This research investigated conceptual alteration in medical article titles translation between English and Chinese with a twofold purpose: one was to further justify the findings from a pilot study, ...and the other was to further investigate how the concepts were altered in translation. The research corpus of 800 medical article titles in English and Chinese was selected from two English medical journals and two Chinese medical journals. The analysis was based on the pairing of concepts in English and Chinese and their conceptual similarity/dissimilarity via translation between English and Chinese. Two kinds of conceptual alteration were discussed: one was apparent conceptual alteration that was obvious with addition or omission of concepts in translation. The other was latent conceptual alteration that was not obvious, and can only be recognized by the differences between the original and translated concepts. The findings from the pilot study were verified with the findings from this research. Additional findings, for example, the addition/omission of single‐word and multiword concepts in the general and medical domain and, implicit information vs. explicit information, were also discussed. The findings provided useful insights into future studies on crosslanguage information retrieval via medical translation between English and Chinese, and other languages as well.
In this study, a novel hybrid intelligent mining system integrating rough sets theory and support vector machines is developed to extract efficiently association rules from original information table ...for credit risk evaluation and analysis. In the proposed hybrid intelligent system, support vector machines are used as a tool to extract typical features and filter its noise, which are different from the previous studies where rough sets were only used as a preprocessor for support vector machines. Such an approach could reduce the information table and generate the final knowledge from the reduced information table by rough sets. Therefore, the proposed hybrid intelligent system overcomes the dificulty of extracting rules from a trained support vector machine classifier and possesses the robustness which is lacking for rough-set-based approaches. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid intelligent system is illustrated with two real-world credit datasets.
Reports findings from a study of the geographical distribution of foreign authors in the "Journal of American Society for Information Science and Technology"(JASIST) and "Journal of Documentation". ...Also identifies the top 10 geographic locations with the highest number of foreign authors and the top 10 most productive foreign authors. (Author/LRW)
This study conducted a crosslanguage analysis of conceptual alteration in medical translation between English and Chinese, focusing on the original and translated concepts in article titles from two ...English medical journals and two Chinese medical journals. Findings provide insights into future studies on crosslanguage information retrieval via medical translation between English and Chinese, as well as other languages. (Contains 26 references.) (AEF)
While the Internet provides great opportunities for sharing and accessing information resources globally, there are still many barriers to overcome. In this session, a group of experts will share ...their research in this area. Vaughan and Thelwall will present their study on national bias of information resources coverage as reflected in commercial search engines. In the area of cross‐language information retrieval, although many search engines have the capability to retrieve information in Chinese using English queries, there has not been research on evaluation of the search capabilities and retrieval performances of such search engines. Shaoyi He will fill this gap in his presentation on such evaluations. Finally, Shreve and Zeng will discuss their approach of how to use parallel metadata to provide multilingual / multicultural access to a linguistically heterogeneous collection in an NSF‐funded digital library project.
Describes a study at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill that analyzed the transaction logs of medical students' searches of a factual database to determine the overall frequency of ...search moves, the interaction between the problem statement and students' search strategies, the search moves selected, and the tactics used by students. (13 references) (LRW)
Zwitterionic materials have moieties possessing cationic and anionic groups. This molecular structure leads to unique properties that can be the solutions of various application problems. A typical ...example is that zwitterionic carboxybetaine (CB) and sulfobetaine (SB) materials resist nonspecific protein adsorption in complex media. Considering the vast number of cationic and anionic groups in the current chemical inventory, there are many possible structural variations of zwitterionic materials. The diversified structures provide the possibility to achieve many desired properties and urge a better understanding of zwitterionic materials to provide design principles. Molecular simulations and modeling are a versatile tool to understand the structure–property relationships of materials at the molecular level. This progress report summarizes recent simulation and modeling studies addressing two fundamental questions regarding zwitterionic materials and their applications as biomaterials. First, what are the differences between zwitterionic and nonionic materials? Second, what are the differences among zwitterionic materials? This report also demonstrates a molecular design of new protein‐resistant zwitterionic moieties beyond conventional CB and SB based on design principles developed from these simulation studies.
There are many possible structural variations of zwitterionic materials. These diversified structures provide the possibility of achieving many desired properties for a wide range of applications. This Progress Report summarizes recent simulation and modeling studies of zwitterionic materials, providing a fundamental understanding of their nonfouling properties and design principles.
Zwitterionic polymers are generally viewed as a new class of nonfouling materials. Unlike their poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) counterparts, zwitterionic polymers have a broader chemical diversity and ...greater freedom for molecular design. In this Minireview, we highlight recent microbiological applications of zwitterionic polymers and their derivatives, with an emphasis on several unique molecular strategies to integrate antimicrobial and nonfouling properties. We will also discuss our insights into the bacterial nonfouling performance of zwitterionic polymers and one example of engineering zwitterionic polymer derivatives for antimicrobial wound‐dressing applications.
Fighting germs: Molecular design leads to zwitterionic nonfouling polymers with surface bactericidal and bulk antimicrobial functionalities (sketched in the picture). This functional versatility makes zwitterionic polymers a promising alternative and improvement to the conventional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nonfouling materials.
