Since 1987, when Professor Sherwood Gorbach discovered, characterized, and commercialized the first probiotic
, a total of over 17,000 publications have been indexed in PubMed under "probiotic" and ..."health", which is an extensive amount of research on the specific bacteria and yeasts defined as "live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, exert a health benefit on the host" ....
AIM： To assess the mucosa-associated bacterial microflora and mucus layer in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）.
METHODS： Sixty-one adolescents （mean age 15 years, SD ± 4.13） were ...included in the study. Intestinal biopsies from inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and from controls with functional abdominal pain were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The number of microbes belonging to the same group was calculated per weight of collected tissue. The mucus thickness in frozen samples was measured under a fluorescent microscope.
RESULTS： The ratios of different bacterial groups in inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of IBD patients and controls were specific for particular diseases, Streptococcus spp. were predominant in the inflamed mucosa of Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients （80% of all bacteria）, and Lactobacillus spp. were predominant in ulcerative colitis patients （90%）. The differences were statistically significant （P = 0.01-0.001）. Lower number of bifidobacteria was observed in the whole IBD group. A relation was also found between clinical and endoscopic severity and decreased numbers of Lactobacillus and, to a lesser extent, of Streptococcus in biopsies from CD patients. The mucus layer in the inflamed sites was significantly thinner as compared to controls （P = 0.0033） and to non-inflamed areas in IBD patients （P = 0.031）.
CONCLUSION： The significantly thinner mucosa of IBD patients showed a predominance of some aerobes specific for particular diseases, their numbers decreased in relation to higher clinical and endoscopic activity of the disease.
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of human health. Numerous factors, including the mode of delivery, impact early gut colonization in newborns. Recent research focuses on the ...use of probiotics in the prevention of gut dysbiosis in newborns delivered by cesarean section (CS). The objective of this study was to determine whether a probiotic supplement given to newborns delivered by CS during their stay in the maternity ward alters the pattern of early gut colonization by lactic acid bacteria versus potential pathogens. A prospective, randomized trial was conducted. In total, 150 newborns, born at 38-40 weeks gestational age and delivered by CS, were included in the study. They were randomized into the intervention group, supplemented orally with a probiotic containing
PB04 and
KL53A, and the control group. Stool samples were obtained on days 5 and 6 of life and after one month of life and were analyzed for the presence and abundance of the main groups of bacteria. An application of two probiotic bacteria during the first days of life after CS resulted in quick and abundant colonization by days 5 and 6, with high populations of
and
. The applied bacterial strains were present in the majority of neonates one month after. The supplementation of term neonates delivered by cesarean section immediately after birth with a mixture of
and
enriched the gut microbiota composition with lactic acid bacteria.
The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), antibiotic consumption and the usefulness of microbiological tests in very low birth weight (VLBW) Polish ...newborns.
Prospective surveillance was performed in the year 2009 by local infection control teams. The study covered 910 infants hospitalized in six Polish neonatal intensive care units. Two kinds of indicators were used for the description of antibiotic usage: the duration of treatment (days of treatment, DOTs) and the defined daily dose (DDD).
NEC incidence was 8.7% and fatality rate was 19%. Chorioamnionitis, late gestational age and low birth weight were identified as risk factors for NEC. Catheterization, mechanical ventilation and other selected procedures were used considerably longer in newborns with NEC than in the remaining neonates. Total usage of antibiotics reached 2.9 DDDs or 1.437 days; the average use of drugs per case of NEC amounted to 0.47 DDD or 23.2 DOTs. The level of antibiotic usage was analysed with correlation to microbiological tests performed and it was non-significantly greater in the group of children with NEC in whom the tests were performed.
A high risk of developing NEC is closely associated with VLBW and with inflammation of the amnion during labour. We observed no relationship between the consumption of antibiotics in neonates with NEC and positive results of microbiological testing indicating sepsis accompanying NEC or gut colonization with pathogens.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Mortality factors for residents with disability include older age, male gender, poor nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form <12), and urinary incontinence.•A low-dose aspirin had ...beneficial effect on long-term survival of residents with disability.•The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form scale may be a useful tool for assessing long-term survival in nursing home residents.
There is a gap in the literature regarding the analysis of long-term survival and mortality risk factors among disabled and multimorbid institutionalized populations. The study aimed to analyze 9-year survival, investigate mortality factors, and develop an explanatory survival model for nursing home residents.
A retrospective cohort study with a 9-year follow-up (2009–2018) was conducted among 96 residents of a nursing home with Barthel index ≤ 40. The study was based on baseline measurements performed in 2009, which included results obtained on geriatric scales: Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) and Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS). Information on demographics, comorbidities, pharmacotherapy, transfers and deaths came from medical records. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate and present survival data. Factors associated with mortality were determined using Cox proportional hazard models.
The median survival was 2.9 years. Mortality during the follow-up period was 83%. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that residents with normal nutritional status (p = 0.002) and taking aspirin (p = 0.005) had a better 9-year survival. The multivariable Cox regression model revealed that the risk of mortality (Hazard Ratio, HR) increased in older age (HR=1.04), male gender (HR=2.08), with risk of malnutrition (HR=3.91), malnutrition (HR=4.84), and presence of urinary incontinence (HR=2.14). The aspirin use was the strongest protective factor against death (HR=0.40).
The aspirin use was associated with better long-term survival for nursing home residents. Factors associated with higher mortality among residents include older age, male gender, poor nutritional status, and urinary incontinence.
