Background
Gastric cancer is a common cancer in China. This project investigated the disease burden of gastric cancer from 1990 to 2019 in China and globally.
Methods
The global age‐standardized ...rates (ASRs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease. Moreover, the estimated annual percentage changes (eAPCs) in the ASRs of incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) were calculated to determine the trends by countries and regions.
Results
In China, the ASIR declined from 37.56 to 30.64 per 100,000 and the ASMR declined from 37.73 to 21.72 per 100,000. The global ASIR decreased from 22.44 to 15.59 and the ASMR declined from 20.48 to 11.88 per 100,000 persons from 1990 to 2019. The ASIR was the lowest in Malawi (3.28 per 100,000) and the highest in Mongolia (43.7 per 100,000), whereas the ASMR was the lowest in the United States of America (3.40 per 100,000) and the highest in Mongolia (40.04 per 100,000) in 2019. The incidence of early‐onset gastric cancer increased in China. The DALYs attributed to gastric cancer presented a slight decrease during the period. China had a higher mortality/incidence ratio (0.845) and 5‐year prevalence (27.6/100,000) than most developed countries.
Conclusion
China presented a steady decline in the incidence and mortality rates for gastric cancer. The global ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs showed a slight rise decrease. Different patterns of gastric cancer rates and temporal trends have been identified in different geographical regions, indicating that specific strategies are needed to prevent the increase in some countries.
This is a report of epidemiologic characterization of gastric cancer in China and globally. This research offers an overview of differential patterns of gastric cancer rates and temporal trends, providing policy‐makers with information needed to forestall the increase in gastric cancer.
Long-chain alkenones in lacustrine settings are potentially excellent biomarkers for the reconstruction of past terrestrial environmental conditions, and have been found in many different types of ...lakes around the globe. A wider range of factors influence the occurrence and distribution of alkenones in lake sediments and waters when compared to marine systems. Lake environmental conditions, such as temperature (in particular) and salinity, are among the key factors controlling alkenone distributions in lacustrine settings. Here we investigated alkenone distribution patterns in lakes of the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, and their possible relationship with environmental conditions, by analyzing paired samples of suspended particulate matter in surface waters and surface sediments. Salinity of investigated lake waters ranges from almost 0 to ∼100
g/L, while temperature variation among the lakes is minimal, effectively eliminating temperature effects on the alkenone distribution patterns observed here. We show that (1) alkenone concentrations vary substantially between the lakes, yet controlling mechanisms remain elusive; (2) C
37/C
38 ratios are substantially lower in the lakes of the Qaidam Basin than in the Lake Qinghai region, probably indicating different alkenone producers in the two regions; and (3) large variations in %C
37:4 (the percentage of the C
37:4 alkenone), determined from both surface waters and sediments, are negatively correlated with salinity. We suggest that the %C
37:4 index could be used as a salinity indicator at least on a regional scale, with careful considerations of other potentially complicating factors. However, potential reasons for why salinity could significantly affect %C
37:4 values need further investigation.
