•It is currently uncertain whether people with diabetes are at higher risk of severe illness from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).•We found that diabetes was associated with an approximately ...4-fold increased risk of having severe/critical COVID-19 illness.•This association was independent of age, sex, obesity, hypertension and smoking.•These findings highlight the urgent need for a multidisciplinary team-based approach to management of this patient population.
Agriculture is very sensitive to climate change, and correct forecasting of climate change is a great help to accurate allocation of irrigation water. The use of irrigation water is influenced by ...crop water demand and precipitation. Potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is a measure of the ability of the atmosphere to remove water from the surface through the processes of evaporation and transpiration, assuming no control on water supply. It plays an important role in assessing crop water requirements, regional dry–wet conditions, and other factors of water resource management. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution processes and characteristics of major meteorological parameters at 10 stations in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi (LPNS). By using the Mann–Kendall trend test with trend–free pre–whitening and the ArcGIS platform, the potential evapotranspiration of each station was quantified by using the Penman–Monteith equation, and the effects of climatic factors on potential evapotranspiration were assessed by analyzing the contribution rate and sensitivity of the climatic factors. The results showed that the climate in LPNS has become warmer and drier. In terms of the sensitivity of ET0 to the variation of each climatic factor in LPNS, relative humidity (0.65) had the highest sensitivity, followed by daily maximum temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours, and daily minimum temperature (−0.05). In terms of the contribution rate of each factor to ET0, daily maximum temperature (5.16%) had the highest value, followed by daily minimum temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, and wind speed (1.14%). This study provides a reference for the management of agricultural water resources and for countermeasures to climate change. According to the climate change and the characteristics of the study area, farmers in the region should increase irrigation to guarantee crop water demand.
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•The Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi (LPNS) experienced a warmer and drier period.•Sensitivity and contribution rate analysis were used to explore the driving factor of ET0.•ET0 showed a significant upward trend in the northern part of LPNS.•ET0 was most sensitive to the variation of relative humidity in LPNS。•Maximum temperature had a higher contribution rate to the variation of ET0 in LPNS
Synthetic dimension is a potent tool in quantum simulation of topological phases of matter. Here we propose and demonstrate a scheme to simulate an anisotropic Harper-Hofstadter model with ...controllable magnetic flux on a two-leg ladder using the spin and motional states of a single trapped ion. We verify the successful simulation of this model by comparing the measured dynamics with theoretical predictions under various coupling strength and magnetic flux, and we observe the chiral motion of wave packets on the ladder as evidence of the topological chiral edge modes. We develop a quench path to adiabatically prepare the ground states for varying magnetic flux and coupling strength, and we measure the chiral current on the ladder for the prepared ground states, which allows us to probe the quantum phase transition between the Meissner phase and the vortex phase. Our work demonstrates the trapped ion as a powerful quantum simulation platform for topological quantum matter.
Using a total of 9.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.15 and 4.30 GeV collected by the BESIII detector, we search for the processes e+e−→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π0χcJ ...for J=0, 1, 2. We report the first observation of X(3872)→π0χc1, a new decay mode of the X(3872), with a statistical significance of more than 5σ for all systematic fit variations. Normalizing to the previously established process e+e−→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ, we find B(X(3872)→π0χc1)/B(X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ)=0.88−0.27+0.33±0.10, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the corresponding ratios for the decays to π0χc0 and π0χc2 of 19 and 1.1, respectively.
We report the experimental results of the commissioning phase in the 10 PW laser beamline of the Shanghai Superintense Ultrafast Laser Facility (SULF). The peak power reaches 2.4 PW on target without ...the last amplifying during the experiment. The laser energy of 72 ± 9 J is directed to a focal spot of approximately 6 μm diameter (full width at half maximum) in 30 fs pulse duration, yielding a focused peak intensity around 2.0 × 1021 W/cm2. The first laser-proton acceleration experiment is performed using plain copper and plastic targets. High-energy proton beams with maximum cut-off energy up to 62.5 MeV are achieved using copper foils at the optimum target thickness of 4 μm via target normal sheath acceleration. For plastic targets of tens of nanometers thick, the proton cut-off energy is approximately 20 MeV, showing ring-like or filamented density distributions. These experimental results reflect the capabilities of the SULF-10 PW beamline, for example, both ultrahigh intensity and relatively good beam contrast. Further optimization for these key parameters is underway, where peak laser intensities of 1022–1023 W/cm2 are anticipated to support various experiments on extreme field physics.
Micronanotechnology-based multielectrode arrays have led to remarkable progress in the field of transmembrane voltage recording of excitable cells. However, providing long-term optoporation- or ...electroporation-free intracellular access remains a considerable challenge. In this study, a novel type of nanopatterned volcano-shaped microelectrode (nanovolcano) is described that spontaneously fuses with the cell membrane and permits stable intracellular access. The complex nanostructure was manufactured following a simple and scalable fabrication process based on ion beam etching redeposition. The resulting ring-shaped structure provided passive intracellular access to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Intracellular action potentials were successfully recorded in vitro from different devices, and continuous recording for more than 1 h was achieved. By reporting transmembrane action potentials at potentially high spatial resolution without the need to apply physical triggers, the nanovolcanoes show distinct advantages over multielectrode arrays for the assessment of electrophysiological characteristics of cardiomyocyte networks at the transmembrane voltage level over time.
