Multimodal sentiment analysis is a technical approach that integrates various modalities to analyze sentiment tendencies or emotional states. Existing challenges encountered by this approach include ...redundancy in independent modal features and a lack of correlation analysis between different modalities, causing insufficient fusion and degradation of result accuracy. To address these issues, this study proposes an innovative multi-channel multimodal joint learning method for image-text sentiment analysis. First, a multi-channel feature extraction module is introduced to comprehensively capture image or text features. Second, effective interaction of multimodal features is achieved by designing modality-wise interaction modules that eliminate redundant features through cross-modal cross-attention. Last, to consider the complementary role of contextual information in sentiment analysis, an adaptive multi-task fusion method is used to merge single-modal context features with multimodal features for enhancing the reliability of sentiment predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 76.98% and 75.32% on the MVSA-Single and MVSA-Multiple datasets, with F1 scores of 76.23% and 75.29%, respectively, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods. This research provides new insights and methods for advancing multimodal feature fusion, enhancing the accuracy and practicality of sentiment analysis.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tobacco and indoor air pollution from smoky coal are major causes of lung cancer in rural Xuanwei County, China. Tuberculosis has been suggested to increase lung cancer risk, but data from prior ...studies are limited. We conducted an analysis of data from a retrospective cohort study of 42,422 farmers in Xuanwei. In 1992, interviewers administered a standardized questionnaire that included lifetime medical history, including tuberculosis. Subjects were followed from 1976, with deaths from lung cancer ascertained through 1996. We used proportional hazards regression to assess the association between tuberculosis and subsequent lung cancer mortality. Tuberculosis was reported by 246 subjects (0.6%), and 2,459 (5.8%) died from lung cancer during follow‐up. Lung cancer mortality was substantially higher in subjects with tuberculosis than in those without (25 vs. 3.1 per 1,000 person‐years). The association was especially pronounced in the first 5 years after tuberculosis diagnosis (hazard ratios HRs ranging 6.7–13) but remained strong 5–9.9 years (HR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3–9.1) and 10+ years (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3–7.3) after tuberculosis. These associations were similar among men and women and among smoky coal users (70.5% of subjects). Adjustment for demographic characteristics, lung disease and tobacco use did not affect results. In Xuanwei, China, tuberculosis is an important risk factor for lung cancer. The increased lung cancer risk, persisting years after a tuberculosis diagnosis, could reflect the effects of chronic pulmonary inflammation and scarring arising from tuberculosis. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract Telomeres are responsible for the protection of the chromosome ends and shortened telomere length has been associated with risk of multiple cancers. Genetic variation in telomere-related ...genes may alter cancer risk associated with telomere length. Using lung cancer cases ( n = 120) and population-based controls ( n = 110) from Xuanwei, China, we analyzed telomere length separately and in conjunction with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the telomere maintenance genes POT1 , TERT , and TERF2 , which we have previously reported were associated with risk of lung cancer in this study. POT1 rs10244817, TERT rs2075786, and TERF2 rs251796 were significantly associated with lung cancer ( ptrend ≤ 0.05). The shortest tertile of telomere length was not significantly associated with risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 0.79–3.18) when compared to the longest tertile of telomere length. When stratified by genotype, there was a suggestion of a dose–response relationship between tertiles of telomere length and risk of lung cancer among the POT1 rs10244817 common variant carriers (OR (95% CI) = 1.33 (0.47–3.75), 3.30 (1.14–9.56), respectively) but not among variant genotype carriers ( pinteraction = 0.05). Our findings provide evidence that telomere length and genetic variation in telomere maintenance genes may be associated with risk of lung cancer susceptibility and warrant replication in larger studies.
