Summary
Despite intensive research on perceived overqualification, empirical evidence on overqualified employees' job search behavior remains relatively insufficient. Notably, no studies have ...explored the possible link between perceived overqualification and internal job searching behaviors. In the present study, we consider whether—and more importantly when—employees with high perception of overqualification search for internal and external job opportunities. Applying the ability–motivation–opportunity (AMO) framework, we propose and test a model that specifies how motivation and opportunity to move or stay activate differential effects in overqualifiers' job searching process. Results from two studies surveying employees in Taiwan (Study 1: N = 268; Study 2: N = 210) show that overqualifiers displayed greater intentions to leave the current job and, in turn, engaged in more external job search behaviors; this relation was strongest for those whose perceived ease of movement and proactive personality increased or person–organization (PO) fit decreased. Furthermore, overqualifiers displayed greater intentions to leave the current job and also increased their internal job search behaviors; this relation was strongest for those whose perceived ease of movement and PO fit increased. A series of supplemental analyses also lends support to our theorizing.
Summary
Background
It is controversial whether chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have more non‐liver comorbidities than non‐CHB subjects.
Aim
To characterise the demographics, comorbidity and health ...utilisation of CHB patients in South Korea and compare them to matched controls.
Methods
Using the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) 2007‐2016 database, adult patients with claims for CHB analysed. CHB cases and non‐CHB controls matched in a 1:4 ratio using propensity score matching method.
Results
The age of CHB patients significantly increased from a mean 46.9 years in 2007 to 52.3 years in 2016. The proportions of persons having both liver‐related and non‐liver related comorbidities were higher in CHB patients compared to matched controls (dyslipidaemia 37.23% vs 23.77%, P < 0.0001, hypertension 29.39% vs 25.27%, P < 0.0001 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3.02% vs 1.14%, P < 0.0001 and osteoporosis/fracture OF 4.09% vs 3.23%, P < 0.0001). Approximately 50% of CHB patients had more than one comorbidity among CKD, diabetes, DLP, and OF. The odds of CKD in CHB patients were 1.42 times higher, and the odds of OF in CHB patients were 1.09 times higher than matched controls after adjustment for confounders (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Prevalence of liver as well as non‐liver comorbidities in patients with CHB was higher than matched controls and increased over time.
Aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Japan. As the treatment of viral hepatitis improves, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and ...non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are rapidly becoming leading causes of HCC in Japan. This structured review aims to characterize the morbidity and mortality of HCC and other malignant and non‐malignant complications among Japanese NAFLD and NASH patients.
Methods
An English and Japanese structured search of published works was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, and Ichushi Web databases, identifying 6553 studies, 34 of which met predefined inclusion criteria.
Results
Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common incident malignancy among NAFLD/NASH patients, with higher incidence in patients with advanced/severe fibrosis (F3/F4) of 10.5%–20.0%. Although NASH results in a lower HCC cumulative incidence than hepatitis C virus (HCV) (11.3% vs. 30.5%), they have similar impacts on health outcomes, including overall mortality.
Among Japanese NASH patients, HCC was found to be the main driver of mortality (40.0% in 2.7 years in NASH‐HCC). With longer follow‐up, higher mortality rates are observed in F3/4 patients: 25.0% in NASH F3/F4 versus 0.0% in NASH F0/2 over 7.7 years. The NASH‐HCC patients also have a higher post‐operative mortality than HCV‐HCC patients.
Additionally, NAFLD/NASH patients had higher rates of cardiovascular disease than non‐NAFLD/NASH controls, and slightly higher rates of gastric cancer than HCV patients.
Conclusion
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common malignancy and cause of death among NAFLD/NASH patients in Japan, with higher mortality observed among those with advanced disease and complications. Early identification and effective treatments are needed.
Background
This study examined demographics, comorbidities and healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs among Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic ...steatohepatitis (NASH).
Methods
We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Medical Data Vision (MDV) claims database, from January 2011 to March 2018. Demographics were described at index date and by calendar year; a “NASH” subpopulation included patients with ≥ 1 claim for NASH at any time. Prevalence of pre-specified comorbidities of interest and data-emergent top comorbidities were estimated. All-cause HCRU and costs were quantified by calendar year. Outcomes were compared between 2011 and 2017 using partially overlapping
t
tests.
Results
58,958 patients (mean age 61.6 years; 55.5% male) were included. 1139 patients (2%) were in the NASH subpopulation. At baseline, comorbid cardiovascular disease (69.4%), diabetes (62.1%) and hyperlipidaemia (54.4%) were most prevalent; comorbidity prevalence increased with age. Mean outpatient visits decreased from 9.36 per patient in 2011 to 7.80 in 2017; mean inpatient admissions increased (both
p
< 0.001 for 2011 vs 2017). Mean total all-cause healthcare costs ranged from ¥322,206 to ¥340,399 per patient per year between 2011 and 2017. Although total all-cause healthcare costs did not change significantly (
p
= 0.552), cost burden shifted from the outpatient to inpatient setting between 2011 and 2017. All-cause healthcare resource use/costs were generally higher for the NASH subgroup compared with the overall population.
Conclusions
There is a high burden of disease among Japanese NAFLD/NASH patients, including a high prevalence of comorbidities which generally increase with age. Accordingly, substantial all-cause HCRU and costs were incurred.
