Eur.Phys.J.C43:427-435,2005 The rapidity dependence of inclusive and coincident particle production in
d(p)+Au collisions at RHIC can be used to probe nuclear parton distribution
functions down to ...small momentum fractions where theory anticipates that parton
saturation could be present. This paper describes how such experiments could be
completed.
Phys.Rev.C70:015208,2004 We summarize the results of two experimental programs at the Alternating
Gradient Synchrotron of BNL to measure the nuclear transparency of nuclei
measured in the A(p,2p) ...quasielastic scattering process near 90 Deg .in the pp
center of mass. The incident momenta varied from 5.9 to 14.4 GeV/c,
corresponding to 4.8 < Q^2 < 12.7 (GeV/c)^2. First, we describe the
measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which had more complete kinematic
definition of quasielastic events. In E850 the angular dependence of the
nuclear transparency near 90 Deg. c.m., and the nuclear transparency for
deuterons was studied. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier
experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the
Carbon data. E834 also determines the nuclear transparencies for Li, Al, Cu,
and Pb nuclei as well as for C. We find for both E850 and E834 that the A(p,2p)
nuclear transparency, unlike that for A(e,e'p) nuclear transparency, is
incompatible with a constant value versus energy as predicted by Glauber
calculations. The A(p,2p) nuclear transparency for C and Al increases by a
factor of two between 5.9 and 9.5 GeV/c incident proton momentum. At its peak
the A(p,2p) nuclear transparency is about 80% of the constant A(e,e'p) nuclear
transparency. Then the nuclear transparency falls back to the Glauber level
again. This oscillating behavior is generally interpreted as an interplay
between two components of the pN scattering amplitude; one short ranged and
perturbative, and the other long ranged and strongly absorbed in the nuclear
medium. We suggest a number of experiments for further studies of nuclear
transparency effects.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 90 (2003) 042301 We studied the $^{12}$C(p,2p+n) reaction at beam momenta of 5.9, 8.0 and 9.0
GeV/c. For quasielastic (p,2p) events we reconstructed {\bf p_f} the momentum
of the ...knocked-out proton before the reaction; {\bf p_f} was then compared
(event-by-event) with {\bf p_n}, the measured, coincident neutron momentum. For
$|p_n|$ > k$_F$ = 0.220 GeV/c (the Fermi momentum) a strong back-to-back
directional correlation between {\bf p_f} and {\bf p_n} was observed,
indicative of short-range n-p correlations. From {\bf p_n} and {\bf p_f} we
constructed the distributions of c.m. and relative motion in the longitudinal
direction for correlated pairs. After correcting for detection efficiency, flux
attenuation and solid angle, we determined that 49 $\pm$ 13 % of events with
$|p_f|$ > k_F had directionally correlated neutrons with $|p_n|$ > k$_F$. Thus
short-range 2N correlations are a major source of high-momentum nucleons in
nuclei.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 87 (2001) 212301 The transparency of carbon for (p,2p) quasi-elastic events was measured at
beam energies ranging from 6 to 14.5 GeV at 90 degrees c.m. The four momentum
transfer ...squared q*q ranged from 4.8 to 16.9 (GeV/c)**2. We present the
observed energy dependence of the ratio of the carbon to hydrogen cross
sections. We also apply a model for the nuclear momentum distribution of carbon
to normalize this transparency ratio. We find a sharp rise in transparency as
the beam energy is increased to 9 GeV and a reduction to approximately the
Glauber level at higher energies.
The rapidity dependence of inclusive and coincident particle production in d(p)+Au collisions at RHIC can be used to probe nuclear parton distribution functions down to small momentum fractions where ...theory anticipates that parton saturation could be present. This paper describes how such experiments could be completed.
AIP Conf.Proc. 549 (2002) 310-313 We present an analysis of new data from Experiment E850 at BNL. We have
characterized the inclusive cross section near the endpoint for pp exclusive
scattering in ...Hydrogen and in Carbon with incident beam energy of 6 GeV. We
select events with a pair of back-to-back hadrons at large transverse momentum.
These cross sections are parameterized with a form $\frac{d \sigma}{d X_{L}}$
$\sim(1-X_{L})^{p}$, where ${X_{L}}$ is the ratio of the longitudinal momentum
of the observed pair to the total incident beam momentum. Small value of $p$
may suggest that the number of partons participating in the reaction is large
and reaction has a strong dependence on the center-of-mass energy. We also
discuss nuclear effects observed in our kinematic region.
AIP Conf.Proc. 549 (2002) 451-454 Recently, a new technique for measuring short-range NN correlations in nuclei
(NN SRCs) was reported by the E850 collaboration, using data from the EVA
spectrometer ...at the AGS at Brookhaven Nat. Lab. In this talk, we will report on
a larger set of data from new measurement by the collaboration, utilizing the
same technique. This technique is based on a very simple kinematic approach.
For quasi-elastic knockout of protons from a nucleus ($^{12}$C(p,2p) was used
for the current work), we can reconstruct the momentum {\bf p$_f$} of the
struck proton in the nucleus before the reaction, from the three momenta of the
two detected protons, {\bf p$_1$} and {\bf p$_2$} and the three momentum of the
incident proton, {\bf p$_0$} : {\bf p$_f$} = {\bf p$_1$} + {\bf p$_2$} - {\bf
p$_0$} If there are significant n-p SRCs, then we would expect to find a
neutron with momentum -{\bf p$_f$} in coincidence with the two protons,
provided {\bf p$_f$} is larger than the Fermi momentum $k_F$ for the nucleus
(${\sim}$220 MeV/c for $^{12}$C). Our results reported here confirm the earlier
results from the E850 collaboration.