Chronology is a necessary component of paleoclimatology. Radiocarbon dating plays a central role in determining the ages of geological samples younger than ca. 50 ka BP. However, there are many ...limitations for its application, including radiocarbon reservoir effects, which may cause incorrect chronology in many lakes. Here we demonstrate temporal changes in the radiocarbon reservoir age of Lake Xingyun, Southwestern China, where radiocarbon ages based on bulk organic matter have been reported in previous studies. Our new radiocarbon ages, determined from terrestrial plant macrofossils suggest that the radiocarbon reservoir age changed from 960 to 2200 years during the last 8500 cal a BP years. These changes to the reservoir effect were associated with inputs from either pre-aged organic carbon or 14C-depleted hard water in Lake Xingyun caused by hydrological change in the lake system. The radiocarbon reservoir age may in return be a good indicator for the carbon source in lake ecosystems and depositional environment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Paleoclimatic reconstructions on the arid/semi-arid northern Tibetan Plateau are important for understanding the complex interactions between the mid-latitude westerly and subtropical Asian monsoon ...circulations. The development of paleoclimatic reconstructions largely relies on the invention and application of proper quantitative/semi-quantitative temperature and salinity proxies. Over the last few decades, alkenones have shown great potential as indicators of the past temperatures and salinities of lakes on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Several alkenone-based temperature and salinity records have confirmed centennial warm-dry and cold-wet variations during the Holocene on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Herein, we present alkenone-based records from Lake Tuosu in the Qaidam Basin over the last ∼1200 years. The alkenone signals show similar characteristics to published alkenone records in the nearby region during centennial warm periods (the Medieval Warm Period and Current Warm Period). However, the alkenones from Lake Tuosu demonstrate abnormally warm and saline signals during centennial cold periods (mainly during the Little Ice Age), in contrast to the widely recognized cold-wet conditions in the Qaidam Basin. Accordingly, the alkenone records from Lake Tuosu provide an exceptional case for the application of alkenones. The abnormally warm and saline alkenone signals from Lake Tuosu during centennial cold periods cannot be explained by either the presence of the C37:3 alkenone isomer or seasonal bias in alkenone production. Changes in species composition might be an alternative reason for this, which requires a further investigation of the sources of alkenones in lakes in the future.
•Occurrence of alkenones from Lake Tuosu over the last ∼1200 years.•Abnormal warm and saline alkenone signals in the centennial cool-wet periods.•Opposite relation between alkenone records and virtue climates in Lake Tuosu.•Specie turn-over might be the reason for the abnormal warm-saline alkenone signals.
Choledochal cysts are divided into 5 types. Physicians believe that Caroli disease (which refers to type V biliary cysts) is a special type of biliary cyst caused by a mutation in the PKHD1 gene and ...is associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). There is currently no clear association between other types of choledochal cysts and polycystic kidney disease.
We report a 65-year-old male patient with jaundice, decreased appetite, and itchy skin. His biochemistry test results indicated obstructive jaundice disease. Cross-sectional imaging showed a type IVA choledochal cyst accompanied by autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Due to economic difficulties, the patient achieved percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) instead of surgery.
To our knowledge, this is the second case report of the coexistence of type IVA choledochal cysts and ADPKD. We conclude that it is vital to be aware that the above condition is a possibility. This case report will aid earlier diagnosis and management and possibly prevent further damage to liver and kidney function.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
On the Tibetan Plateau, applications of δD and δ18O values in paleoclimate studies tend to be complicated due to multiple processes influencing isotopic compositions in paleoclimatic archives. In ...this study, isotopic compositions of modern waters in the eastern Qaidam Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and δD values of n-fatty acids (n-FA δD) from a sediment core at Hurleg Lake were systematically analyzed to infer hydroclimate controls during the Holocene. The modern water isotopic results show a major contribution of snowmelt water originating from high-elevation mountains to the north of the Qaidam Basin via river and groundwater discharge, and the importance of evaporation in affecting lake water budget in this region. n-C26 FA δD values tend to be more negative at millennial-scale warm-dry periods during the Holocene, and vice versa, opposite to what is commonly expected. Assisted with modern water isotopic results, we infer amplified contribution of snowmelt water to the soil water around this open lake system at warm-dry periods. Meanwhile, changes in n-C16 FA δD values at Hurleg Lake reflect the evolution of isotopic compositions of lake water, thus we use the isotopic difference between n-C26 and n-C16 FA (ΔDC16-C26) to infer hydroclimate and evaporation variations in this region. Based on our data, relatively low n-C26 FA δD and n-C16 FA δD values at 10–6calkaBP indicate large contribution of snowmelt water into the lake during the Holocene Climate Optimum. After 6calkaBP, changes in evaporation became the major control on lake hydrology and led to larger fluctuations of ΔDC16-C26. Our study highlights the importance of systematic analysis on modern processes before using stable isotopes for paleoclimate reconstructions, and demonstrates that δD difference between long-chain and short-chain n-FA might be an effective way to better understand the controlling factor of hydrological variations in a climatic complex region like the Tibetan Plateau.
