Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are usually associated with poor outcomes, especially in high‐risk AML/MDS. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ...(allo‐HSCT) is the only curative option for patients suffering from high‐risk AML/MDS. However, many patients relapse after allo‐HSCT. Novel therapy to prevent relapse is urgently needed. Both the BCL‐2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) and the hypomethylating agent decitabine (DEC) possess significant antitumor activity effects against AML/MDS. Administration of DEC has been shown to ameliorate graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and boost the graft‐versus‐leukemia (GVL) effect post‐transplantation. We therefore conducted a prospective study (ChiCTR1900025374) to examine the tolerability and efficacy of a maintenance therapy of low‐dose decitabine (LDEC) plus VEN to prevent relapse after allo‐HSCT for high‐risk AML/MDS patients. Twenty patients with high‐risk AML (n = 17) or high‐risk MDS (n = 3) post‐transplantation were recruited. Approximately day 100 post‐transplantation, all patients received LDEC (15 mg/m2 for 3 d) followed by VEN (200 mg) on d 1‐21. The cycle interval was 2 mo, and there was 10 cycles. The primary end points of this study were rates of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). The secondary endpoints included adverse events (AEs), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), nonrelapse mortality (NRM), incidences of acute GVHD (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD), and incidences of viral infection after allo‐HSCT. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. The median follow‐up was 598 (149‐1072) d. Two patients relapsed, 1 died, and 1 is still alive after the second transplant. The 2‐y OS and EFS rates were 85.2% and 84.7%, respectively. The median 2‐y EFS time was 525 (149‐1072) d, and 17 patients still had EFS and were alive at the time of this writing. The most common AEs were neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenic fever, and fatigue. Grade 2 or 3 AEs were observed in 35% (7/20) and 20% (4/20) of the patients, respectively. No grade >3 AEs were observed. aGVHD (any grade) and cGVHD (limited or extensive) occurred in 55% and 20% of patients, respectively. We conclude that LDEC + VEN can be administered safely after allo‐HSCT with no evidence of an increased incidence of GVHD, and this combination decreases the relapse rate in high‐risk AML/MDS patients. This novel maintenance therapy may be a promising way to prevent relapse in high‐risk AML/MDS patients.
The results of the current study suggest that maintenance treatment with LDEC combined with VEN introduced nearly 3 mo after allo‐HSCT is efficacious, with an acceptable toxicity profile and impressive long‐term disease control.
Recovering the geometric shape of deformable objects from images is essential to optical three-dimensional (3D) deformation measurements and is also actively pursued by researchers. Most of the ...existing techniques retrieve the shape data with triangulation based on pre-estimated stereo correspondences. In this paper, we instead propose to recover depth information directly from images of a binocular vision system for 3D deformation estimation. Given a calibrated geometry of the system, the reprojection error is parameterized by the depth and then described with local intensity dissimilarity between a stereo pair in considering spatial deformation. Afterward, a correlation adjustment model is formulated to estimate the depth parameter by minimizing the error. As a solving strategy, we show the Gauss-Newton linearization of the proposed model and its initialization. 3D displacement estimation based on depth information is also presented. Experiments, including rigid translation and bending deformation measurements, are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is accurate yet precise in 3D deformation estimations. Other underlying developments are underway.