We are the first to report the beneficial effects of a low-dose of aspirin on the long-term survival of disabled, institutionalized populations with multimorbidity. Furthermore, this study presents an explanatory model of survival for nursing home residents and identifies the long-term mortality risk factors among disabled residents with multimorbidity.
As indicated in the introduction to this Special Issue, as of 2020, the original genus
comprised over 260 recognized species, a figure which is probably much higher now ....
Commercially available polypropylene foil was pretreated with a low temperature oxygen plasma and covered with a thin film of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide by dip coating. The films were then ...photosensitized by titanium(IV) surface charge transfer complexes formed by impregnation with catechol. The photoactivity of the coatings up to 460 nm was confirmed by photoelectrochemical measurements. The photoinactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by a glass adhesion test based on ISO 27447:2009(E) in the presence of visible light. The coating showed good antimicrobial activity induced by light from a light-emitting diode (405 nm), in particular towards E. coli ATCC 25922 strain. Adaptation of ISO 27447:2009(E) to assess bacterial photoinactivation by photocatalytic coatings will allow this procedure to be applied for the comparison of photoactivity under a range of irradiation conditions.
Visible light induced photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger) was tested. Carbon-doped ...titanium dioxide and TiO2 modified with platinum(IV) chloride complexes were used as suspension or immobilised at the surface of plastic plates. A biocidal effect was observed under visible light irradiation in the case of E. coli in the presence of both photocatalysts. The platinum(IV) modified titania exhibited a higher inactivation effect, also in the absence of light. The mechanism of visible light induced photoinactivation is briefly discussed. The observed detrimental effect of photocatalysts on various microorganism groups decreases in the order: E. coli > S. aureus approximately E. faecalis>>C. albicans approximately A. niger. This sequence results most probably from differences in cell wall or cell membrane structures in these microorganisms and is not related to the ability of catalase production.
To determine the features of Enterococcus that contribute to the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Multiplex polymerase chain ...reaction (PCR) was applied to assess the presence of genes that encode virulence factors surface aggregating protein (asa1), gelatinase (gelE), cytolysin (cylA), extracellular surface protein (esp) and hyaluronidase (hyl) in the genomic DNA of 28 strains of Enterococcus isolated from the intestinal tissues of children with IBD (n = 16) and of children without IBD (controls; n = 12). Additionally, strains with confirmed presence of the gelE gene were tested by PCR for the presence of quorum sensing genes (fsrA, fsrB, fsrC) that control the gelatinase production. Gelatinase activity was tested on agar plates containing 1.6% gelatin. We also analysed the ability of Enterococcus strains to release and decompose hydrogen peroxide (using Analytical Merckoquant peroxide test strips) and tested their ability to adhere to Caco-2 human gut epithelium cells and form biofilms in vitro.
A comparison of the genomes of Enterococcus strains isolated from the inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD with those of the control group showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of the asa1 gene and the gelE gene. Furthermore, the cumulative occurrence of different virulence genes in the genome of a single strain of Enterococcus isolated from the IBD patient group is greater than in a strain from the control group, although no significant difference was found. Statistically significant differences in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and adherence to the Caco-2 epithelial cell line between the strains from the patient group and control group were demonstrated. The results also showed that profuse biofilm production was more frequent among Enterococcus strains isolated from children with IBD than in control strains.
Enterococcus strains that adhere strongly to the intestinal epithelium, form biofilms and possess antioxidant defence mechanisms seem to have the greatest influence on the inflammatory process.
This study examines the dual role of Escherichia coli in the course of ulcerative colitis (UC). The intestinal microbiota is considered to play an important role in UC pathogenesis, but how E. coli ...contributes to inflammation in UC is still unknown. On the one hand, we demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the number of E. coli at the sites of inflammation in patients with UC, which can lead to immune system activation, whilst, on the other hand, E. coli may contribute to the resolution of inflammatory reactions since E. coli can inhibit hydroxyl radical formation by eliminating substrates of the Fenton reaction, by assimilating ferrous iron (Fe
) and inducing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H
O
). On this way, E. coli may affect the initiation and/or prolongation of remission stages of UC.
Ten E. coli strains were isolated from the colonic mucosa of patients in the acute phase of UC. Using PCR, we examined the presence of genes encoding catalases (katG and katE) and proteins participating in iron acquisition (feoB, fepA, fhuA, fecA, iroN, fyuA, and iutA) in these E. coli strains. To determine if iron ions influence the growth rate of E. coli and its ability to decompose H
O
, we grew E. coli in defined culture media without iron (M9(-)) or with ferrous ions (M9(Fe
)). Expression levels of genes encoding catalases were examined by real-time PCR.
All investigated E. coli strains had catalase genes (katG, katE), genes coding for receptors for Fe
(feoB) and at least one of the genes responsible for iron acquisition related to siderophores (fepA, fhuA, fecA, iroN, fyuA, iutA). E. coli cultured in M9(Fe
) grew faster than E. coli in M9(-). The presence of Fe
in the media contributed to the increased rate of H
O
decomposition by E. coli and induced katG gene expression.
E. coli eliminates substrates of the Fenton reaction by assimilating Fe
and biosynthesizing enzymes that catalyze H
O
decomposition. Thus, E. coli can inhibit hydroxyl radical formation, and affects the initiation and/or prolongation of remission stages of UC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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