Purpose
Five strategies were recommended by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) guidelines for the treatment of postmenopausal ...osteoporosis (PMO) patients with a very high fracture risk. We aimed to assess their cost-effectiveness in the United States (US).
Methods
A microsimulation Markov model was created to compare the cost-effectiveness of five treatment strategies, including zoledronate, denosumab, abaloparatide, teriparatide, and romosozumab in PMO patients with a recent fracture from the healthcare perspective of the US. The data used in the model were obtained from published studies or online resources. Base-case analysis, one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) and probability sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted for 65-, 70-, 75-, and 80-year-old patients.
Results
In base case, at 65 years, zoledronate was the cheapest strategy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER, which represent incremental costs per QALY gained) of denosumab, teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab against zoledronate were $13,020/QALY (quality-adjusted years), $477,331 /QALY, $176,287/QALY, and $98,953/QALY, respectively. Under a willing-to-pay (WTP, which means the highest price a consumer will pay for one unit of a good of service) threshold of $150,000/QALY, denosumab and romosozumab were cost-effective against zoledronate. The PSA results showed that denosumab was the most cost-effective option with WTP thresholds of $50,000/QALY, $100,000/QALY and $150,000/QALY. The results were similar in other age groups. The DSA results indicated that the most common parameters that have important influence on the outcome were drug persistence, incidence of adverse events, the efficacy of drugs on hip fractures and the cost of the drug.
Conclusion and relevance
Among PMO patients with a very high fracture risk in the US, zoledronate is the cheapest strategy and denosumab is the most cost-effective choice among these five strategies.
Cross sections of the process e+e− → π0 π0 J / ψ at center-of-mass energies between 3.808 and 4.600 GeV are measured with high precision by using 12.4 fb−1 of data samples collected with the BESIII ...detector operating at the BEPCII collider facility. A fit to the measured energy-dependent cross sections confirms the existence of the charmoniumlike state Y ( 4220 ) . The mass and width of the Y ( 4220 ) are determined to be ( 4220.4 ± 2.4 ± 2.3 ) MeV / c2 and ( 46.2 ± 4.7 ± 2.1 ) MeV , respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The mass and width are consistent with those measured in the process e+e− → π+π− J / ψ. The neutral charmonium-like state Zc ( 3900 )0 is observed prominently in the π 0 J / ψ invariant-mass spectrum, and, for the first time, an amplitude analysis is performed to study its properties. The spin-parity of Zc ( 3900 )0 is determined to be JP = 1+, and the pole position is ( 3893.1 ± 2.2 ± 3.0 ) − i ( 22.2 ± 2.6 ± 7.0 ) MeV / c2, which is consistent with previous studies of electrically charged Zc ( 3900 )±. In addition, cross sections of e+e− → π0Zc ( 3900 )0 → π0π0 J / ψ are extracted, and the corresponding line shape is found to agree with that of the Y ( 4220 ).
•Hollow SnO2/α-Fe2O3 core–shell nanofibers were synthesized by electrospun and hydrothermal.•Glacial acetic acid could adjust the nucleation site and density of α-FeOOH nanorods on SnO2.•SnO2/α-Fe2O3 ...nanofibers exhibited better gas sensing performance than α-Fe2O3 and SnO2 fibers.
One dimensional hierarchically hollow SnO2/α-Fe2O3 core–shell nanofibers were synthesized by using electrospun SnO2 hollow nanofibers as core followed by the hydrothermal growth and calcination of α-FeOOH nanorods on the outer surface of SnO2 nanofibers. The control experiments indicated that glacial acetic acid introduced in the hydrothermal solution could adjust the nucleation site and density of α-FeOOH nanorods as well as prevent the formation of urchin-like α-FeOOH byproduct. The growth process of α-FeOOH nanorods on SnO2 hollow nanofibers was also investigated. The hierarchical SnO2/α-Fe2O3 hollow nanofibers were then fabricated as gas sensors for the investigation of gas sensing applications. By comparison of sensing properties, the response values of the sensors fabricated with hierarchical SnO2/α-Fe2O3 core–shell nanofibers toward 100ppm acetone and ethanol could reach to be 30.363 and 20.370, respectively, exhibiting much better performance than those using urchin-like α-Fe2O3 nanostructures and pure SnO2 nanofibers. Meanwhile, the sensors based on hierarchical SnO2/α-Fe2O3 nanofibers also had shorter response and recovery times than those of α-Fe2O3 nanostructures. The synergetic effect of the composite of α-Fe2O3 and SnO2 together with unique hollow core–shell architectures are main contribution for the enhanced gas sensing properties.
We report on the highest energy photons from the Crab Nebula observed by the Tibet air shower array with the underground water-Cherenkov-type muon detector array. Based on the criterion of a muon ...number measured in an air shower, we successfully suppress 99.92% of the cosmic-ray background events with energies E>100 TeV. As a result, we observed 24 photonlike events with E>100 TeV against 5.5 background events, which corresponds to a 5.6σ statistical significance. This is the first detection of photons with E>100 TeV from an astrophysical source.
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