Skin-compatible printed stretchable conductors that combine a low gauge factor with a high durability over many strain cycles are still a great challenge. Here, a graphene nanoplatelet-based ...colloidal ink utilizing a skin-compatible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) binder with adjustable rheology is developed. Stretchable conductors that remain conductive even under 100% strain and demonstrate high fatigue resistance to cyclic strains of 20–50% are realized via printing on TPU. The sheet resistances of these conductors after drying at 120 °C are as low as 34 Ω □–1 mil–1. Furthermore, photonic annealing at several energy levels is used to decrease the sheet resistance to <10 Ω □–1 mil–1, with stretchability and fatigue resistance being preserved and tunable. The high conductivity, stretchability, and cyclic stability of printed tracks having excellent feature definition in combination with scalable ink production and adjustable rheology bring the high-volume manufacturing of stretchable wearables into scope.
The comparison of the genomes of two very closely related human mucosal
pathogens, Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
has helped define the essential functions of a self-replicating ...minimal cell,
as well as what constitutes a mycoplasma. Here we report the complete sequence
of a more distant phylogenetic relative of those bacteria, Ureaplasma urealyticum
(parvum biovar), which is also a mucosal pathogen of humans. It
is the third mycoplasma to be sequenced, and has the smallest sequenced prokaryotic
genome except for M. genitalium. Although the U. urealyticum
genome is similar to the two sequenced mycoplasma genomes,
features make this organism unique among mycoplasmas and all bacteria. Almost
all ATP synthesis is the result of urea hydrolysis, which generates an energy-producing
electrochemical gradient. Some highly conserved eubacterial enzymes appear
not to be encoded by U. urealyticum, including the cell-division protein
FtsZ, chaperonins GroES and GroEL, and ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase.
U. urealyticum has six closely related iron transporters, which apparently
arose through gene duplication, suggesting that it has a kind of respiration
system not present in other small genome bacteria The genome is only 25.5%
G+C in nucleotide content, and the G+C content of individual genes may predict
how essential those genes are to ureaplasma survival.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
NGC 922 - a new drop-through ring galaxy Wong, O. I.; Meurer, G. R.; Bekki, K. ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
08/2006, Letnik:
370, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We have found the peculiar galaxy NGC 922 to be a new drop-through ring galaxy using multiwavelength (ultraviolet-radio) imaging and spectroscopic observations. Its 'C'-shaped morphology and tidal ...plume indicate a recent strong interaction with its companion which was identified with these observations. Using numerical simulations we demonstrate that the main properties of the system can be generated by a high-speed off-axis drop-through collision of a small galaxy with a larger disc system, thus making NGC 922 one of the nearest known collisional ring galaxies. While these systems are rare in the local Universe, recent deep Hubble Space Telescope images suggest they were more common in the early Universe.
We have used two new dye sets for automated dye-labeled terminator DNA sequencing. One set consists of four, 4,7-dichlororhodamine dyes (d-rhodamines). The second set consists of energy-transfer dyes ...that use the 5-carboxy-d-rhodamine dyes as acceptor dyes and the 5- or 6-carboxy isomers of 4′-aminomethylfluorescein as the donor dye. Both dye sets utilize a new linker between the dye and the nucleotide, and both provide more even peak heights in terminator sequencing than the dye-terminators consisting of unsubstituted rhodamine dyes. The unsubstituted rhodamine terminators produced electropherograms in which weak G peaks are observed after A peaks and occasionally C peaks. The number of weak G peaks has been reduced or eliminated with the new dye terminators. The improved signal-to-noise ratio of the energy-transfer dye-labeled terminators combined with more even peak heights results in successful sequencing of high molecular weight DNA templates such as bacterial artificial chromosome DNA.
We have synthesized a set of four energy transfer dyes and demonstrated their use in automated DNA sequencing. The donor dyes are the 5- or 6-carboxy isomers of 4′-aminomethylfluorescein and the ...acceptor dyes are a novel set of four 4,7-dichloro-substituted rhodamine dyes which have narrower emission spectra than the standard, unsubstituted rhodamines. A rigid amino acid linker, 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid, was used to separate the dyes. The brightness of each dye in an automated sequencing instrument equipped with a dual line argon ion laser (488 and 514 nm excitation) was 2–2.5 times greater than the standard dye-primers with a 2 times reduction in multicomponent noise. The overall improvement in signal-to-noise was 4- to 5-fold. The utility of the new dye set was demonstrated by sequencing of a BAC DNA with an 80 kb insert. Measurement of the extinction coefficients and the relative quantum yields of the dichlororhodamine components of the energy transfer dyes showed their values were reduced by 20–25% compared with the dichlororhodamine dyes alone.
An early key event in the activation of neutrophil granulocytes is Ca(2+) influx. Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family may be held responsible for this. The aim of the ...present study is to analyse the expression pattern of TRP mRNA and identify characteristic currents unambiguously attributable to particular TRP channels. mRNA was extracted from human neutrophils, isolated by gradient centrifugation and also by magnetically labelled CD15 antibodies. The presence of mRNA was demonstrated using reverse transcriptase-PCR in neutrophils (controlled to be CD5-negative) as well as in human leukaemic cell line 60 (HL-60) cells, for the following TRP species: the long TRPC2 (LTRPC2), the vanilloid receptor 1, the vanilloid receptor-like protein 1 and epithelial Ca(2+) channels 1 and 2. TRPC6 was specific for neutrophils, whereas only in HL-60 cells were TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC3, melastatin 1 and melastatin-related 1 found. Patch-clamp measurements in neutrophils revealed non-selective cation currents evoked by intracellular ADP-ribose and by NAD(+). Both these modes of activation have been found to be characteristic of LTRPC2. Furthermore, single-channel activity was resolved in neutrophils and it was indistinguishable from that in LTRPC2-transfected HEK-293 cells. The results provide evidence that LTRPC2 in neutrophil granulocytes forms an entry pathway for Na(+) and Ca(2+), which is regulated by ADP-ribose and the redox state.
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