Gravitational Wave interferometers achieve their profound sensitivity by combining a Michelson interferometer with optical cavities, suspended masses, and now, squeezed quantum states of light. These ...states modify the measurement process of the LIGO, VIRGO and GEO600 interferometers to reduce the quantum noise that masks astrophysical signals; thus, improvements to squeezing are essential to further expand our gravitational view of the universe. Further reducing quantum noise will require both lowering decoherence from losses as well more sophisticated manipulations to counter the quantum back-action from radiation pressure. Both tasks require fully understanding the physical interactions between squeezed light and the many components of km-scale interferometers. To this end, data from both LIGO observatories in observing run three are expressed using frequency-dependent metrics to analyze each detector's quantum response to squeezed states. The response metrics are derived and used to concisely describe physical mechanisms behind squeezing's simultaneous interaction with transverse-mode selective optical cavities and the quantum radiation pressure noise of suspended mirrors. These metrics and related analysis are broadly applicable for cavity-enhanced optomechanics experiments that incorporate external squeezing, and -- for the first time -- give physical descriptions of every feature so far observed in the quantum noise of the LIGO detectors.
We validate, extend, and empirically and theoretically criticize the cultural dimension of humane orientation of the project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness ...Research Program). Theoretically, humane orientation is not just a one-dimensionally positive concept about being caring, altruistic, and kind to others as discussed by Kabasakal and Bodur (2004), but there is also a certain ambivalence to this concept. We suggest differentiating humane orientation toward in-group members from humane orientation toward out-group members. A multicountry construct validation study used student samples from 25 countries that were either high or low in humane orientation (N = 876) and studied their relation to the traditional GLOBE scale and other cultural-level measures (agreeableness, religiosity, authoritarianism, and welfare state score). Findings revealed a strong correlation between humane orientation and agreeableness, welfare state score, and religiosity. Out-group humane orientation proved to be the more relevant subfacet of the original humane orientation construct, suggesting that future research on humane orientation should make use of this measure instead of the vague original scale. The ambivalent character of out-group humane orientation is displayed in its positive correlation to high authoritarianism. Patriotism was used as a control variable for noncritical acceptance of one’s society but did not change the correlations. Our findings are discussed as an example of how rigid expectations and a lack of tolerance for diversity may help explain the ambivalent nature of humane orientation.
Noise due to scattered light has been a frequent disturbance in the Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors, hindering the detection of gravitational waves. The non stationary scatter noise caused ...by low frequency motion can be recognized as arches in the time-frequency plane of the gravitational wave channel. In this paper, we characterize the scattering noise for LIGO's third observing run O3 from April, 2019 to March, 2020. We find at least two different populations of scattering noise and we investigate the multiple origins of one of them as well as its mitigation. We find that relative motion between two specific surfaces is strongly correlated with the presence of scattered light and we implement a technique to reduce this motion. We also present an algorithm using a witness channel to identify the times this noise can be present in the detector.
We investigated the association between problematic use of alcohol and/or drugs (PUAD) and the incidence, urgency, and mode of discharge for a subsequent episode of self-harm (SH) or suicidal ...ideation (SI).
This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of individuals admitted to hospital for an index episode of SH/SI (2010-2014) using linked data from hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) presentations. The outcome variables were (1) subsequent presentation to the ED for SH/SI, (2) triage category, and (3) mode of departure. Key predictors were PUAD.
In total, 23,007 individuals were admitted to hospital for an index SH/SI, of whom 8% had a subsequent presentation to an ED for SH/SI within a year. The odds of subsequent presentation was increased in those with problematic alcohol use (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.36, 1.92), drug use (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07, 1.53), and mental health diagnoses (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.44, 1.85). Those with problematic alcohol use were more likely to be assigned to the most urgent triage categories (AOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.32, 2.56).
Defining SH and PUAD using administrative data is challenging, and the true prevalence is likely to be underestimated.
The findings underscore the importance of drug health intervention as a key component of self-harm prevention.
On April 1st, 2019, the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO), joined by the Advanced Virgo detector, began the third observing run, a year-long dedicated search for ...gravitational radiation. The LIGO detectors have achieved a higher duty cycle and greater sensitivity to gravitational waves than ever before, with LIGO Hanford achieving angle-averaged sensitivity to binary neutron star coalescences to a distance of 111 Mpc, and LIGO Livingston to 134 Mpc with duty factors of 74.6% and 77.0% respectively. The improvement in sensitivity and stability is a result of several upgrades to the detectors, including doubled intracavity power, the addition of an in-vacuum optical parametric oscillator for squeezed-light injection, replacement of core optics and end reaction masses, and installation of acoustic mode dampers. This paper explores the purposes behind these upgrades, and explains to the best of our knowledge the noise currently limiting the sensitivity of each detector.
Background. The management of obesity with its associated morbidity and mortality is a growing problem in primary care practices. Despite numerous recommendations in response to this challenge, ...weight management interventions still yield poor results. This is partly due to a discrepancy between physicians' and patients' understanding of the problem and possible solutions.
