Cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) allows visualization of cellular structures in situ. However, anisotropic resolution arising from the intrinsic "missing-wedge" problem has presented major ...challenges in visualization and interpretation of tomograms. Here, we have developed IsoNet, a deep learning-based software package that iteratively reconstructs the missing-wedge information and increases signal-to-noise ratio, using the knowledge learned from raw tomograms. Without the need for sub-tomogram averaging, IsoNet generates tomograms with significantly reduced resolution anisotropy. Applications of IsoNet to three representative types of cryoET data demonstrate greatly improved structural interpretability: resolving lattice defects in immature HIV particles, establishing architecture of the paraflagellar rod in Eukaryotic flagella, and identifying heptagon-containing clathrin cages inside a neuronal synapse of cultured cells. Therefore, by overcoming two fundamental limitations of cryoET, IsoNet enables functional interpretation of cellular tomograms without sub-tomogram averaging. Its application to high-resolution cellular tomograms should also help identify differently oriented complexes of the same kind for sub-tomogram averaging.
A recent “third wave” of neural network (NN) approaches now delivers state-of-the-art performance in many machine learning tasks, spanning speech recognition, computer vision, and natural language ...processing. Because these modern NNs often comprise multiple interconnected layers, work in this area is often referred to as
deep learning
. Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth of research into NN-based approaches to information retrieval (IR). A significant body of work has now been created. In this paper, we survey the current landscape of
Neural IR
research, paying special attention to the use of learned distributed representations of textual units. We highlight the successes of neural IR thus far, catalog obstacles to its wider adoption, and suggest potentially promising directions for future research.
Metal halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention due to their superior optical and electrical characteristics, flexible tunability, and easy fabrication processes. Apart from their ...unprecedented successes in photovoltaic devices, lasing action is the latest exploitation of the optoelectronic performance of perovskites. Among the substantial body of research on the configuration design and light emission quality of perovskite lasers, the random laser is a very interesting stimulated emission phenomenon with unique optical characteristics. In this review article, we first comprehensively overview the development of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices and then focus our discussion on random lasing performance. After an introduction to the historical development of versatile random lasers and perovskite random lasers, we summarize several synthesis methods and discuss their material configurations and stability in synthesized perovskite materials. Following this, a theoretical approach is provided to explain the random lasing mechanism in metal halide perovskites. Finally, we propose future applications of perovskite random lasers, presenting conclusions as well as future challenges, such as quality stability and toxicity reduction, of perovskite materials with regard to practical applications in this promising field.
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted considerable research attention due to their infinite quality factor (Q‐factor) and extremely localized fields, which drastically enhances ...light–matter interactions and yields high potential in topological photonics and quantum optics. In this study, the room temperature directional lasing normal to a BIC metasurface is demonstrated with hybrid surface lattice resonances. Compared to the plasmonic nanolasers, the BIC metasurface lasers possess directional radiation and a larger emission volume. The high Q‐factor resonance of BIC metasurface overcomes the limitation of a large mode volume in achieving low‐threshold lasing. In addition, a design rule is proposed to prevent the occurrence of wavelength shift when the Q‐factor changes; thus, the lasing thresholds for different BIC metasurfaces can be compared. In this work, the high localization ability of BICs is used to achieve the low lasing threshold (1.25 nJ) at the room temperature. The “light in–light out” diagram of the aforementioned laser based on simulations and experiments exhibits a large spontaneous emission coupling factor (β = 0.9) and the S‐curve. The device developed in this study can be used in various applications, such as quantum emitters, optical sensing, nonlinear optics, and topological states engineering.
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) laser, which possess directional radiation and large emission volume, is demonstrated by using dielectric metasurfaces with hybrid surface lattice resonance. The high Q‐factor resonance of the BIC metasurface overcomes the limitation of a large mode volume in achieving low‐threshold lasing. Moreover, photoluminescence and reflection reveal the mechanism behind the BICs with internal and external excitation.
