The authors tried to establish an approach to use acids to convert biomass into a fuel with higher carbon content and lower oxygen content in a zero-energy-consumption fashion. Considering that ...biomass is composed of monosaccharide, we used aqueous solutions of variation acids including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid to treat 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose at ambient temperature and pressure. Black substances were produced after a period of time when 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose were mixed with aqueous solutions containing 8 mol · L(-1) acids. The black substance was collected and characterized by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Elemental analysis results indicate that the contents of carbon increases significantly in the black substances in comparison with 2-deoxy-ribose and fructose. Moreover, XPS results indicate that the content of oxygen in the black substance undergoes a significant decrease compared w
Double-circuit lines on the same pole, as a result of its good efficiency, obtains the widespread promotion on the 220 kV transmission line. Because of the special structure of double-circuit lines, ...the situation of fault is complex. The existing relay protection function is not suitable for the development. By analyzing the project in Luoyang Mu-Ma double-circuit lines on the same pole, a new double-circuit lines protection device with many features and advantages is researched, which has phase selecting based on fault component direction, distance protection based on six foreword impedance, adaptive auto throw-in and gradational throw-in strategy, and six-sequence transverse differential protection. The proposed device can achieve five phases and quasi- three- phase running.
This paper points out the existence of a series of problems about double-circuit lines on the same pole with the distance relay, such as measure resistance is influenced by adjacent line zero ...sequence compensation current on single-circuit line ground faults. A new distance relay protection scheme-six phase sequence distance relay scheme is introduced in this paper. Some question of the scheme applied in double-circuit lines on the same pole is pointed, at the same time, a new modified six phase sequence distance relay scheme is introduced. The modified six phase sequence distance relay protection introduces adjacent line zero sequence current only on ground faults single-circuit line. It can reflect the cross-country fault and single-circuit lines faults. The scheme can be used as back up protection as the differential protection in high voltage double-circuit lines on the same pole.
To explore the efficacy of Jinghuaweikang capsules plus triple therapy (LACJ) in treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) associated gastritis or duodenal ulcer, compare it with ...bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (LACB) and standard triple therapy (LAC) and analyze the antibiotic sensitivity of gastric mucosal H. pylori strains from the failed patients.
A total of 565 patients with H. pylori infection were recruited from 11 hospitals from January 2010 to June 2011. There were 336 males and 229 females. They underwent gastroendoscopy examination due to upper gastrointestinal symptoms and had never received H. pylori eradication therapies. Duodenal ulcer patients were divided randomly into LACJ therapy group, LACB therapy group and LAC therapy group while gastritis patients LACJ therapy group and LACB therapy group. Group LAC received lansoprazole 30 mg + amoxicillin 1000 mg + clarithromycin 500 mg, twice a day, for 7 d (d1-7). Group LACJ: LAC therapy plus Jinghuaweikang, 3 capsules, twice a day, for 7 d
Gels are gaining extensive interest owing to their versatile applications in fields such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, cosmetics, templated materials and food industry. Surfactants have an ...ability to self-assemble into a variety of supramolecular aggregate structures and morphologies. Of particular interest in resent years are surfactant-based gels, one special class of materials due to surfactant assemblies resulting in viscoelastic solid-like rheological behaviors. Up to now, there is only limited understanding on the mechanism of gel formation, especially on the interaction among water, organic solvents and surfactant during thegel formation. In this study we prepare a Low-molecule-gel that is composed of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), water and carbon tetrachloride. Based on the experimental result of XRD and titration, the authors find that CTAB in gel are more than in saturated CTAB solution but CTAB is not solide in gel. CTAB is not solvented in CCl4. The solubility of CTAB in saturat
To investigate the characteristics of APC gene germline mutation in Chinese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood drawn from ...probands of 14 Chinese FAP families from Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Fujian. The APC gene was amplified by PCR and underwent direct sequencing. Large fragment deletion was detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) only in micromutation-negative samples found by sequencing.