Objective. This study analyses patients' and physicians' visions for the future management of obesity.
Methods. Qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews were performed. Physicians and patients were asked about their individual needs, experience and views regarding the management of obesity. Fifteen GPs and 15 overweight patients participated in this study. Interviews were transcribed and submitted to qualitative content analysis.
Results. The investigation reveals a high level of agreement between the two groups with regard to communication requirements for successful care. Both groups stressed the need for multimodal care concepts inside and outside of GP practices. Both also addressed the current overburdening of outpatient care structures in dealing with the management of obesity.
Conclusion. Options should be developed for closer cooperation between GPs and support facilities inside and outside practices.
Measurement of minuscule forces and displacements with ever greater precision encounters a limit imposed by a pillar of quantum mechanics: the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. A limit to the ...precision with which the position of an object can be measured continuously is known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). When light is used as the probe, the SQL arises from the balance between the uncertainties of photon radiation pressure imposed on the object and of the photon number in the photoelectric detection. The only possibility surpassing the SQL is via correlations within the position/momentum uncertainty of the object and the photon number/phase uncertainty of the light it reflects. Here, we experimentally prove the theoretical prediction that this type of quantum correlation is naturally produced in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Our measurements show that the quantum mechanical uncertainties in the phases of the 200 kW laser beams and in the positions of the 40 kg mirrors of the Advanced LIGO detectors yield a joint quantum uncertainty a factor of 1.4 (3dB) below the SQL. We anticipate that quantum correlations will not only improve gravitational wave (GW) observatories but all types of measurements in future.
Many survivors of critical illness suffer from long-lasting physical, cognitive, and mental health sequelae. The number of affected patients is expected to markedly increase due to the COVID-19 ...pandemic. Many ICU survivors receive long-term care from a primary care physician. Hence, awareness and appropriate management of these sequelae is crucial. An interdisciplinary authorship team participated in a narrative literature review to identify key issues in managing COVID-19 ICU-survivors in primary care. The aim of this perspective paper is to synthesize important literature to understand and manage sequelae of critical illness due to COVID-19 in the primary care setting.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bislang liegen in Deutschland wenige forschungspraktische Erfahrungen zur Umsetzung von Versorgungsstudien im Notaufnahmekontext vor.
Ziel der Arbeit
Der Beitrag ...beschreibt das Monitoring einer multizentrischen prospektiven Kohortenstudie im Notaufnahmesetting und diskutiert Anforderungen an eine Kontrolle und Steuerung der Datenerhebung.
Material und Methoden
In 8 Notaufnahmen in Berlin-Mitte werden Patienten mit kardialen Beschwerden, Atemwegsinfekten und proximalen Femurfrakturen von Study Nurses rekrutiert. Die Ein- und Ausschlusszahlen sowie Nonrespondergründe wurden deskriptiv analysiert. Als Indikatoren zur Prüfung systematischer Abweichungen zwischen Teilnehmern und Nonrespondern fungierten die Ausschöpfungsquoten sowie Alter und Geschlecht. Inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden qualitative Daten aus regelmäßigen Supervisions- und Feedbackrunden mit den Study Nurses.
Ergebnisse
In den ersten 8 Erhebungsmonaten konnten 61,1 % der für diesen Zeitraum angestrebten 1104 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Wichtigste Nonrespondergründe sind die dichten Arbeits- und Behandlungsprozesse in der Notaufnahme (41,9 %) und patientenseitige Krankheitslast (24,7 %). Qualitative Ergebnisse zeigen zudem Schwierigkeiten bei der Identifikation von potenziellen Teilnehmern oder Konflikte in den Studienzentren infolge fehlender Forschungsinfrastruktur. Die hohe Ausschöpfungsquote (50,7 %) und annähernde Gleichverteilung von Alter und Geschlecht in Einschluss- und Nonrespondergruppe deuten auf keine Stichprobenverzerrungen hin.
Diskussion
Das eingesetzte Monitoringinstrument hat sich bewährt und Optimierungspotenziale aufgedeckt. Neben quantitativen Daten empfiehlt es sich, auch qualitative Daten systematisch zu nutzen.
The first observing run of Advanced LIGO spanned 4 months, from September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, during which gravitational waves were directly detected from two binary black hole systems, ...namely GW150914 and GW151226. Confident detection of gravitational waves requires an understanding of instrumental transients and artifacts that can reduce the sensitivity of a search. Studies of the quality of the detector data yield insights into the cause of instrumental artifacts and data quality vetoes specific to a search are produced to mitigate the effects of problematic data. In this paper, the systematic removal of noisy data from analysis time is shown to improve the sensitivity of searches for compact binary coalescences. The output of the PyCBC pipeline, which is a python-based code package used to search for gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescences, is used as a metric for improvement. GW150914 was a loud enough signal that removing noisy data did not improve its significance. However, the removal of data with excess noise decreased the false alarm rate of GW151226 by more than two orders of magnitude, from 1 in 770 years to less than 1 in 186000 years.
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