Emotional Forecasting of Happiness Hege Kristin, Ringnes; Stålsett, Gry; Hegstad, Harald ...
Archive for the psychology of religion,
12/2017
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of this study was to explore which group-based emotion regulation goals and strategies are offered in the group culture of Jehovah's Witnesses (jws). Based on interviews with 29 group-active ...jws in Norway, a thematic analysis was conducted in which an overall pattern of cognition taking precedence over emotions was found. Due to end-time expectations and a long-term goal of eternal life in Paradise, future emotions were prioritized. The emotion regulation strategies identified among jws were social sharing and the interconnected cognitive reappraisal. A new concept, emotional forecasting, was introduced, describing a reappraisal tactic of regulation using prospects of future emotions to regulate the here and now. It was concluded that the prospection of the future is a strong regulator of emotions of the here and now and should be included in psychological models of emotion regulation.
A variety of eHealth services are available and commonly used by the general public. eHealth has the potential to engage and empower people with managing their health. The prerequisite is, however, ...that eHealth services are adapted to the sociocultural heterogeneity of the user base and are available in a language and with contents that fit the users' preference, skills, and abilities. Pakistani immigrants in the Oslo area, Norway, have a much higher risk of Type-2 diabetes (T2D) than their Norwegian counterparts do. In spite of having access to information and communication technology (ICT) and the Internet, ICT skills in this population are reported to be relatively low. Further, there is insufficient information about their use of and attitudes toward eHealth services, necessitating investigation of this group in particular.
This study targets first-generation immigrants from Pakistan living in the Oslo area and examines their use of and attitudes toward eHealth services, specifically: information searches, communication using ICT, and use of ICT for self-management or decision making, all concerning T2D.
Due to a high prevalence of low literacy among the target population, we employed questionnaire-based individual interviews. The questionnaire was developed by implementing potentially relevant theoretical constructs (technology acceptance model (TAM) and health belief model (HBM)) as measures. To explore issues around language, culture, and general ICT skills, we also implemented questions that we assume were particularly relevant in the context studied but do not appear in any theoretical frameworks. The questionnaire was revised to reflect results of a pilot study involving 10 participants. We employed culturally sensitive sampling methods to reach informants who could otherwise fail to be included in the survey.
This paper presents a survey protocol. The data collection is ongoing. The aim is to collect 200 responses in total by March 2016.
For eHealth to become an influential social innovation, equal access to eHealth services regardless of users' language, culture, and ICT skills is a prerequisite. Results from this study will be of importance for understanding how people who may not maximally benefit from eHealth services today could be targeted in the future.
Personer med utviklingshemming er i dag hovedsakelig ekskludert fra ordinært arbeidsliv. Rask innvilgelse av uføretrygd og tilbud om jobb i skjermet virksomhet medfører at denne gruppen blir lite ...prioritert hos Nav med tanke på å få hjelp til arbeidsdeltakelse i ordinært arbeidsliv. I artikkelen undersøker jeg hvilken forståelse av funksjonshemming Nav-veilederne uttrykker, men også hvilken forståelse som ligger implisitt i systemet, i regelverk og lover, samt hvordan dette praktiseres hos Nav. Jeg drøfter følgende problemstilling: Hvordan kan Navs forståelse av funksjonshemming påvirke arbeidsinkludering av personer med utviklingshemming? Artikkelen er basert på en kvalitativ studie av arbeidsinkludering av personer med utviklingshemming og intervju med veiledere hos Nav. Studien viser at dagens praksis hos Nav overfor utviklingshemmede bærer preg av en medisinsk forståelse av funksjonshemming der manglende arbeidsdeltakelse langt på vei forklares ut fra den enkeltes funksjonsnedsettelse – utviklingshemmingen. Dette kommer også til uttrykk i Nav-veiledernes holdninger. En slik forståelse av funksjonshemming bidrar til å hemme økt arbeidsdeltakelse ved at denne gruppen ikke blir prioritert hos Nav. De defineres ut av Navs ansvarsområde, og de som tilbys et arbeid, «tas hånd om» av arbeidsinkluderingsbedriften på oppdrag fra Nav. Dette legitimeres gjennom en argumentasjon som hviler på en medisinsk forståelse av funksjonshemming.
Purpose This study examines how the World Para Snow Sports Championship 2021 was leveraged to create para sport outcomes. The purpose of this study is to add to the knowledge of how different ...organisations can create positive para sport legacies from elite para sport events. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative case study used interviews with representatives from key stakeholders and archival materials as main sources. An event leverage model was used to better understand the context, structures, and resources relevant to the development of para sport outcomes. Findings The main findings show how a variety of organisations set goals and implemented strategies to create para sport legacies. While the short-term increase in para sport participation remained rather limited, the new infrastructure, new para sport policies, and increased awareness of para sport were the main para sport legacy outcomes. Research limitations/implications The main contribution of this study is empirical knowledge on how different organisations can leverage a para sport event to create legacies for para sport. Future research can examine the perspectives of additional groups, such as other athletes, spectators, and people with disabilities. Practical implications For organisations involved in para sport, this study shows the opportunities and challenges of using a sport event to recruit new para sport participants. Originality/value While there are some studies on the legacy outcomes of the Paralympic Games, this study focuses on a different para sport event and adopts the leverage perspective.
