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Worldwide, arsenic contamination has become a matter of extreme importance owing to its potential toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic impact on human health and the environment. The ...magnetite-loaded biochar has received increasing attention for the removal of arsenic (As) in contaminated water and soil. The present study reports a facile synthesis, characterization and adsorption characteristics of a novel magnetite impregnated nitrogen-doped hybrid biochar (N/Fe3O4@BC) for efficient arsenate, As(V) and arsenite, As(III) removal from aqueous environment. The as-synthesized material (N/Fe3O4@BC) characterization via XRD, BET, FTIR, SEM/EDS clearly revealed magnetite (Fe3O4) impregnation onto biochar matrix. Furthermore, the adsorbent (N/Fe3O4@BC) selectivity results showed that such a combination plays an important role in targeted molecule removal from aqueous environments and compensates for the reduced surface area. The maximum monolayer adsorption (Qmax) of developed adsorbent (N/Fe3O4@BC) (18.15 mg/g and 9.87 mg/g) was significantly higher than that of pristine biochar (BC) (9.89 & 8.12 mg/g) and magnetite nano-particles (MNPs) 7.38 & 8.56 mg/g for both As(III) and As(V), respectively. Isotherm and kinetic data were well fitted by Langmuir (R2 = 0.993) and Pseudo first order model (R2 = 0.992) thereby indicating physico-chemical sorption as a rate-limiting step. The co-anions (PO43-) effect was more significant for both As(III) and As (V) removal owing to similar outer electronic structure. Mechanistic insights (pH and FTIR spectra) further demonstrated the remarkable contribution of surface groups (OH–, –NH2 and –COOH), electrostatic attraction (via H- bonds), surface complexation and ion exchange followed by external mass transfer diffusion and As(III) oxidation into As(V) by (N/Fe3O4@BC) reactive oxygen species. Moreover, successful desorption was achieved at varying rates up to 7th regeneration cycle thereby showing (N/Fe3O4@BC) potential practical application. Thus, this work provides a novel insight for the fabrication of novel magnetic biochar for As removal from contaminated water in natural, engineering and environmental settings.
ABSTRACT Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel has been suggested for wound repair. However, there is insufficient evidence to support its usage in animals with cutaneous wounds. Therefore, this ...study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRP gel on cutaneous wound healing in rescued horses. Twelve horses were divided into two groups: group A (PRP-treated) and group B (control). The group A (n=6) animals were treated with autologous PRP gel, while the group B (n=6) animals were treated with sterile saline. Full-thickness (3 x 3 cm2) skin wounds were selected in each horse on either left or right region of back. Neovascularization was assessed on days 14 and 28 by color Doppler ultrasonography and cytokeratin staining. Wound re-epithelialization and the number of fibroblasts were assessed by cytokeratin staining. All data were statistically analyzed. We observed that PRP-wounds had highly significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of neovascularization on days 14 and 28 than control wounds. PRP-wounds had highly significant (P<0.01) increases in re-epithelialization levels and fibroblast numbers at days 14 and 28 than control wounds. In conclusion, PRP-treated wounds accelerated cutaneous wound healing by fostering re-epithelialization and neovascularization in rescued horses than control wounds. Therefore, this study suggests the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel to treat cutaneous wounds in rescued horses, which is a safe and effective method. The color Doppler ultrasonography can be used to assess neovascularization during wound healing.
ABSTRACT This study was aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress status (malondialdehyde, MDA; catalase, CAT), metabolic status (beta hydroxybutyric acid, BHBA; nonesterified fatty acid NEFA) and ...hematological changes (hemoglobin, total leucocytes, red blood cells, neutrophils, platelets, lymphocytes) in serum of dairy cows before and after the surgical correction of left displacement abomasum. Twenty-six cows were divided into two groups as control (Group-A) and treatment (Group-B), each of 13 cows. Left displacement abomasum was confirmed by clinical assessment and ultrasonography, and then was surgically treated through Dirksen technique. Blood samples of both groups were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Levels of various oxidative, metabolic and hematological parameters were measured by authenticated standard methods. We observed that serum levels of MDA and BHBA were higher at day 0 to day 14 (P<0.01), while the level of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) was higher at day 0 to day 7 (P<0.01) which dropped down to normal at day 21 (P>0.05) post-surgery in Group-B than Group-A. Moreover, CAT level in serum decreased (P<0.01) at day 0 to day 7, then it gradually increased to normal on day 14 to day 21 (P>0.05) post-surgery in Group B compared to Group A. In addition, levels of hemoglobin, total leucocytes, neutrophils were higher at day 0 to day 7 (P<0.01), while red blood cells and lymphocytes were lower at day 0 to day 14 (P<0.01) which became normal at day 28 (P>0.05) in Group-B than Group-A. The level of platelets was higher at day 0 (P<0.01), then gradually decreased to normal at day 28 in Group-B than Group-A. In conclusion, left displacement abomasum is associated with metabolic, oxidative and hematological disturbances which can be rectified through surgical correction. However, it is recommended to provide antioxidant therapy in adjunct with surgical correction for early recovery.