Concrete cracking caused by corrosion of reinforcement could significantly shorten the durability of reinforced concrete structure. It remains critical to investigate the process and mechanism of the ...corrosion occurring to concrete reinforcement and establish the theoretical prediction model of concrete expansion force for the whole process of corrosion cracking of reinforcement. Under the premise of uniform corrosion of reinforcing steel bars, the elastic mechanics analysis method is adopted to analyze the entire process starting from the corrosion of steel bars to the cracking of concrete due to corrosion. A relationship model between the expansion force of corrosion of steel bars and the surface strain of concrete is established. On the cuboid reinforced concrete specimens with square cross-sections, accelerated corrosion tests are carried out to calibrate and verify the established model. The model can be able to estimate the real-time expansion force of reinforced concrete at any time of the whole process from the initiation of steel corrosion to the end of concrete cracking by measuring the surface strain of concrete. It could be useful for quantitative real-time monitoring of steel corrosion in concrete structures.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are emerging as a novel treatment for patients with refractory/relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), and combination with PD1 inhibitors may further ...improve the efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR (CD19 CAR)-T cells in the treatment of lymphomas. In a single-center study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a combination therapy with CD19 CAR-T cells and an anti-PD-1 antibody (nivolumab) in patients with relapsed/refractory B-NHL. A total of 11 patients with refractory/relapsed B-NHL were recruited and subsequently received CD19 CAR-T cells and nivolumab. The primary end points were safety and feasibility. The infusions were safe, and no dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Grade 1 or 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in 25% (3/11) and 50% (6/11) of the patients, respectively, and only one patient (1/11) experienced neurotoxicity. The objective response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) rate were 81.81% (9/11) and 45.45% (5/11), respectively. The median follow-up time was 6 (1~15) months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 6 months (1~14 months), and 3 patients continued to have a response at the time of this writing. Our study demonstrated that the combination of CD19 CAR-T cells and nivolumab was feasible and safe and mediated potent anti-lymphoma activity, which should be examined further in prospective clinical trials in refractory/relapsed B-NHL.
Three-dimensional digital image correlation has been utilized widely in many fields due to its advantages of non-contact, full-field measurement and simplicity. Based on 3D-DIC measurement system and ...electronic universal testing machine, two uniaxial tension tests for low carbon steel specimen were performed to acquire the true stress–strain curves. An assumption was made that specimen’s cross section keeps as a circle in tension test whose diameter could be determined by calculation of the curvature of surface shape. Therefore, true stress of specific cross section was acquired and hence the true stress–strain curves were obtained. In addition, the evolution of plastic zone of specimen under uniaxial tension was studied as well. And experimental results indicate that at certain time instant of expanding process of plastic zone, region that has already entered the plastic zone and that has not entered such zone yet is keeping in a constant deformed state, while region that is entering the plastic zone provides axial plastic deformation, which is almost equal to crosshead movement of testing machine.
•3D-DIC is used to determine the true stress–strain curves of low carbon steel.•The evolution of plastic zone of low carbon steel is studied as well.•Results verify some plastic theories of ductile material from experimental aspects.•The proposed method could be used for other ductile materials.
In fringe projection profilometry, high-order harmonics information of distorted fringe will lead to errors in the phase estimation. In order to solve this problem, a point-wise phase estimation ...method based on a neural network (PWPE-NN) is proposed in this paper. The complex nonlinear mapping relationship between the gray values and the phase under non-sinusoidal distortion is constructed by using the simple neural network model. It establishes a novel implicit expression for phase solution without complicated measurement operations. Compared with the previous method of combining local image information, it can accurately calculate each phase value by point. The comparison results show that the traditional method is with periodic phase errors, while the proposed method can effectively eliminate phase errors caused by non-sinusoidal phase shifting.
A novel Microcystis bloom caused by Microcystis densa has occurred in a typical subtropical reservoir every spring and summer since 2012, and it has caused several ecological and economic losses. To ...determine the environmental factors that influence the growth and physiological characteristics of M. densa, we investigated the variations in physicochemical factors and M. densa cell density from 2007 to 2017. The results showed that the urea-N concentration increased significantly (from 0.02 ± 0.00–0.20 ± 0.01 mg N l−1), whereas other factors did not vary significantly. NO3−-N and urea-N concentrations were higher than the NH4+-N concentration during the M. densa bloom. The nitrogen composition changed, and urea-N and NO3−-N became a major nitrogen sources in the reservoir. Water temperature and increased urea-N concentrations were the primary factors that influenced variations in M. densa cell density (45.5%, p < 0.05). Laboratory experiments demonstrated that M. densa cultured with urea-N exhibited a higher maximum cell density (9.8 ± 0.5 × 108 cells l−1), more cellular pigments for photosynthesis (chlorophyll a and phycocyanin) and photoprotection (carotenoid), and more proteins than those cultured with NH4+-N and NO3−-N. These results suggested that M. densa cultured with urea-N exhibited preferable growth and physiological conditions. Moreover, M. densa exhibited an increased maximum specific uptake rate (0.93 pg N cell−1 h−1) and reduced half-saturation constant (0.03 mg N l−1) for urea-N compared with NH4+-N and NO3−-N, suggesting that M. densa preferred urea-N as its major nitrogen source. These results collectively indicated that the increasing urea-N concentration was beneficial for the growth and physiological conditions of M. densa. This study provided ten years of field data and detailed physiological information supporting the critical effect of urea-N on the growth of a novel bloom species M. densa. These findings helped to reveal the mechanism of M. densa bloom formation from the perspective of dissolved organic nitrogen.
