiC-MOSFET modules in the railway application is ongoing. Although humidity issue is one of the main concerns, humidity robustness of high voltage SiC ...modules has not been well investigated. In this paper, acceleration factors of the HV-H 3 TRB test on 3.3 kV SiC-SBDs are investigated. This investigation is based on varied condition of temperature, relative humidity, and voltage. Also, the result is compared with that of HVIGBT.
Recent studies have examined cellular kinetics and genetic abnormalities in colorectal polyps with epithelial serrated proliferation (CP-ESP), including hyperplastic polyps, serrated adenomas, and ...tubulovillous adenomas. However, difficulty in histologically classifying these lesions and the lack of clear-cut diagnostic criteria have led to inconsistent findings. Some 60 cases of CP-ESP and 6 cases of CP-ESP with malignant transformation were studied. When nuclear size progressively decreased from the bottom and middle layers to the surface layer of the crypts, maturation gradient was considered positive. CP-ESP and CP-ESP adjacent to carcinoma were morphologically classified as being positive or negative for maturation gradient and inferior and lateral glandular branching. Cellular kinetics were evaluated using Ki-67 immunostaining, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-dependent preferential homoduplex formation assay was performed to detect the presence or absence of K-ras codon 12-point mutations. CP-ESPs were morphologically classified into five types. In CP-ESP of types 1 to 4, the proliferation zone was confined to the bottom layer of the crypts or extended from the bottom to middle layers. In contrast, the proliferation zone extended throughout the crypts in most type 5 lesions. K-ras codon 12 mutations were detected in only types 3 and 5 CP-ESP. The five histomorphologic types of CP-ESP have distinct patterns of cellular kinetics. Histomorphologically, type 3 CP-ESP is considered an atypical hyperplastic polyp, occasionally associated with an elongated proliferation zone or K-ras mutations. Preliminary evidence indicates some relation between K-ras mutations and structural atypia associated with lateral branching of the crypts.
The development of More Electric Aircraft (MEA) has accelerated in recent years. Power converter systems for MEA require higher reliability compared to conventional power converter systems as well as ...higher energy efficiency. It is necessary to carefully consider the reliability of Single Event Burnout (SEB) together with the converter design. This study describes Failure in Time (FIT) rate comparison among two different inverter configurations using 3.3-kV and 6.5-kV Full SiC power modules (FSPMs) under several operational conditions. It presents module and inverter configuration selection criteria with FIT rate consideration. In addition, this study describes the verification of high-frequency switching operation with various bus voltages for a 6.5-kV FSPM and power loss calculation for MEA application.
Primary malignant lymphoma of bone presents both diagnostic and therapeutic problems. No previous study has addressed the use of flow cytometry in the immunophenotypic evaluations of bone lymphomas. ...A 41-year-old Japanese female presented with a large lytic lesion in the right femur. Biopsies from the lesion were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, 3-color flow cytometry and Southern blotting. Microscopic examination showed a diffuse, noncleaved large cell lymphoma. The lymphoid cells were positive for mature B cell antigens and the phenotype was: CD5
-, CD 10
-, CD 19
+, 20
+, CD22
+, IgG
+, IgA
-, IgM
-, kappa
-, lambda', CD 1
-, CD2
-, CD3
-, CD4
-, CD7
-, CD8
-. Southern blot analysis revealed rearranged bands on both heavy- and lambda light-chain genes, in contrast to germline configuration on T cell antigen receptor (beta, gamma and delta) genes. Flow cytometry, in conjunction with morphologic and other molecular techniques, can provide a rapid and accurate means of diagnosing primary lymphoma of bone. In addition, the capabilities of flow cytometry to assess cell properties/constituents can be utilized in detailed analysis of adhesion molecules and activation antigen which may lead to better prediction of the prognosis of this group of lymphomas, and may provide further important data for the therapeutic decision making process.
We report a case of a 19-year-old male with an extradural granulocytic sarcoma at T5/6 to T7 demonstrated by MRI. He recovered from paraplegia that had progressed rapidly after excision of the tumor ...as an emergency operation. Histopathological studies disclosed granulocytic sarcoma. Both peripheral blood and bone marrow examinations revealed acute myelogenous leukemia. The karyotype of the bone marrow showed 45, X, -Y, t (8;21) (q22;q22).
A 45-year-old man was seen at the hospital because of a retroperitoneal tumor detected by abdominal ultrasonography at a clinical survey. On blood biochemical tests, elevated blood levels of ...noradrenalin and dopamine were noted. Abdominal CT scan revealed a tumor about 4 cm in diameter located on the left side of the aorta which appeared to be adjacent to the inferior margin of the pancreas, suggesting a tumor arisen from the pancreas. However, enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated the border with the pancreas, and a possibility of a pancreatic tumor was ruled out. Angiography showed accumulation of contrast material in the 12th intercostal and the first lumber arteries. From these findings we thought that neurogenic tumor was most likely and performed surgery. During surgery, prominent elevation in blood pressure occurred. So we suspended the operation, dealt with hypertension with a depressor, and successfully removed the tumor. The removed tumor was 3.8 cm in diameter and spherical in shape and had a fibrous capsule, of which section was cystic with a solid part. Histopathologically tumor cells proliferated in honeycomb pattern, and characteristic sustentacular cells which were chromoglanine A and S-100 positive were identified. Accordingly paraganglioma was diagnosed. As for differential diagnosis between benign or malignant lesion, the tumor was dignosed as benign because Ki-67-positive cells were less than 10%. This case of retroperitoneal paraganglioma which is a relatively rare entity is presented, together with some bibliographical comments.
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