<正>The discovery of gravitational waves(GWs)by the LIGO collaboration 1 in 2016 has provided a direct test on the prediction made by Albert Einstein a century ago based on his general theory of ...relativity 2.It has caused a significant influence worldwide on the basic research in science.
We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.
An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a ...total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2).
Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05).
During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.
There is keen interest in the use of amorphous WO3 thin films as cathodic electrodes in transmittance-modulating electrochromic devices1–4. However, these films suer from ion-trapping-induced ...degradation of optical modulation and reversibility on extended LiC-ion exchange. Here,we demonstrate that ion-trapping-induced degradation, which is commonly believed to be irreversible, can be successfully eliminatedby constant-current-driven de-trapping; that is, WO3 films can be rejuvenated and regain their initial highly reversible electrochromic performance. Pronounced ion trapping occurs when x exceeds 0.65 in LixWO3 during ion insertion. We find two main kinds of Li+-ion-trapping site (intermediate and deep) in WO3, where the intermediate ones are most prevalent. Li+ ions can be completely removed from intermediate traps but are irreversibly bound in deep traps. Our results provide a general framework for developing and designing superior electrochromic materials and devices.
Abstract
Rare earth (RE
3+
)-doped phosphors generally suffer from thermal quenching, in which their photoluminescence (PL) intensities decrease at high temperatures. Herein, we report a class of ...unique two-dimensional negative-thermal-expansion phosphor of Sc
2
(MoO
4
)
3
:Yb/Er. By virtue of the reduced distances between sensitizers and emitters as well as confined energy migration with increasing the temperature, a 45-fold enhancement of green upconversion (UC) luminescence and a 450-fold enhancement of near-infrared downshifting (DS) luminescence of Er
3+
are achieved upon raising the temperature from 298 to 773 K. The thermally boosted UC and DS luminescence mechanism is systematically investigated through in situ temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction and PL dynamics. Moreover, the luminescence lifetime of
4
I
13/2
of Er
3+
in Sc
2
(MoO
4
)
3
:Yb/Er displays a strong temperature dependence, enabling luminescence thermometry with the highest relative sensitivity of 12.3%/K at 298 K and low temperature uncertainty of 0.11 K at 623 K. These findings may gain a vital insight into the design of negative-thermal-expansion RE
3+
-doped phosphors for versatile applications.
Background and Purpose
Mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress are crucial contributors to the tubular cell injury and death in acute kidney injury. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting ...mitochondria protection and halting the progression of acute kidney injury are urgently needed. Honokiol is a small‐molecule polyphenol that exhibits extraordinary cytoprotective effects, such as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative. Thus, we investigated whether honokiol could ameliorate cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury via preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Experimental Approach
Acute kidney injury was induced by cisplatin administration. Biochemical and histological analysis were used to determine kidney injury. The effect of honokiol on mitochondrial function and morphology were determined using immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, immunoblot and immunofluorescence. To investigate the mechanism by which honokiol alters mitochondrial dynamics, remodelling and resistance to apoptosis, we used transfection experiments, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry assay.
Key Results
We demonstrated that the prominent mitochondrial fragmentation occurred in experimental models of cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity, which was coupled to radical oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, deterioration of mitochondrial function, release of apoptogenic factors and the consequent apoptosis. Honokiol treatment caused notable reno‐protection and attenuated of these cisplatin‐induced changes. Mechanistically, honokiol treatment recovered the expression of SIRT3 and improved AMPK activity in tubular cells exposure to cisplatin, which preserved the Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 and blocked its translocation in mitochondria, consequently preventing mitochondrial fragmentation and subsequent cell injury and death.
Conclusion and Implications
Our results indicate that honokiol may protect against cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury by preserving mitochondrial integrity and function by SIRT3/AMPK‐dependent mitochondrial dynamics remodelling.
