The present study examined the effects of KIOM-79 on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in rat pancreatic beta-cells (RINm5F). KIOM-79 is a mixture of plant extracts from ...parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix, and Euphorbiae radix. A marked increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in STZ induced diabetic cells, which returned to control conditions after KIOM-79 treatment. Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) activity and its protein expression were downregulated by STZ treatment but upregulated by KIOM-79 treatment. In addition, KIOM-79 treatment restored the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi) produced by STZ treatment. KIOM-79 induced an increase in Bcl-2 and a decrease in phospho Bcl-2 and Bax, which are related to permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. Further, KIOM-79 inhibited the translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and elevated the ATP level, which was reduced by STZ treatment. These results suggest that KIOM-79 exhibits a protective effect through activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and by attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic cells. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The present study examined the effects of KIOM-79 on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in rat pancreatic β-cells (RINm5F). KIOM-79 is a mixture of plant extracts from ...parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix, and Euphorbiae radix. A marked increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in STZ induced diabetic cells, which returned to control conditions after KIOM-79 treatment. Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) activity and its protein expression were downregulated by STZ treatment but upregulated by KIOM-79 treatment. In addition, KIOM-79 treatment restored the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) produced by STZ treatment. KIOM-79 induced an increase in Bcl-2 and a decrease in phospho Bcl-2 and Bax, which are related to permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. Further, KIOM-79 inhibited the translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and elevated the ATP level, which was reduced by STZ treatment. These results suggest that KIOM-79 exhibits a protective effect through activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and by attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic cells.
The present study examined the effects of KIOM-79 on strep-tozotocin (STZ)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in rat pancreatic *b-cells (RINm5F). KIOM-79 is a mixture of plant extracts from ...parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix, and Euphorbiae radix. A marked increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in STZ induced diabetic cells, which returned to control conditions after KIOM-79 treatment Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) activity and its protein expression were downregulated by STZ treatment but upregulated by KIOM-79 treatment. In addition, KIOM-79 treatment restored the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (*D*w) produced by STZ treatment KIOM-79 induced an increase in Bcl-2 and a decrease in phospho Bcl-2 and Bax, which are related to permeability of the mitochondrial membrane. Further, KIOM-79 inhibited the translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and elevated the ATP level, which was reduced by STZ treatment These results suggest that KIOM-79 exhibits a protective effect through activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and by attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic cells.
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with severe neuronal death and reactive gliosis in hippocampus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes remain ...unanswered. ERK has been reported chronically activated in reactive glia of human epileptic hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated which of the downstream signaling molecules of ERK would be involved in MTLE. Western blot analysis demonstrated that CREB and p90RSK were strongly activated in MTLE patients. Increase in the active forms of CREB and p90RSK resulted not only from the increase in their phosphorylation levels but also from the increase in the protein levels. Activation of CREB and p90RSK was noted in the whole subfields of hippocampus with Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS) representing a distinctive cellular distribution. However, the common major change was present in proliferating reactive astrocytes. In contrast, their activation was not significant in adjacent temporal lobes despite the presence of a number of astrocytes expressing high levels of GFAP. Our results demonstrate that chronic activation CREB and p90RSK in the epileptic hippocampus may be closely associated with the histopathological changes of AHS.
대화는 일상적인 의사소통의 대부분을 차지하므로 적절한 대화기술은 성공적인 의사소통을 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 대화에서의 차례 주고받기를 중심으로 초등학교 저학년 CI아동의 대화 능력을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 저학년 CI아동 10명과 통제집단으로 생활연령 일치 일반아동 10명, 언어연령을 일치시킨 일반아동 10명, 총 ...30명의 아동이었다. 대화 자료는 아동에게 친숙한 주제로 연구자가 아동과 약 30분간 대화를 진행하여 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료 중 처음과 끝부분 대화를 제외한 10분간 자료를 분석하여 전체 대화차례 주고받기 빈도와 적절성의 여부에 따른 대화차례 개시율, 반응율, 중단율을 측정하였다. 연구결과, (1) CI집단은 대화차례 주고받기 빈도에서는 두 통제 집단과 유의한 차이가 없었으나 적절한 차례 주고받기 비율은 낮았으며, 부적절한 비율은 유의하게 높았다. (2) 차례 주고받기 개시율에서는 전체 개시율과 적절한 개시율에서 CI 집단이 생활연령 일치 집단에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 언어연령 일치 집단과는 유의한 차이가 없었다. (3) 반응율에서는 전체 반응율과 적절한 반응율은 CI 집단이 언어연령 일치 집단에 비해 유의하게 낮았으나, 부적절 반응율은 두 통제집단에 비해 유의하게 높았다. (4) 중단율에서는 반응지연에서만 유의한 차이가 있었으며, CI 집단이 두 통제집단에 비해 유의하게 반응지연율이 높았다. 이상의 결과는 CI 아동의 대화 특성 측면에서 논의하였다. The aim of this study was to investigate the turn-taking characteristics of children with cochlear implants (CI). Ten children with CI, 10 typically- developing children chronologically age-matched with CI children (CA), and 10 participated in this study. Conversational samples were elicited by the examiner during a 30-minute free conversation and then 10-minute conversational samples were analysed. Total turn-taking frequency and rate of initiation, response, and disruption were measured according to adequacy. The research findings were as follows; (1) CI children produced significantly lower conversational turn-taking rates and higher conversational turn-taking rates than CA and LA controls. (2) CI children revealed significantly lower rates of total and appropriate initiation than CA controls. (3) CI children showed significantly lower rates of total and appropriate responses, but a higher rate of inappropriate responses than LA controls. (4) CI children produced significantly more differed responses than CA and LA controls. The results of this study help us to understand the conversational characteristics of CI children and will be useful for assessing and intervening in their conversation abilities. KCI Citation Count: 10
Forced thinking (FT) is a rare epileptic phenomenon which is usually seen in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. We report a rare case of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy presenting FT as simple ...partial status epilepticus. A 50-year-old woman with left hippocampal sclerosis developed a prolonged episode of continuous FT for five days after she experienced a clustering of complex partial seizures during the period of preoperative video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. The EEG demonstrated continuous focal ictal discharges in the left foramen ovale electrodes. Positron emission tomography showed focal glucose hypermetabolism in the left mesial temporal region. This case indicates that the anatomical substrate for the development of FT is located in the mesial temporal region as well as the frontal lobe, and prolonged FT can occur as a seizure manifestation.
PDF