•Surface water samples show snowmelt water input and evaporation would affect lake hydrology of the Hurleg Lake region.•Changes in n-C26 FA δD values indicate variations of snowmelt water contribution.•Variations in n-C16 FA δD values reflect the evolution of isotopic composition of lake water.•Large contribution of snowmelt water during the early Holocene, while enhanced impact of evaporation after the mid-Holocene•Comparison of δD values between long- and short-chain n-FA might be an effective way to better infer hydroclimate controls.
Abstract We report the detection of the ordered alignment between the magnetic field and kpc-scale bubbles in the nearby spiral galaxy, NGC 628. Applying the Velocity Gradient Technique on CO ...spectroscopic data from the ALMA-PHANGS, the magnetic field of NGC 628 is measured at the scale of 191 pc (∼4″). The large-scale magnetic field is oriented parallel to the spiral arms and curves around the galactic bubble structures in the mid-infrared emission observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. A total of 21 bubble structures have been identified at the edges of spiral arms with scales over 300 pc, which includes two kpc-scale structures. These bubbles are caused by supernova remnants and prolonged star formation and are similar to the outflow chimneys found in neutral hydrogen in galactic disks. At the edge of the bubbles, the shocks traced by the O iii emission present a curved magnetic field that parallels the bubble’s shell. The magnetic field follows the bubble expansion and binds the gas in the shell to trigger further star formation. By analyzing the larger sample of 1694 bubbles, we found a distinct radial-size distribution of bubbles in NGC 628 indicating the star formation history in the galaxy.
Abstract We report high angular resolution observations, made with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array in band 6, of high excitation molecular lines of CH 3 CN and SO 2 and of the H29 α radio ...recombination line toward the G345.0061+01.794 B HC H ii region in order to investigate the physical and kinematical characteristics of its surroundings. Emission was detected in all observed components of the J = 14 →13 rotational ladder of CH 3 CN and in the 30 4,26 –30 3,27 , and 32 4,28 –32 3,29 lines of SO 2 . The peak of the velocity-integrated molecular emission is located ∼0.″4 northwest of the peak of the continuum emission. The first-order moment images and channel maps show a velocity gradient of 1.1 km s −1 arcsec −1 across the source and a distinctive spot of blueshifted emission toward the peak of the zero-order moment. The rotational temperature is found to decrease from 252±24 K at the peak position to 166±16 K at its edge, indicating that our molecular observations are probing a hot molecular core that is internally excited. The emission in the H29 α line arises from a region of 0.″65 in size, where its peak coincides with that of the dust continuum. We model the kinematical characteristics of the “central blue spot” feature as due to infalling motions, suggesting a central mass of 172.8±8.8 M ⊙ . Our observations indicate that this HC H ii region is surrounded by a compact structure of hot molecular gas, which is rotating and infalling toward a central mass, that is most likely confining the ionized region. The observed scenario is reminiscent of a “butterfly pattern” with an approximately edge-on torus and ionized gas roughly parallel to its rotation axis.
Abstract
We study the magnetic field structures in six giant filaments associated with the spiral arms of the Milky Way by applying the velocity gradient technique (VGT) to the
13
CO spectroscopic ...data from the GRS, FUGIN, and SEDIGSM surveys. Unlike dust-polarized emission, the VGT allows us to separate the foreground and background using the velocity information, from which the orientation of the magnetic field can be reliably determined. We find that in most cases the magnetic fields stay aligned with the filament bodies, which are parallel to the disk midplane. Among these, G29, G47, and G51 exhibit smooth magnetic fields, and G24, G339, and G349 exhibit discontinuities. The fact that most filaments have magnetic fields that stay aligned with the Galactic disk midplane suggests that Galactic shear may be responsible for shaping the filaments. The fact that the magnetic field can stay regular at the resolution of our analysis (≲10 pc), where the turbulence crossing time is short compared to the shear time, suggests that turbulent motion cannot effectively disrupt the regular orientation of the magnetic field. The discontinuities found in some filaments can be caused by processes including filament reassembly, gravitational collapse, and stellar feedback.
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