Cosmic plasmas are considered as the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe while observations of the cosmic dust in different regions provide an insight into the Universe's recycling ...processes. For different types of the cosmic dusty plasmas, we hereby, with the symbolic computation and observational/experimental supports, study a (3+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers-type equation, which can describe the electron-acoustic, dust-acoustic, positron-acoustic, dust-magneto-acoustic, ion-acoustic, magneto-acoustic, ion, quantum-dust-ion-acoustic or dust-ion-acoustic waves in one of the cosmic/laboratory dusty plasmas. With respect to the fluctuation of the electron or ion density, or perturbation of the magnitude of the magnetic field, or electrostatic wave potential, or radial-direction component of the velocity of ions or dust particles, a set of the auto-Bäcklund transformations, several soliton families and a set of the similarity reductions are symbolically computed out, depending on the variable coefficients which represent the dispersion, nonlinearity, geometric effect, Burgers/dusty-fluid-viscosity dissipation and diffraction/transverse perturbation. Variable-coefficient constraints on the soliton solutions are presented. Our analytic results are in agreement with those dusty-plasma-experimentally reported. Future dusty-plasma experiments and observations might justify some other effects hereby offered.
Optical fibers are used in communication, biological sensors and chemical sensors. Plasma is considered to be the most abundant common form of matter in the Universe, supporting some phenomena. ...Considering the inhomogeneous effects, we have investigated an
N
-coupled nonautonomous nonlinear Schrödinger system, where
N
is a positive integer. With respect to the simultaneous wave propagation of
N
fields in an optical fiber or a plasma, we construct a Lax pair and
n
-fold Darboux transformation, with which we obtain the first- and second-order breather, and rogue wave solutions, where
n
is a positive integer. Amplitudes of the two solitons change after their interaction, while velocities of the two solitons are unchanged after their interaction via the asymptotic analysis. Characteristics of the breathers are presented. Interactions between the two breathers, and interactions between the first-order rogue waves and breather-like solitons are discussed. We find that the inhomogeneous coefficients in the system under investigation affect the backgrounds, amplitudes and trajectories of the breathers and rogue waves.
Recent progress in optical fibers is impressive, while nonlinear Schrödinger-type models are seen in fiber optics and other fields (such as ferromagnetism, plasma physics, Bose–Einstein condensation ...and oceanography). Hereby, our symbolic computation on a three-coupled variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger system is performed, for the picosecond-pulse attenuation/amplification in a multicomponent inhomogeneous optical fiber with diverse polarizations/frequencies. For the slowly-varying envelopes of optical modes, we obtain a similarity reduction, an auto-Bäcklund transformation and some analytic solutions, which rely on the optical-fiber variable coefficients, i.e., the fiber loss/gain, nonlinearity and group velocity dispersion. Relevant variable-coefficient constraints are presented. Our results might be of some use in the construction of logic gates, optical computing, soliton switching, design of fiber directional couplers, quantum information processing, soliton amplification in the wavelength division multiplexing systems, solitonic studies in the all-optical devices and birefringence fiber systems.
Sulfur is an important volatile and its cycle is of great significance to the evolution of life. The role of the subducting slab as a key component in the sulfur cycle remains a topic of ongoing ...debate. Here, we report whole-rock sulfur isotope and chalcophile element content of lower crustal cumulates from the Kohistan complete arc section in order to investigate this cycle in terms of the subduction products, i.e. arc magmas. Results show that the Kohistan garnet-free pyroxenites have heavy sulfur isotopic compositions with δ34S values of +11.84 to +15.24‰, while the garnet-bearing ultramafic cumulates show lighter isotopic signatures with δ34S values of +3.08 to +6.35‰. The occurrence of well-preserved primitive magmatic sulfide inclusions dominated by pyrrhotite in clinopyroxene suggests that the heavy δ34S values of clinopyroxenite and websterite were inherited from the magma source. The sub-arc mantle source is thought to be modified by the 34S-rich fluid released by the subducting slab. Although the garnet-bearing ultramafic cumulates have higher Cu concentrations (up to ∼530 ppm), most of the sulfides are decomposed and distributed along mineral boundaries and fractures through interaction with CO2-rich metamorphic fluid before and/or during the crystallization of garnet. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the garnet-bearing cumulate can be explained by a simple Rayleigh fractionation between metamorphic fluid and sulfide. Our study identifies the heaviest sulfur isotopes (δ34S up to +15‰) of primitive arc magma with a perspective of lower crustal cumulate. These findings suggest that the subducting slab-derived sulfur recycles into the mantle wedge, highlighting the critical role of subduction zone in the global volatile cycle.
•Kohistan pyroxenites possess significantly heavy sulfur isotopic compositions;•Slab-derived sulfur enters the sub-arc mantle resulting in the heavy sulfur isotopes;•Contribution of the subducting slab on sulfur recycling is confirmed in the terms of lower crustal cumulates.
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