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•A novel phytoplankton bloom caused by Microcystis densa was reported.•The increase in urea-N concentration played a critical role in M. densa bloom.•Ten years of investigation for physicochemical factors in a subtropical reservoir.•Nitrogen composition has changed in the past decade.•M. densa cells cultured with urea-N had better physiological and growth conditions.
•The strain distribution of the full-field steel plate fatigue during the whole period was measured by DIC method.•The strain characteristic model of the steel plate fatigue cycle process was ...constructed.•A fatigue assessment method based on initial strain and strain change rate was proposed.
Welded steel plates are widely used in several engineering applications. Usually, the material properties of the parent material are prior to the welded structure, which frequently causes the welding joint to fail due to fatigue. Predicting the fatigue life of a material is not a simple task, especially, when considering the welding joint with various constituents. In this study, a strain distribution for a steel plate weld joint was investigated using the digital image correlation technology to estimate the low cycle fatigue life. Using the reconstructed strain, a nonlinear model of strain was presented. Moreover, the rate change of strain was used as a fatigue failure criterion to predict the lifetime. The proposed model considers the strain-rules from two aspects: maximum value and change rate. With the information of the initial strain value, we can achieve the desired prediction for the fatigue life of the steel plate weld joint under the low cycle fatigue loading.
•Compressive mechanical properties of PHSSs are studied through experiments and numerical simulations.•In experiment, the PHSSs in BCC arrangement were produced by 3D printing technology.•The ...deformation of multi cell structure includes linear elastic, large deformation and densification stages.•Effects of structural geometric properties on the Young's modulus and initial yield stress of PHSSs are analyzed by using FEM.•The stiffness and strength of the FCC structure are superior to those of the BCC or SC structure.
The compressive mechanical properties of perforated hollow-sphere structures (PHSSs) are studied through experiments and numerical simulations. In a PHSS, hollow spheres perforated with several holes, which are to open the inner volumes and surface areas of the hollow spheres, are connected in simple cubic (SC), body centered cubic (BCC) or face centered cubic (FCC) pattern. In experiments, the unit cell and multi cell structures in the BCC arrangement are fabricated through 3D printing technology, and the results indicate deformation behaviors similar to those of classic hollow-sphere structures. Then, the effects of geometric properties, such as wall thickness, hole diameter, linking neck radius, and the spatial arrangement of the spheres, on the structural Young's modulus and initial yield stress are calculated and analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). Finally, the relationships between the mechanical properties and relative densities of different sphere arrangements are also obtained by nonlinear fitting.
Accurate prediction of network traffic is very important in allocating network resources. With the rapid development of network technology, network traffic becomes more complex and diverse. The ...traditional network traffic prediction model cannot accurately predict the current network traffic within the effective time. This paper proposes a Network Traffic Prediction Model---NTAM-LSTM, which based on Attention Mechanism with Long and Short Time Memory. Firstly, the model preprocesses the historical dataset of network traffic with multiple characteristics. Then the LSTM network is used to make initial prediction for the processed dataset. Finally, attention mechanism is introduced to get more accurate prediction results. Compared with other network traffic prediction models, NTAM-LSTM prediction model can achieve higher prediction accuracy and take shorter running time.
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