Chytridiomycosis, a leading cause for the global decline in the number of amphibians, is caused by the fungal pathogen
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
. In this study, global distribution data of
B. ...dendrobatidis
were collected from January 2009 to May 2019. Space–time scan statistics and the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model were used to analyze the epidemic trends and aggregation of the pathogen, and predict
B. dendrobatidis
distribution through its relationships with climate factors, wind speed, and solar radiation. The results of space–time scan statistics show seven clusters of data for the distribution of
B. dendrobatidis
. The time was mainly concentrated in 2009, 2013, 2015, and 2016, and the regions were primarily concentrated in southeastern Canada, southwestern France, Nigeria, Cameroon, eastern Brazil, southeastern Brazil, central Madagascar, and central and eastern Australia. MaxEnt showed that annual precipitation had the largest contribution percentage in the model, and annual mean temperature highly influenced the distribution of
B. dendrobatidis
. The global high-risk areas of
B. dendrobatidis
distribution were mainly observed in western Canada, southern Brazil, Chile, the United Kingdom, Japan, the Republic of Korea, eastern South Africa, eastern Madagascar, southeastern Australia, and southern China.
This study was aimed at determining the autophagy activity in the laminar tissue of dairy cows with oligofructose-induced laminitis. Twelve healthy non-pregnant Holstein cows were randomly divided ...into two groups of six cows each, entitled the control group and the oligofructose overload group (OF group), respectively. At 0 h, cows in the OF group were gavaged with oligofructose (17 g/kg BW) dissolved in warm deionized water (20 mL/kg BW) through an oral rumen tube, and the dairy cows in the control group were gavaged with the same volume of deionized water by the same method. At -72 h before, as well as 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, and 72 h after perfusion, clinical evaluations of both groups were monitored. After 72 h, the laminar tissues of the dairy cows in both groups were collected to examine the genes and proteins. The gene expression of ATG5, ATG12, and Beclin1 significantly increased (
< 0.05), whereas that of P62 and mTOR significantly decreased (
< 0.01) in the OF group relative to the control group. The protein expression of Beclin-1 significantly increased (
< 0.05), while that of LC3II significantly decreased (
< 0.05) in the OF group relative to the control group. However, the protein expression of P62 non-significantly reduced (
> 0.05) in the OF group comparative to the control group. Furthermore, the distribution of the Beclin1 protein in the laminar tissue significantly increased (
< 0.01), while that of the P62 protein significantly decreased (
< 0.05) in the OF group than the control group. These findings indicate that the imbalanced gene and protein-level status of autophagy-related markers may be the basic cause for the failure of the epidermal attachment. However, a more detailed gene and protein-level study is needed to further clarify the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of bovine laminitis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hoof disease is one of the three major diseases that often occur in dairy cows. The impact of this disease on dairy farming is second only to mastitis. Laminitis is a diffuse, aseptic, serous, ...non-purulent inflammation of the dermal papillae and vascular layers of the cow's hoof wall. In the pasture, laminitis occurs mostly in the laminae, that is, inside the hoof shell. No lesions can be seen on the surface. Therefore, laminitis cannot attract the attention of veterinarians. However, laminitis has become a major factor that seriously affects the health and welfare of dairy cows, making it an important cause of hindering the performance of dairy cows.
The study was conducted at a dairy farm in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China. We selected a sample of the laminitis cows based on the veterinary diagnosis, took blood from the jugular vein and then separated the plasma, and measured the index with the Elisa kit. In this study, the markers of inflammatory and vasoactive substances status in dairy cows consisted of subclinical laminitis (SCL, n = 20), chronic laminitis (CL, n = 20) and healthy dairy cows (CON, n = 20) under the local management conditions were investigated.
Compared with healthy cattle, HIS, IL-6, LPS, and TNF-α in subclinical laminitis group significantly increased (P < 0.05), especially HIS, LPS, TNF-α (P < 0.01); in chronic laminitis cows, COX-2, HIS, IL-6, LPS, and TNF-α increased significantly (P < 0.05), especially COX-2, HIS, TNF-α (P < 0.01). iNOS (P < 0.05), TXB2 (P < 0.01) in chronic laminitis cows had significantly increased.