Manipulating photocarrier dynamics for luminescent materials is fundamentally important for steering luminescent properties of optoelectronic devices. Here, interfacial engineering is realized by ...constructing Au NPs‐CsPbBr3 interfaces toward resonant coupling between localized surface plasmon and exciton. Through ultrafast laser spectroscopic measurements, it is demonstrated that photoluminance originating from CsPbBr3 excitonic recombination is significantly enhanced at the interface with prolonged lifetimes. Interfacial photocarrier dynamics are mediated by plasmon‐induced hot electron transfer (PHET) and plasmon‐induced resonant energy transfer (PIRET) processes. By simply varying excitation laser wavelengths, PHET path of photocarriers is actively switched on and off. The results are of great significance for actively manipulating photocarrier dynamics of perovskite luminescent devices.
Manipulating photocarrier dynamics for luminescent materials is fundamentally important for steering luminescent properties of optoelectronic devices. Here, through constructing Au NPs‐CsPbBr3 interfaces, luminescent dynamics of CsPbBr3 can be manipulated by plasmon‐induced hot electron transfer and plasmon‐induced resonant energy transfer processes. Meanwhile, photoluminance originating from CsPbBr3 excitonic recombination is significantly enhanced at the interface with prolonged lifetimes.
To study the load distribution mechanism of the power-split transmission, and improve the carrying capacity of the herringbone star gear transmission system, the dynamic model of the planetary gear ...system for a geared turbofan engine with the flexible pin was established based on the node finite element method. The model considered the comprehensive influence of meshing error, time-varying meshing stiffness, bearing supporting stiffness and meshing phase. The dynamic load sharing performance of the system were studied in the equivalent meshing error, and the influence of the error incentives and structure of pins on the load sharing characteristics was analyzed. The results indicate that the vibration track of the center gears deviates from the origin because of the eccentricity error. The load sharing performance of the system can be improved by improving gears’ manufacturing precision. Moreover, the influence of manufacturing errors is larger than that of assembling errors. The flexible pin improved by Montestruc has the best load sharing performance among the four types of pin models designed in the study. The load sharing performance declines with an increase of in input speed and a decrease in input power.
Aging and obesity make humans more prone to cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome diseases, leading to several serious health conditions, including hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and sleep ...disturbance. This study aimed to explore the hypolipidemic effect of fermented citrus lemon juice using a hyperlipidemic hamster model. The sugar-free lemon juice's fermentation was optimized, and the characteristics of fresh and fermented lemon juice (FLJ) were evaluated and compared, which contained polyphenols and superoxide dismutase-like activity. Results showed that the absorption and utilization efficiency of FLJ was higher compared with the unfermented lemon juice. This study's prefermentation efficiency evaluation found that 21-30 days of bacterial DMS32004 and DMS32005 fermentation of fresh lemon juice provided the best fermentation benefits, and 21-day FLJ was applied as a remedy after the efficiency compassion. After six weeks of feeding, the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) values in the blood and liver of the FLJ treatment groups were decreased compared with the high-fat diet (HFD) group. In addition, the blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly reduced in the FLJ treatment groups compared with the HFD group. In contrast, the blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) to LDL-C ratio increased considerably in the FLJ treatment groups, and the total to HDL ratio was significantly lower than in the HFD group. Compared with the HFD group, the TC content in the FLJ treatment groups' feces increased significantly. This study demonstrated that the sugar-free fermentation method and fermentation cycle management provided FLJ with the potential to regulate blood lipids. Further research and verification will be carried out to isolate specific substances from the FLJ and identify their mechanisms of action.
Thermal hysteresis (TH) is defined as the temperature difference between the melting points and crystallization temperatures of phase-change materials (PCMs). The magnitude of the TH is proportional ...to the energy loss in a system. In addition, the latent heats of the PCMs cannot be exploited if the TH is beyond the operation temperature range of a system. In this study, Zn/TiO2, Zn/Al2O3, and Zn/SiO2 core-shell microparticles were synthesized and the TH values of the microparticles were examined. The TH for the microparticles was mainly affected by the ramping rate in differential scanning calorimetry, the shell thermal resistance and the required temperature for heterogeneous nucleation. Given that Al2O3 possesses a superior thermal conductivity than that of TiO2 and SiO2, the Zn/Al2O3 core-shell microparticles provided the smallest TH among the three types of microparticles. The heat capacity of the salt can be enhanced by 6.7% by doping with 10 wt% Zn/Al2O3 microparticles while the viscosity increased from 1.3 to 3 cp. The study provided guidelines to modulate the TH of PCMs, and the concept learned from this study can be applied to enhancing the thermal energy storage in various thermal systems.
