Coal-based areas face resource depletion, environmental pollution, ecological damage, and other coordinated economic and social pressures. Based on the theory of policy network and the interest ...interaction in the policy network of the stakeholders, the paper puts forward the development goals of economic growth maximization, environmental pollution minimization and coal resource consumption minimization. Utilizing the data of the input-output table in Shanxi in 2007 and the China Environment Statistics Yearbook in 2008 and the multi-objective optimization model, this paper designs and assesses the green development policies effects, taking Shanxi province as the case. The results are that: (1) Three stakeholders of coordinated development in coal-based regions are the government, coal enterprises and the residents of the mine area. (2) The common goals of the three stakeholders are the maximization of industry output value, the minimization of pollutant discharge, and the minimization of coal consumption. (3) The research shows the coal industry will still be the main industry in Shanxi in 2015–2020. According to the conclusions, the paper puts forward to pay attention to the government interests, coal enterprises and residents of the mining area. Furthermore, coal exploitation and utilization should be planned scientifically, the trend of the coal market and price fluctuations should be analyzed, and the appropriate tax rate should be formulated.
•A multi-objective optimization model is built.•Three stakeholders are the government, coal enterprises and the residents.•The coal industry will still be the main pillar industry in Shanxi.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was one of the most common malignant cancers in the urinary system. Clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathological type, accounting for approximately 80% of ...RCC. The lack of accurate and effective prognosis prediction methods has been a weak link in ccRCC treatment. Co-stimulatory molecules played the main role in increasing anti-tumor immune response, which determined the prognosis of patients. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to explore the prognostic value of co-stimulatory molecules genes in ccRCC patients.
The TCGA database was used to get gene expression and clinical characteristics of patients with ccRCC. A total of 60 co-stimulatory molecule genes were also obtained from TCGAccRCC, including 13 genes of the B7/ CD28 co-stimulatory molecules family and 47 genes of the TNF family. In the TCGA cohort, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to generate a multigene signature. R and Perl programming languages were used for data processing and drawing. Real-time PCR was used to verify the expression of differentially expressed genes.
The study's initial dataset included 539 ccRCC samples and 72 normal samples. The 13 samples have been eliminated. According to FDR<0.05, there were differences in the expression of 55 co-stimulatory molecule genes in ccRCC and normal tissues. LASSO Cox regression analysis results indicated that 13 risk genes were optimally used to construct a prognostic model of ccRCC. The patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Those in the high-risk group had significantly lower OS (Overall Survival rate) than patients in the low-risk group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the predictive value of the prognosis model of ccRCC (AUC>0.7). There are substantial differences in immune cell infiltration between high and low-risk groups. Functional analysis revealed that immune-related pathways were enriched, and immune status was different between the two risk groups. Real-time PCR results for genes were consistent with TCGA DEGs.
By stratifying patients with all independent risk factors, the prognostic score model developed in this study may improve the accuracy of prognosis prediction for patients with ccRCC.
Long-term treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) can lead to the formation of small-colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus. However, the mechanism behind SCVs formation remains ...poorly understood. In this study, we explored the phenotype and omics-based characterization of S. aureus SCVs induced by SXT and shed light on the potential causes of SCV formation. Stable SCVs were obtained by continuously treating S. aureus isolates using 12/238 microg/ml of SXT, characterized by growth kinetics, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and auxotrophism test. Subsequently, a pair of representative strains (SCV and its parental strain) were selected for genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Three stable S. aureus SCVs were successfully screened and proven to be homologous to their corresponding parental strains. Phenotypic tests showed that all SCVs were non-classical mechanisms associated with impaired utilization of menadione, heme and thymine, and exhibited slower growth and higher antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), compared to their corresponding parental strains. Genomic data revealed 15 missense mutations in 13 genes in the representative SCV, which were involved in adhesion, intramolecular phosphate transfer on ribose, transport pathways, and phage-encoded proteins. The combination analysis of transcriptome and metabolome identified 35 overlapping pathways possible associated with the phenotype switching of S. aureus. These pathways mainly included changes in metabolism, such as purine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters, which could play a crucial role in promoting SCVs development by affecting nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism in bacteria. This study provides profound insights into the causes of S. aureus SCV formation induced by SXT. The findings may offer valuable clues for developing new strategies to combat S. aureus SCV infections.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-mediated signaling has been implicated in tumor cell invasion, survival, and metastasis in a variety of cancers. This study investigated the expression and biological role ...of TLR4 in human breast cancer metastasis. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 are human breast cancer cell lines with low and high metastatic potential, respectively. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein increased compared with that in control cells. TLR4 activation notably up-regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) mRNA and their secretion in the supernatants of both cell lines. LPS enhanced invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by transwell assay and MCF-7 cells by wound healing assay. LPS triggered increased expression of TLR4 downstream signaling pathway protein myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) and resulted in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 higher production by human breast cancer cells. Stimulation of TLR4 with LPS promoted tumorigenesis and formed metastatic lesions in liver of nude mice. Moreover, expression of TLR4 and MyD88 as well as invasiveness and migration of the cells could be blocked by TLR4 antagonist. Combined with clinicopathological parameters, TLR4 was overexpressed in human breast cancer tissue and correlated with lymph node metastasis. These findings indicated that TLR4 may participate in the progression and metastasis of human breast cancer and provide a new therapeutic target.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Based on the spillover index and an improved spillover asymmetric measure method, this paper studies the volatility spillover and its asymmetric effect between crude oil and agricultural commodity ...futures in pre- and post-outbreak of COVID-19. We find that the total volatility spillover is higher with pre-outbreak of COVID-19. In addition, the volatility spillover caused by China’s crude oil is more prominent than international crude oil around the COVID-19, which highlights the necessity of risk control through the establishment of an energy financial market in China. Finally, although the asymmetric effect of volatility spillover has always existed, crude oil was less impacted by good news post-outbreak of COVID-19, indicating that the outbreak of COVID-19 makes assets dominated by commodity attributes more sensitive to bad news. These findings are beneficial for investors to establish a cross-sector risk hedging portfolio, and provide empirical evidence for policymakers to ensure energy and food security.