APC gene micromutations were found in 9 probands and the micromutation detection rate was 64.3%, including 6 frameshift mutations, 2 splicing mutations and 1 nonsense mutation. Large fragment deletions of APC gene were detected in 2 probands (14.3%). The total mutation detection rate of micromutation and large fragment deletion was 78.6%. Four novel micromutations and 2 novel large fragment deletions were found, including c.2336-2337insT, c.3923-3929delAAGAAAA, c.532-2A > T, c.4179-4180GAdeli
To study the clinical effect of Dengzhanhua injection and Xiongqin injection combined with Xuesaitong to treat the elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction.
From March 2012 to March 2013,140 ...patients with acute cerebral infarction elderly patients were treated, as research subjects were randomly divided into two groups, the observation group and the control group,70 cases in each group. The control group were treated using Xuesaitong;The observation group using Dengzhanhua injection and Xiongqin injection combined with Xuesaitong. The changes of cerebral blood flow,plasma viscosity and platelet adhesion rate were com- pared before and after the treatment; Nerve function and living abilities of the two groups were recorded and compared; Cure rate of the two groups were compared.
The cerebral blood flow,plasma viscosity and platelet adhesion rate had improved to some extent af- ter treatment both of the two groups, the degree of improvement in the observation group was significantly better than the contr
To study the clinical features, immunophenotypes and the significance of Epstein-Barr virus infection in primary nasal and pharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Shenyang.
One hundred and fifty eight ...cases of primary nasal and pharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were included in this study. The samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies, including CD3 for T-lymphocytes, CD20 for B-lymphocytes, and CD56 and CD57 for NK cells. All cases were reclassified according to the new WHO classification of lymphomas (2001). In situ hybridization detection of EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER-1) was performed in 99 cases.
Overall, 101 (63.9%) of the 158 NHL were extranodal NK/T cell lymphomas (nasal type), 23 (14.6%) were nonspecific peripheral T cell lymphomas and the remaining 34 cases (21.5%) were B cell lymphomas. The primary sites of involvement were the nasal cavity (53.2%, 84/158), the tonsil (24.7%, 39/158)
Aluminum (Al) plasma was induced with a pulsed Nd: YAG laser beam ablating Al target in Ar. Time-resolved information of the plasma radiation was taken with time-resolved technique, and the spectra ...of the radiation were recorded with an optical multi-path analyzer (OMA III ), whereupon, time-resolved spectra of the plasma radiation induced by pulsed laser were acquired. Based on the experiment data, Al resonant double lines, Al I 396.15 nm, Al I 394.40 nm, were respectively fitted with Lorentz, Gauss and their linear integrated function (abbr. Integrated function), whereupon, Lorentz and Gauss elements were separated from the experiment data profile curve. By contrasting Lorentz with Gauss curve separated, it was found that the experiment curve mainly consisted of Lorentz element, a with little Gauss. By contrasting Lorentz with Integrated fitting curve for experiment data, a visual picture of the characteristic lines broadened by Doppler effect was exhibited. According to the visual picture, the increase of
Aluminum plasma was obtained with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser beam ablating target aluminum. The radiation information of the plasma was recorded on a time and space resolution basis. So the time-resolved ...spectra of Al plasma were obtained with a time delay of 10 to 10,000 ns. From those spectra, we acquired the time-resolved spectra of Al I 396.15 and Al I 394.40 nm, the characteristic lines of Al plasma radiation. The shape of the two characteristic lines was studied from 800 to 10,000 ns delay. Further more, the two characteristic lines were respectively fitted in Lorentz profile and Gauss profile with Lorentz and Gauss function. As a result, all the characteristic lines after 1000 ns delay well fitted Lorentz profile, and before that time, they also fitted each other, but slightly. In the whole range of time delay, the experimental lines departed by far from the fitted Gauss profile. So we could conclude that the shape of Al I 396.15 and that of Al I 394.40 nm were all Lorentz lines, not Gauss ones. The half-hi