Thermal Hysteresis in Phase-Change Materials was investigated based on alloy core-shell microparticles. The TH was found to be affected by the ramping rate in differential scanning calorimetry, the shell thermal resistance and the required temperature for heterogeneous nucleation. The study provided guidelines to modulate the TH of PCMs, and the concept learned from this study can be applied to enhancing the thermal energy storage in various thermal systems. Display omitted
•Zn microparticles were successfully encapsulated through sol-gel methods to form Zn/TiO2 and Al2O3 core-shell microparticles.•Thermal Hysteresis (TH) which defined as the difference between the melting and the crystallization temperatures of the microparticles increased with increasing shell thickness and ramping rate.•The effective heat capacity of the salt can be increased by 6.7 % by doping with 10 wt. % Zn/Al2O3 core-shell microparticles while the viscosity of the salt increased from 1.3 to 3 cp.•The developed technique was also applied to encapsulate an Al2O3 shell on the ZnSn alloy microparticles. The TH of the ZnSn/Al2O3 was substantially reduced compared to the TH of theZnSn/SiO2 alloy microparticles.
Background
Dysphonia influences the quality of life by interfering with communication. However, a laryngoscopic examination is expensive and not readily accessible in primary care units. Experienced ...laryngologists are required to achieve an accurate diagnosis.
Objective
This study sought to detect various vocal fold diseases through pathological voice recognition using artificial intelligence.
Methods
We collected 189 normal voice samples and 552 samples of individuals with voice disorders, including vocal atrophy (n=224), unilateral vocal paralysis (n=50), organic vocal fold lesions (n=248), and adductor spasmodic dysphonia (n=30). The 741 samples were divided into 2 sets: 593 samples as the training set and 148 samples as the testing set. A convolutional neural network approach was applied to train the model, and findings were compared with those of human specialists.
Results
The convolutional neural network model achieved a sensitivity of 0.66, a specificity of 0.91, and an overall accuracy of 66.9% for distinguishing normal voice, vocal atrophy, unilateral vocal paralysis, organic vocal fold lesions, and adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Compared with the accuracy of human specialists, the overall accuracy rates were 60.1% and 56.1% for the 2 laryngologists and 51.4% and 43.2% for the 2 general ear, nose, and throat doctors.
Conclusions
Voice alone could be used for common vocal fold disease recognition through a deep learning approach after training with our Mandarin pathological voice database. This approach involving artificial intelligence could be clinically useful for screening general vocal fold disease using the voice. The approach includes a quick survey and a general health examination. It can be applied during telemedicine in areas with primary care units lacking laryngoscopic abilities. It could support physicians when prescreening cases by allowing for invasive examinations to be performed only for cases involving problems with automatic recognition or listening and for professional analyses of other clinical examination results that reveal doubts about the presence of pathologies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The hybrid plasmonic surface lattice resonance (SLR) laser constructed by a MAPbBr3 perovskite thin film on the Ag nanoparticle array is unambiguously demonstrated in this research. The relatively ...high refractive index of the perovskite thin film provides an excellent coupling between the photonic mode and SLR, leading to a high spontaneous emission coupling factor and a low threshold lasing. Furthermore, a novel spin‐coating process applied to grow the MAPbBr3 perovskite thin film can leave air gaps under the perovskite that provides a large index difference in the periodic array, making the hybrid plasmonic SLR exhibits a high density of state, which is beneficial for laser operation. Via theoretical design and experimental verification, the lasing behaviors of the hybrid plasmonic SLR perovskite laser show excellent characteristics with a fixed polarization. This demonstration facilitates an enhanced lasing performance and realization of the low‐cost and low‐energy‐consumption laser application.
The hybrid plasmonic surface lattice resonance (SLR) laser constructed by a perovskite thin film on the Ag nanoparticle array is unambiguously demonstrated in this research. By coupling between the photonic mode and SLR, the lasing behaviors show excellent characteristics with a fixed polarization. This demonstration facilitates an enhanced lasing performance and realization of the low‐cost and low‐energy‐consumption laser application.
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