This study focuses on the requirement of JWs to refuse medical blood transfusions. We identified a life–death cognitive dissonance among JWs, with the opposing cognitions of being willing to ...sacrifice life by religious standards, while being unwilling to do so. Using a theory that connects cognitive dissonance with the need to regulate difficult emotions to analyze our qualitative data material, we identified two sets of dissonance reduction strategies among the JWs. Set 1 was tied to the individual-group: selective focus on eternal life, a non-blood support and control system, and increased individualization of treatment choices. Set 2 was in the religion versus medicine intersection: denial of risk combined with optimism, perception of blood as dangerous, and use of medical language to underscore religious doctrine.
Analysis of measurable residual disease (MRD) is a powerful tool for assessment of treatment response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In patients with mutation in NPM1, reverse transcription ...quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is recommended by European Leukemia Net for refinement of risk stratification and monitoring after treatment. However, since RT-qPCR is mutation-specific and requires stringent quality control, many clinical laboratories restrict NPM1 monitoring to the type A mutation (c.860_863dupTCTG) although >50 mutations have been reported in exon 12. Deep sequencing is an alternative method, performed on DNA, that covers all NPM1 exon 12variants in the same assay. Guidelines for its clinical use are however lacking. We here performed a retrospective analysis in a population-based cohort of AML patients to evaluate if deep sequencing MRD analysis of NPM1 during chemotherapy provides prognostic information. Adult patients with AML with mutated NPM1 treated with curative intent in our region during 2006-2016 who achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) were eligible for the study. This time period was chosen to avoid inclusion of patients treated based on molecular MRD status. Through review of the national AML registry, clinical charts, and screening of diagnostic samples, 99 patients with mutated NPM1 were identified. Of these, 97 patients (60 women and 37 men, median age 64 years, range 19-82) had bone marrow slides for isolation of DNA from at least one time point during treatment. DNA from 257 bone marrow aspirate slides were assessed for MRD using deep sequencing of NPM1. Based on previous comparison with RT-qPCR (Pettersson et al, Int J Lab Hematol 2021;43:664-674), variant allele frequency (VAF) of ≥0.05% was chosen as cut-off to define deep sequencing MRD positivity (MRD pos). For subgroup analyses, patients were divided into groups of treatment intensity; high-dose (cytarabine- and daunorubicin-based, n=67) or low-dose (cytarabine- and daunorubicin-, or azacytidine-based, n=30) treatment regimens. Thirty-one patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). We first evaluated if deep sequencing MRD status during consolidation (n=70, analyzed after 2 or 3 cycles) had an impact on prognosis. Both 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) (26.7±11.4% vs 71.6±6.2%, p=<0.001, Figure) and overall survival (OS) (33.3±12.2% vs 72.7±6%, p=0.004) were lower for patients that were MRD pos at any time point during consolidation than for MRD neg patients. Among MRD pos patients, 12/15 (80%) relapsed and 13/15 (87%) died, compared to 19/55 (35%) and 23/55 (42%) MRD neg patients. In univariate analyses, also age and treatment intensity, but not alloSCT or DNMT3A mutation status, predicted RFS and OS. FLT3-ITD predicted OS but not RFS, and there was no effect of FLT3-ITD allelic ratio. In Cox regression multivariate analysis including MRD, age, FLT3-ITD and treatment intensity, MRD pos was the only significant predictor of RFS (Hazard ratio (HR): 2.54, p=0.019). In the multivariate analysis, FLT3-ITD (HR: 2.43, p=0.014) and treatment intensity (HR: 0.43, p=0.035) were significant for OS (MRD pos HR: 1.75, p=0.13). When dividing the cohort based on treatment intensity, the effect of MRD status was most obvious in patients treated with low-dose regimens. When deep sequencing MRD analysis was performed post first cycle (n=96), it had no statistically significant effect on either RFS or OS. At the end of treatment (n=51), deep sequencing MRD status had a strong prognostic value with 3-year RFS and OS for MRD pos patients 30±14.5% and 40±15.5%, compared to 73.2±6.9% and 78±6.5% for MRD neg patients ( p=0.003 and p=0.006, respectively). In summary, this population-based study shows that MRD status by deep sequencing of NPM1 is predictive of both RFS and OS when assessed during or after consolidation. The study confirms the threshold of deep sequencing MRD pos of VAF 0.05% previously obtained by comparison with RT-qPCR. Since deep sequencing can be used for all NPM1 mutations, it is widely applicable and extends the use of molecular MRD analysis and risk refinement to patients with rare mutations in NPM1.
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