Gravitational wave astrophysics relies heavily on the use of matched filtering both to detect signals in noisy data from detectors and to perform parameter estimation and tests of general relativity ...on those signals. Matched filtering relies upon prior knowledge of the signals expected to be produced by a range of astrophysical systems, such as binary black holes. These waveform signals can be computed using numerical relativity techniques, where the Einstein field equations are solved numerically, and the signal is extracted from the simulation. Numerical relativity simulations are, however, computationally expensive, leading to the need for a surrogate model which can predict waveform signals in regions of the physical parameter space which have not been probed directly by simulation. We present a method for producing such a surrogate using Gaussian process regression which is trained directly on waveforms generated by numerical relativity. This model returns not just a single interpolated value for the waveform at a new point, but a full posterior probability distribution on the predicted value. This model is therefore an ideal component in a Bayesian analysis framework, through which the uncertainty in the interpolation can be taken into account when performing parameter estimation of signals.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful measurement method in the chemical analysis field. It is much superior to bulk Raman owing to the enhancement of signal sensitivity from the ...SERS substrate. Nevertheless, the delicate SERS substrates are overpriced, which results in the difficulty of universal measurements. Accordingly, opting for a substrate made of polymer material based on the nanoimprint technique shows great potential for low-cost and high-performance SERS substrates. However, due to its low heat conductivity, the polymer's thermal properties may cause heat to concentrate on the incident spot and damage the nanostructures or analytes. In this article, we proposed a novel design of the Reflective Raman (RR) system to reduce the input power density and maintain high collection efficiency at the same time. The proposed RR system was directly compared with a traditional micro Raman (μ-Raman) system and demonstrated its outstanding performance for low damage threshold analytes and SERS substrates.
The proposed RR system demonstrated its outstanding performance for low damage threshold analytes and SERS substrates, creating more stable and stronger Raman signals under the limitation of low power density input.
The activities of DNA‐binding transcription factors, such as the multi‐zinc‐finger protein ZBTB18 (also known as RP58, or ZNF238), are essential to coordinate mammalian neurodevelopment, including ...the birth and radial migration of newborn neurons within the fetal brain. In humans, the majority of disease‐associated missense mutations in ZBTB18 lie within the DNA‐binding zinc‐finger domain and are associated with brain developmental disorder, yet the molecular mechanisms explaining their role in disease remain unclear. To address this, we developed in silico models of ZBTB18, bound to DNA, and discovered that half of the missense variants map to residues (Asn461, Arg464, Glu486) predicted to be essential to sequence‐specific DNA contact, whereas others map to residues (Leu434, Tyr447, Arg495) with limited contributions to DNA binding. We studied pathogenic variants to residues with close (N461S) and limited (R495G) DNA contact and found that each bound DNA promiscuously, displayed altered transcriptional regulatory activity in vitro, and influenced the radial migration of newborn neurons in vivo in different ways. Taken together, our results suggest that altered transcriptional regulation could represent an important pathological mechanism for ZBTB18 missense variants in brain developmental disease.
Here, we studied the zinc‐finger repressor protein ZBTB18 and its disease‐associated missense variants reported in subjects diagnosed with microcephaly (N461S, in yellow) and macrocephaly (R495G, in blue). We report that each of these missense ZBTB18 variants (i) influences the DNA‐binding specificity of ZBTB18; (ii) its capacity for transcriptional regulation; as well as (iii) its neurodevelopmental signaling activity during cerebral cortex development. Our results suggest that altered transcriptional regulation could represent an important underlying pathological mechanism for missense ZBTB18 variants in cases of brain developmental disorder.
Abstract
We introduce the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs) for generalised gravitational wave (GW) burst generation in the time domain. Generative adversarial networks are ...generative machine learning models that produce new data based on the features of the training data set. We condition the network on five classes of time-series signals that are often used to characterise GW burst searches: sine-Gaussian, ringdown, white noise burst, Gaussian pulse and binary black hole merger. We show that the model can replicate the features of these standard signal classes and, in addition, produce generalised burst signals through interpolation and class mixing. We also present an example application where a convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier is trained on burst signals generated by our CGAN. We show that a CNN classifier trained only on the standard five signal classes has a poorer detection efficiency than a CNN classifier trained on a population of generalised burst signals drawn from the combined signal class space.
Mutations to genes that encode DNA‐binding transcription factors (TFs) underlie a broad spectrum of human neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we highlight the pathological mechanisms arising from ...mutations to TF genes that influence the development of mammalian cerebral cortex neurons. Drawing on recent findings for TF genes including ZBTB18, we discuss how functional missense mutations to such genes confer non‐native gene regulatory actions in developing neurons, leading to cell‐morphological defects, neuroanatomical abnormalities during foetal brain development and functional impairment. Further, we discuss how missense variation to human TF genes documented in the general population endow quantifiable changes to transcriptional regulation, with potential cell biological effects on the temporal progression of cerebral cortex neuron development and homeostasis. We offer a systematic approach to investigate the functional impact of missense variation in brain TFs and define their direct molecular and cellular actions in foetal neurodevelopment, tissue homeostasis and disease states.
In this Review article, we discuss the functions for several transcription factors (TFs) in mammalian neural circuit development and provide a theoretical framework for the functional categorization of missense variants to TF genes based upon their impact on gene regulatory activities, which we define as TF co‐operation, competition and combination signaling. Drawing on studies of ZBTB18, we outline a systematic approach to investigate the functional impact of disease‐causing missense variants, as well as modifier alleles (Categories 0 to 3, as shown), that directly disrupt neural circuit development and neuronal homeostasis.
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