Abstract Objectives Lung cancer rates in Xuanwei are the highest in China. In-home use of smoky coal has been associated with lung cancer risk, and the association of smoking and lung cancer risk ...strengthened after stove improvement. Here, we explored the differential association of tobacco use and lung cancer risk by the intensity, duration, and type of coal used. Materials and methods We conducted a population-based case-control study of 260 male lung cancer cases and 260 age-matched male controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for tobacco use was calculated by conditional logistic regression. Results Use of smoky coal was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, and tobacco use was weakly and non-significantly associated with lung cancer risk. When the association was assessed by coal use, the cigarette-lung cancer risk association was null in hazardous coal users and elevated in less hazardous smoky coal users and non-smoky coal users. The risk of lung cancer per cigarette per day decreased as annual use of coal increased (>0–3 tons: OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.17; >3 tons: OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.95–1.03). Among more hazardous coal users, attenuation occured at even low levels of usage (>0–3 tons: OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.91–1.14; >3 tons: OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.97–1.03). Conclusion We found evidence that smoky coal attenuated the tobacco and lung cancer risk association in males that lived in Xuanwei, particularly among users of hazardous coal where even low levels of smoky coal attenuated the association. Our results suggest that the adverse effects of tobacco may become more apparent as China's population continues to switch to cleaner fuels for the home, underscoring the urgent need for smoking cessation in China and elsewhere.
Abstract Objective To test whether improvement in household coal stoves affected the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Xuanwei County, China. Design Retrospective cohort ...study (follow-up 1976-92) comparing incidence of COPD between groups with and without chimneys. Participants 20 453 people born into homes with unvented coal stoves;16 606 (81.2%) subsequently changed to stoves with chimneys. Intervention Installation of a chimney in households in which unvented stoves had been used previously. Results Installation of a chimney was associated with distinct reduction in the incidence of COPD. Compared with people who did not have chimneys, the Cox-modelled risk ratio (relative risk) was 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.70, P < 0.001) in men and 0.75 (0.62 to 0.92, P = 0.005) in women. Modelled risk ratios were robust to different Cox model specifications. Relative risks decreased with time since stove improvement. In both sexes, the reduction in risk became unequivocal about 10 years after stove improvement. Conclusions In Xuanwei, incidence of COPD decreased markedly after household coal stoves were improved.
Abstract Smoky coal contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and has been strongly implicated in etiology of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China. While PAHs form bulky adducts in nuclear DNA, they ...have a 40–90-fold greater affinity for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA content may increase to compensate for mtDNA damage. We conducted a population-based case–control study of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China hypothesizing that mtDNA content is positively associated with lung cancer risk. Cases ( n = 122) and controls ( n = 121) were individually matched on age (±2 years), sex, village of residence, and current fuel type. Lifetime smoky coal use and potential confounders were determined with questionnaires. mtDNA was extracted from sputum and mtDNA content was determined with quantitative PCR. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated with unconditional logistic regression. mtDNA content >157 copies per cell was associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0–3.2) compared with those with ≤157 copies. In summary, mtDNA content was positively associated with lung cancer risk. Furthermore, mtDNA content was more strongly associated with lung cancer risk among older individuals. However, due to the small sample size, additional studies are needed to evaluate this potential association.
