•PM concentrations and inhalation doses in Guangzhou presented the following trend: shared bikes > buses > cars > subways.•The counts of particle size range of 0.25–0.5 µm were highest in all travel ...modes.•Travel by “cars CW” (i.e., with closed windows) effectively prevented PM infiltration from outside air.•PM concentrations on weekends with peaks usually observed in the morning, were higher than those on weekdays.
Travelers are severely exposed to traffic-related particulate matter (PM). To assess the personal exposure to PM for multiple transportation modes, we conducted a study on particle concentrations, size fractions, and inhalation doses in Guangzhou, China. PM concentrations and inhalation doses showed the following trend: shared bikes > buses > cars > subways. PM0.25-1 concentrations in subway accounted for 56%–63% of all size fractions, while PM2.5-10 dominated PM0.25-2.5 in other modes. The highest particle counts were observed in the size range of 0.25–0.5 µm. PM concentrations on weekends were higher than those on weekdays. Peak concentrations were usually recorded in the morning on weekends but in the evening during weekdays. Females had higher exposure risks than males for the same distance covered using shared bikes due to longer travel duration. These results can provide theoretical guides for travelers to reduce personal exposure and health risks associated with PM.
To summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with nasolabial fold rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).
Retrospective review of children treated for nasolabial fold RMS from January 2014 to ...September 2019.
Of 21 patients with nasolabial fold RMS, 90.48% were alveolar subtype, in which PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusion positive accounted for 87.5%. Ten patients (47.62%) had nodals invasion. Almost all patients received comprehensive treatment (chemotherapy 100%, radiation therapy 100%, and surgery 95.24%). The median follow-up time was 34.3 months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) was 67.7% ± 14.1% and 42.1% ± 13.5%, respectively. Four patients had regional lymph node relapse (NR), all in the ipsilateral submandibular lymph node region.
Majority of the patients with RMS in the nasolabial fold area were alveolar subtype and had positive PAX3/7-FOXO1 gene fusion. In addition, the nasolabial fold RMS had a high probability of regional lymph node metastasis in the submandibular area. To maintain the facial aesthetics and functions, the surgical area for nasolabial fold RMS is often very conservative and restricted. This could be one of the contributors for the poor prognosis of nasolabial fold RMS beside its worse pathological subtype and gene fusion.
Background
Ionocytes are rare cells in airway epithelium characterized by a high expression of CFTR.
Objectives
To investigate the morphology and distribution of ionocytes and the function of CFTR in ...the nasal mucosal epithelium of children.
Methods
The exfoliated cells of nasal mucosa from 101 children were detected using flow cytometry to analyze the number of ionocytes and CFTR and the difference of CFTR function. Nasal mucosa and polyps were collected from 10 children with CRSwNP. The RNAscope of FOXI1 and CFTR was detected in pathological paraffin sections. The expression and distribution of ionocytes and CFTR in nasal mucosa and polyp epithelium were observed.
Results
In CRS patients, the number of ionocytes in the nasal epithelium was lower and the number of ionocytes that did not express CFTR was higher, and the function of CFTR was also decreased. The expression of CFTR in the nasal mucosa of CRS showed the characteristics of local dense distribution and increased as the inflammation expanded. The ionocytes were “tadpole-shaped” in the epithelium and gathered in the area of high CFTR expression, the intracellular CFTR was expanded in clusters. Ionocytes that did not express CFTR was more common in the nasal polyps.
Conclusions
The number of ionocytes and the function of CFTR in nasal mucosa of CRS patients decreased. With the expansion of inflammation, CFTR and ionocytes showed more obvious dense distribution. Some ionocytes lost the expression of CFTR and did not show the "tadpole" shape, which may be related to the occurrence of polyps.
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing Childrens Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, PR China
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Childrens ...Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, PR China
3 Department of Pathology, Beijing Childrens Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, PR China
Correspondence Yonghong Yang yyh66{at}vip.sina.com
Received 26 March 2008
Accepted 25 June 2008
This study estimated the value of in situ PCR (ISPCR) in the detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) DNA in paraffin-embedded lung tissues of a murine pneumonia model. ICR mice were infected with Hib solution intranasally. In study group A ( n =20), physiological changes and the number of deaths were recorded for 7 consecutive days after infection. In study group B ( n =10), blood samples and lung tissues were obtained from the infected mice on the brink of death. In both groups, portions of the lung tissue were cultured for Hib, while other portions were submitted for histopathological studies. Conventional PCR, PCR followed by Southern blotting and ISPCR were performed to detect Hib in paraffin-embedded lung tissues. In control group A, six mice were inoculated intranasally with the same concentration of heat-inactivated Hib solution. In control group B, six healthy mice served as a blank control. Both control groups were managed using the same methods as those used in the study groups. The white blood cell count of the mice in the study group increased (F=3.295, P <0.01), with a high neutrophil count (F=0.127, P <0.05). In the histopathological study, various stages of pneumonia were found in the lung tissues of the infected mice examined by microscope; 80 % of the mice had moderate or severe pneumonia. Cultures of lung tissues in the study groups were all positive for Hib, while no bacteria were found in the control groups. Hib was detected in only 4 of 30 samples (13.3 %) of the study groups using conventional PCR, but in all 30 samples (100 %) using both Southern blotting and ISPCR. All three methods did not detect Hib in the control groups. Because of its sensitivity and specificity and its ability to locate the micro-organism, ISPCR can be considered suitable for the detection of Hib in paraffin-embedded lung tissues.