Melatonin is a molecule that can enhance the resistance of plants to abiotic stress. It can alleviate the damage of heavy metal ions, and other chemical substances, changes in temperature and ...humidity, oxidative stress in higher plants, and enhance resistance of plants to abiotic stress. The transformation of N-Acetyl-5-hydroxy tryptamin into melatonin requires the involvement of methyltransferase. In this study, a methyltransferase gene ZjOMT has been cloned from Zoysia japonica. The gene was induced by aluminum (Al) stress in the leaves and roots of Zoysia japonica, and was up-regulated by 20.86- and 31.18-folds, respectively. The expression of ZjOMT in Escherichia coli increased the content of melatonin by about 8-fold in the recombinant strain compared with that of the empty vector strain. Al resistance test showed that the resistance of recombinant strain BL21-pET32-ZjOMT to Al was significantly higher than that of the empty vector strain BL21-pET32. The survival rate of the recombinant strain expressing ZjOMT was about 100-fold higher than that of the empty vector strain when treated with 0.35 mM Al. These findings suggest that the heterologous expression of ZjOMT improved the resistance of E. coli to Al by increasing the content of melatonin.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lung cancer is a chronic wasting disease with insidious onset and long treatment cycle. Exosomes are specialized extracellular vesicles, at first exosomes were considered as a transporter of cellular ...metabolic wastes, but recently many studies have identified exosomes which contain a variety of biologically active substances that play a role in the regulation of cellular communication and physiological functions. Exosomes play an important role in the development of lung cancer and can promote metastasis through a variety of mechanisms. However, at the same time, researchers have also discovered that immune cells can also inhibit lung cancer through exosomes. In addition, researchers have discovered that some specific miRNAs in exosomes can be used as markers for early diagnosis of lung cancer. Engineering exosomes may be one of the strategies to enhance the clinical translational application of exosomes in the future, for example, strategies such as modifying exosomes to enhance targeting or utilizing exosomes as carriers for drug delivery have been explored. but more studies are needed to verify the safety and efficacy. This article reviews the latest research on exosomes in the field of lung cancer, from the mechanism of lung cancer development, the functions of immune cell-derived exosomes and tumor-derived exosomes, to the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Magnetic fluid is a new type of functional materials. The seal of reciprocating shaft is a typical application of the magnetic fluid. However, there is little research on the magnetic fluid ...reciprocating seals, thus improving the sealing life and seal capacity is the key problem of studying the reciprocating seals. This paper presents a structure of the seal to test the sealing life and other characteristics. The magnetic field of the seal is estimated using the finite-element method. The thickness of the magnetic fluid on the surface of reciprocating shaft and the flow rate of magnetic fluid are obtained theoretically. The experimental result shows that the static seal capacity is related to the fluid volume. The static seal capacity obtained by experiment is approximately equal to the value through the simulation with sufficient magnetic fluid. The relationship between sealing life and the motion of the reciprocating shaft is obtained experimentally. The sealing life decreases rapidly with the increase of the stroke and velocity.
A growing number of research strongly suggest that metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia contribute to the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state in asthma, according to accumulating data. However, ...the majority of recent research has focused on the association between lipids and asthma in children and adolescents, with contradictory findings. Consequently, we analyzed the relationship between serum lipid and blood eosinophil counts using data from the NHANES in the USA.
After screening the individuals from the 2011 to 2018 NHANES survey, a total of 2,544 out of 39156 participants were eligible for our study. The potential association was discussed using the linear regression model, XGBoost algorithm model, generalized additive model, and two-piecewise linear regression model. In addition, we ran stratified analysis to identify specific demographics.
After adjusting for covariates, the result indicated that blood eosinophil counts decreased by 45.68 (-68.56, -22.79)/uL for each additional unit of HDL-C (mmol/L). But serum LDL-C, total cholesterol or triglyceride was not correlated with blood eosinophil counts. Furthermore, we used machine learning of the XGBoost model to determine LDL-C, age, BMI, triglyceride, and HDL-C were the five most critical variables in the blood eosinophil counts. The generalized additive model and two-piecewise linear regression model were used to further identify linear relationship between the serum HDL-C and blood eosinophil counts.
Our study elucidated a negative and linear correlation between serum HDL-C and blood eosinophil counts among American asthmatic adults, suggesting that serum HDL-C levels might be associated with the immunological condition of asthmatic adults. There was no correlation between serum LDL-C, total cholesterol, or triglyceride levels and blood eosinophil counts.
Cellulosimicrobium cellulans is a gram-positive filamentous bacterium found primarily in soil and sewage that rarely causes human infection, especially in previously healthy adults, but when it does, ...it often indicates a poor prognosis.
We report a case of endocarditis and intracranial infection caused by C. cellulans in a 52-year-old woman with normal immune function and no implants in vivo. The patient started with a febrile headache that progressed to impaired consciousness after 20 days, and she finally died after treatment with vancomycin combined with rifampicin. C. cellulans was isolated from her blood cultures for 3 consecutive days after her admission; however, there was only evidence of C. cellulans sequences for two samples in the second-generation sequencing data generated from her peripheral blood, which were ignored by the technicians. No C. cellulans bands were detected in her cerebrospinal fluid by second-generation sequencing.
Second-generation sequencing seems to have limitations for certain specific strains of bacteria.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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