This study reported for the first time that pasture laminitis was divided into subclinical laminitis and clinical chronic laminitis. Through research on the inflammatory factors and vasoactive substances of dairy cows, it is found that there is a close relationship between them, which affects the metabolic cycle of dairy cows. These indicators are abnormally expressed and cause hoof microcirculation disorders.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study explored the effects of drinking Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on skin wound healing in dogs. Eight circular wounds were analyzed in each dog. The experimental group was treated with HRW ...thrice daily, while the control group was provided with distilled water (DW). The wound tissues of dogs were examined histopathologically. The fibroblasts, inflammatory cell infiltration, the average number of new blood vessels, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the skin homogenate of the wound was measured using the corresponding kits. The expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, NQO-1, VEGF, and PDGF were measured using the real-time fluorescence quantitative method. We observed that HRW wounds showed an increased rate of wound healing, and a faster average healing time compared with DW. Histopathology showed that in the HRW group, the average thickness of the epidermis was significantly lower than the DW group. The average number of blood vessels in the HRW group was higher than the DW group. The MDA levels were higher in the DW group than in the HRW group, but the SOD levels were higher in the HRW group than in the DW group. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of each gene was significantly different between the two groups. HRW treatment promoted skin wound healing in dogs, accelerated wound epithelization, reduced inflammatory reaction, stimulated the expression of cytokines related to wound healing, and shortened wound healing time.
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are two important mosquito species which transmit various infectious arbovirus diseases represented mainly by dengue fever. These two species of mosquito have a ...wide range of distribution and strong transfer capacity. With ongoing global climate change, we are facing an increasing public health threat from the rapid spread of vectors in wider geographical areas. Based on observed occurrence records of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and high-resolution environmental layers reflecting climate and land-use conditions, a Maxent niche modeling approach was adopted to model the current and future distribution of both species in Mainland China. Our models provide predictions of suitable habitat shifts under future climate scenarios up to the 2050s. Both species were predicted to expand their niche range to varying degrees under future climate scenarios. Aedes aegypti was modeled to expand its habitat from Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan to Fujian, Jiangxi and Guizhou. Aedes albopictus was modeled to increase magnitude of distribution within its present range of northern, southwestern and southeastern coastal areas of Mainland China. Area and population exposed to mosquitoes are predicted to increase significantly. Environmental variables that have significant impact on the distribution of mosquitoes are also revealed by our model. The results of our study can be referenced in further ecological studies and will guide the development of strategies for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases.
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•Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are vectors of various arbovirus diseases, represented mainly by dengue fever.•Future climate changes may drive the habitat shift of mosquitoes.•Ecological niche modeling method was used to model the current and future distribution of mosquitoes.•Both species were predicted to expand their habitat under future climate assumptions.•Temperature, precipitation and cropland show significant impact on the survival of mosquitoes.
Abstract Patients with central neuronal damage may suffer severe consequences, but effective therapies remain unclear. Previous research has established the transplantation of neural stem cells that ...generate new neurons to replace damaged ones. In a new field of scientific research, the extracellular secretion of NPSCs (NSPCs-ES) has been identified as an alternative to current chemical drugs. Many preclinical studies have shown that NSPCs-ES are effective in models of various central nervous system diseases (CNS) injuries, from maintaining functional structures at the cellular level to providing anti-inflammatory functions at the molecular level, as well as improving memory and motor functions, reducing apoptosis in neurons, and mediating multiple signaling pathways. The NSPC-ES can travel to the damaged tissue and exert a broad range of therapeutic effects by supporting and nourishing damaged neurons. However, gene editing and cell engineering techniques have recently improved therapeutic efficacy by modifying NSPCs-ES. Consequently, future research and application of NSPCs-ES may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of CNS diseases in the future. In this review, we summarize the current progress on these aspects.
Alimentary oligofructose (OF) overload can induce several diseases in cattle, such as ruminal acidosis, laminitis, and synovitis. The role of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) remains unclear ...during OF overload. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression profile of genes in blood PMN in a model of OF overload. Twelve clinically healthy and non-pregnant Chinese Holstein heifers, aged between 18 and 26 mo, weighing 335-403 kg, BCS (5-point scale) ranges 2.7-3.3 were used for the experiments. OF heifers (
= 6) received 17 g/kg of BW oligofructose dissolved in 2 L/100 kg of BW tap water and the CON heifers (
= 6) received 2 L/100 kg of BW tap water. Blood PMN was isolated for each heifer 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after administration. PMN was analyzed either by endogenous and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced ROS production or by quantitative real-time PCR. After 12 h, PMA-induced ROS production decreased, which was sustained until 48 h. The expressions of inflammation markers (IL1α, IL1β, IL6, IL10, TNFα, STAT3, TLR4, MMP9, and HP) and eicosanoids (ALOX5, ALOX5AP, and PLA2G4A) were upregulated. The expression of adhesion and migration (CXCR2, CXCL8, CD62L, ITGA4, ITGAM, and ITGB2) in OF heifers was increased compared with CON heifers. The expression of oxidative stress (SOD2 and S100A8) was upregulated, while SOD1 and MPO were downregulated. In metabolism and receptor genes, the expressions of GRα and INSR decreased after 12 h, while Fas increased until 6 h and then decreased at 18 h. The expression of LDHA and PANX1 did not show any differences after OF overload. These findings indicate that OF overload induced systemic activation of PMN, which provides a step toward a better understanding of the role of innate immune responses in response to oral OF administration.
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