Abbreviations: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type b; ISPCR, in situ PCR.
: Cervical neuroblastic tumors (NTs) are rare but less aggressive cancer with an above-average survival rate. Little has been published regarding the management and surgical outcomes of patients with ...cervical NTs based on pathology category. This study compared and identified the preoperative characteristics of cervical NTs in different pathology categories and evaluated the outcomes of patients undergoing surgical resection.
: Upon the institutional review board's approval, a retrospective chart review was performed at Beijing Children's Hospital from April 2013 to August 2020. Demographics of patients, imaging data, lab test results, operation details and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.
: Of 32 cervical NTs, 24(80%) were classified as neuroblastoma (NB) /ganglioneuroblastoma-nodular (GNBn) and 8(20%) as ganglioneuroblastoma-intermixed (GNBi)/ ganglioneuroma (GN). Patients with GNBi/GN were older than those with NB/GNBn (44.5 months (IQR 16–81) vs 9 months (IQR 1–47); P = 0.001). GNBi/GN patients presented more frequently with stage 1 disease compared with NB/GNBn patients (100% vs. 29.2%, P = 0.001), less frequently with tumor-related symptoms (0% vs. 70.8%, P = 0.001), artery encased tumor (0% vs. 41.7%, P = 0.035), and surgical complications (25% vs. 70.8%, P = 0.038). GNBi/GN patients were also less likely to show elevated neuron specific enolase (NSE) (12.5% vs. 79.2%, P = 0.002).
: Cervical NB/GNBn and GNBi/GN patients had distinct characteristic clinical presentations and surgical outcomes. For children with features suggestive of benign disease (older age, asymptomatic, normal serum tumor markers) and no artery image-defined risk factors (IDRFs), upfront resection can be considered.
The recent advancements in multimodal dialogue systems have been gaining importance in several domains such as retail, travel, fashion, among others. Several existing works have improved the ...understanding and generation of multimodal dialogues. However, there still exists considerable space to improve the quality of output textual responses due to insufficient information infusion between the visual and textual semantics. Moreover, the existing dialogue systems often generate defective knowledge-aware responses for tasks such as providing product attributes and celebrity endorsements. To address the aforementioned issues, we present a Transformer-based Multimodal Infusion Dialogue (TMID) system that extracts the visual and textual information from dialogues via a transformer-based multimodal context encoder and employs a cross-attention mechanism to achieve information infusion between images and texts for each utterance. Furthermore, TMID uses adaptive decoders to generate appropriate multimodal responses based on the user intentions it has determined using a state classifier and enriches the output responses by incorporating domain knowledge into the decoders. The results of extensive experiments on a multimodal dialogue dataset demonstrate that TMID has achieved a state-of-the-art performance by improving the BLUE-4 score by 13.03, NIST by 2.77, image selection Recall@1 by 1.84%.
•Indocyanine green guided surgery is safe and feasible in children with hepatoblastoma.•Indocyanine green guided surgery is helpful for locating tumor and determining margin.•Indocyanine green plays ...an indispensable role in minimally invasive surgery.•Chemotherapy, tumor depth, and ICG administration impact the fluorescence imaging.
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence guided surgery has been used to treat childhood hepatoblastoma (HB), but the advantages and disadvantages of this technique have not been fully discussed. The purpose of this study is to summarize the experience and to explore the clinical value of this technique for children with HB.
45 children with HB who underwent ICG fluorescence guided surgery (n = 22) and general surgery (n = 23) in our center from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled retrospectively.
All the liver tumors in the ICG group showed hyperfluorescence, including total and partial fluorescent types. With the help of ICG navigation, minimally invasive surgery was performed in 3 cases. 18.2 % of cases with tumors could not be accurately identified under white light, but could be identified by fluorescence imaging. The fluorescent cutting lines of 59.1 % of cases were consistent with the safe cutting lines. In 36.4 % of cases, the fluorescence boundary was not clear because of tumor necrosis. In 36.4 % of cases, the fluorescence could not be detected on the inner edge of the tumors because of the depth. A total of 29 ICG (+) suspicious lesions were found during the operations, of which 5 were true positive lesions.
ICG fluorescence guided surgery is safe and feasible in children with HB. This technique is helpful for locating tumors, determining margin and finding small lesions with negative imaging, especially in minimally invasive surgery. However, preoperative chemotherapy, tumor necrosis, tumor depth, and ICG administration impact the effect of fluorescence imaging.
Abstract Many efforts have been made to address involvement of the insulin-like growth-factor (IGF) pathway in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) pathogenesis, but the actual role of IGF in RMS is still ...controversial. Objective To investigate the implications of IGF2, IGFBP2 and p63 in RMS, and further explored their potential interaction. Design A total of 114 specimens of RMS along with clinic-pathologic characteristics were collected from the year of 2003 to 2013. Protein abundance was detected by immunohistochemical staining, potential relationships between protein levels and clinic-pathological parameters were applied using correlation analysis. Results The results showed positive correlation between IGFBP2 and p63 (r = 0.271, p = 0.003), suggesting that the interaction of IGFBP2 and p63 might account for the pathogenesis of RMS. In the subtype analysis, positive correlation was still found in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS, r = 0.214, p = 0.034) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS, r = 0.498, p = 0.048). By focusing on the interaction of IGF pathway and p63, our results reveal additional signs to elucidate difference of pathogenesis and severity between ERMS and ARMS. Conclusions The present study
provides
novel evidence to elucidate RMS pathogenesis and may be beneficial to clinical diagnosis and therapy for RMS.
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