Lung cancer rates in Xuanwei County have been among the highest in China for both males and females and have been causally associated with exposure to indoor smoky (bituminous) coal emissions that ...contain very high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. There are numerous coal mines across the County. Although lung cancer risk is strongly associated with the use of smoky coal as a whole, variation in risk by smoky coal subtype has not been characterized as yet. We conducted a population‐based case–control study of 498 lung cancer cases and 498 controls, individually matched to case subjects on age (±2 years) and sex to examine risk by coal subtype. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for coal subtype were calculated by conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, smoky coal use was positively and statistically significantly associated with lung cancer risk, when compared with the use of smokeless coal or wood (OR = 7.7, 95% CI = 4.5–13.3). Furthermore, there was a marked heterogeneity in risk estimates for specific subtypes of smoky coal (test for heterogeneity: p = 5.17 × 10−10). Estimates were highest for coal of the Laibin (OR = 24.8, 95% CI = 12.4–49.6) and Longtan (OR = 11.6, 95% CI = 5.0–27.2) coal types and lower for coal from other subtypes. These findings strongly suggest that in Xuanwei and elsewhere, the carcinogenic potential of coal combustion products can exhibit substantial local variation by specific coal source. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Background: Lung cancer rates in rural Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, are among the highest in China. Residents traditionally burned “smoky” coal in unvented indoor firepits that generated very ...high levels of air pollution. Since the 1970s, most residents have changed from firepits to stoves with chimneys. This study assessed whether lung cancer incidence decreased after this stove improvement. Methods: A cohort of 21 232 farmers, born from 1917 through 1951, was followed retrospectively from 1976 through 1992. All subjects were users of smoky coal who had been born into homes with unvented firepits. During their lifetime, 17 184 subjects (80.9%) changed permanently to stoves with chimneys. A hospital record search detected 1384 cases of lung cancer (6.5%) during follow-up. Associations of stove improvement with lung cancer incidence were analyzed with product-limit plots and multivariable Cox models. In 1995, indoor concentrations of airborne particles and benzoapyrene were compared in Xuanwei homes during smoky coal burning in stoves with chimneys and in unvented stoves or firepits. Results: A long-term reduction in lung cancer incidence was noted after stove improvement. In Cox models, risk ratios (RRs) for lung cancer after stove improvement were 0.59 (95% confidence interval CI = 0.49 to 0.71) in men and 0.54 (95% CI = 0.44 to 0.65) in women (for both, P<.001). Incidence reduction became unequivocal about 10 years after stove improvement. Levels of indoor air pollution during burning with chimneys were less than 35% of levels during unvented burning. Conclusion: Changing from unvented to vented stoves appears to benefit the health of people in China and may do so in other developing countries as well.
Abstract History of chronic lung diseases and household coal use for heating and cooking are established risk factors of lung cancer; however, few studies have been able to explore these risk factors ...simultaneously. Xuanwei, China, has some of the highest rates of lung cancer in China and most residents experience substantial in-home coal smoke exposures. Using a population-based case–control study of 498 lung cancer cases and 498 age-matched controls, we evaluated the risk of lung cancer in relation to coal smoke exposure and history of chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, tuberculosis (TB), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. We observed an increased risk of lung cancer with history of any chronic lung disease among males (OR = 14.2; 95%CI = 4.3–46.9), females (OR = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.1–6.3), smokers (OR = 12.7; 95%CI = 3.5–45.8), and nonsmokers (OR = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.1–6.4). Specifically, TB (OR = 83.7; 95%CI = 11.0–634.7), COPD (OR = 3.2; 95%CI = 1.7–6.0), and emphysema and chronic bronchitis (OR = 3.3; 95%CI = 1.7–6.4) were associated with increased risks. These findings suggest that history of chronic lung diseases may also increase risk of lung cancer in populations with indoor coal smoke exposures.
Common genetic variation may play an important role in altering lung cancer risk. We conducted a pathway-based candidate gene evaluation to identify genetic variations that may be associated with ...lung cancer in a population-based case–control study in Xuan Wei, China (122 cases and 111 controls). A total of 1260 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 380 candidate genes for lung cancer were successfully genotyped and assigned to one of 10 pathways based on gene ontology. Logistic regression was used to assess the marginal effect of each SNP on lung cancer susceptibility. The minP test was used to identify statistically significant associations at the gene level. Important pathways were identified using a test of proportions and the rank truncated product methods. The cell cycle pathway was found as the most important pathway (P = 0.044) with four genes significantly associated with lung cancer (PLA2G6 minP = 0.001, CCNA2 minP = 0.006, GSK3β minP = 0.007 and EGF minP = 0.013), after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Interestingly, most cell cycle genes that were associated with lung cancer in this analysis were concentrated in the AKT signaling pathway, which is essential for regulation of cell cycle progression and cellular survival, and may be important in lung cancer etiology in Xuan Wei. These results should be viewed as exploratory until they are replicated in a larger study.
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