Background
Obesity is a risk factor associated with higher mortality at the acute phase of COVID‐19; however, its influence on post‐COVID symptoms is not known.
Objective
Our aim was to investigate ...if obesity is a risk factor for the presence of long‐term post‐COVID symptoms in hospitalised COVID‐19 survivors.
Methods
A multicentre case‐control study including patients hospitalised during the first wave of the pandemic was performed. Patients with obesity were recruited as cases. Two age‐ and sex‐matched patients without obesity per case were considered as controls. Clinical and hospitalisation data were collected from the hospital medical records. Patients were scheduled for a telephonic interview. A list of post‐COVID symptoms was systematically evaluated, but participants were free to report any symptom. Anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were evaluated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), respectively.
Results
Overall, 88 patients with obesity and 176 without obesity were assessed 7.2 months after the hospital discharge. The most prevalent post‐COVID symptoms were fatigue and dyspnea. No significant difference in the prevalence of fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, depression and limitations of daily living activities was observed between people with and without obesity. Obesity was independently associated with a greater number of post‐COVID symptoms (IRR 1.56, 95% CI 1.24‐1.95, P < .001) and poor sleep quality (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.13‐3.83, P = .02).
Conclusions
This study found that obesity was associated with a greater number of long‐term post‐COVID symptoms and poor sleep quality in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients.
This study investigated the association of diabetes in patients who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with the presence of long-term post-coronavirus disease ...(COVID) symptoms. A case-control study that included individuals hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic was conducted. Patients with a previous diagnosis of diabetes and under medical control were considered case subjects. Two age- and sex-matched patients without presenting diabetes per case subject were recruited as control subjects. Hospitalization and clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. Patients were scheduled for a telephone interview. A list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically evaluated, but participants were invited to freely report any symptom. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms, and sleep quality, respectively. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were constructed. Overall, 145 patients with diabetes and 144 control subjects without diabetes who had recovered from COVID-19 were assessed at 7.2 (SD 0.6) months after hospital discharge. The number of post-COVID symptoms was similar between groups (incident rate ratio 1.06, 95% CI 0.92-1.24,
= 0.372). The most prevalent post-COVID symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and pain. No between-groups differences in any post-COVID symptom were observed. Similarly, no differences in limitations with daily living activities were found between patients with and without diabetes. Diabetes was not a risk factor for experiencing long-term post-COVID symptoms.
This multicenter cohort study investigated the differences between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related symptoms and post-COVID symptoms between male and female COVID-19 survivors. Clinical ...and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records in a sample of individuals recovered from COVID-19 at five public hospitals in Spain. A predefined list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically assessed, but patients were free to report any symptom. Anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were also assessed. Adjusted multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the association of sex with post-COVID related-symptoms. A total of 1969 individuals (age: 61, SD: 16 years, 46.4% women) were assessed 8.4 months after discharge. No overall significant sex differences in COVID-19 onset symptoms at hospital admission were found. Post-COVID symptoms were present in up to 60% of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors eight months after the infection. The number of post-COVID symptoms was 2.25 for females and 1.5 for males. After adjusting by all variables, female sex was associated with ≥3 post-COVID symptoms (adj OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.671-3.865,
< 0.001), the presence of post-COVID fatigue (adj OR 1.514, 95%CI 1.040-2.205), dyspnea (rest: adj OR 1.428, 95%CI 1.081-1.886, exertion: adj OR 1.409, 95%CI 1.109-1.791), pain (adj OR 1.349, 95%CI 1.059-1.720), hair loss (adj OR 4.529, 95%CI 2.784-7.368), ocular problems (adj OR 1.981, 95%CI 1.185-3.312), depressive levels (adj OR 1.606, 95%CI 1.002-2.572) and worse sleep quality (adj OR 1.634, 95%CI 1.097-2.434). Female sex was a risk factor for the development of some long-term post-COVID symptoms including mood disorders. Healthcare systems should consider sex differences in the management of long haulers.
We aim to assess if air pollution levels and climatological factors are associated with hospital admissions for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain from 2004 to ...2013.
We conducted a retrospective study. Information on pollution level and climatological factors were obtained from the Spanish Meteorological Agency and hospitalizations from the Spanish hospital discharge database. A case-crossover design was used to identify factors associated with hospitalizations and in hospital mortality. Postal codes were used to assign climatic and pollutant factors to each patient.
We detected 162,338 hospital admissions for COPD exacerbation. When seasonal effects were evaluated we observed that hospital admissions and mortality were more frequent in autumn and winter. In addition, we found significant associations of temperature, humidity, ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter up to 10 μm in size (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with hospital admissions. Lower temperatures at admission with COPD exacerbation versus 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 weeks prior to hospital admission for COPD exacerbation, were associated with a higher probability of dying in the hospital. Other environmental factors that were related to in-hospital mortality were NO2, O3, PM10 and CO.
Epidemiology of hospital admissions by COPD exacerbation was negatively affected by colder climatological factors (seasonality and absolute temperature) and short-term exposure to major air pollution (NO2, O3, CO and PM10).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are a substantial cause of hospital admissions. We conducted a nationwide study to estimate the burden of hospital admissions for ADRs in Spain during a six-year period ...(2001-2006) along with the associated total health cost.
Data were obtained from the national surveillance system for hospital data (Minimum Basic Data Set) maintained by the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, and covering more than 95% of Spanish hospitals. From these admissions we selected all hospitalization that were code as drug-related (ICD-9-CM codes E), but intended forms of overdoses, errors in administration and therapeutics failure were excluded. The average number of hospitalizations per year, annual incidence of hospital admissions, average length of stay in the hospital, and case-fatality rate, were calculated.
During the 2001-2006 periods, the total number of hospitalized patients with ADR diagnosis was 350,835 subjects, 1.69% of all acute hospital admissions in Spain. The estimated incidence of admissions due to ADR decreased during the period 2001-2006 (p < 0.05). More than five percent of patients (n = 19,734) died during an ADR-related hospitalization. The drugs most commonly associated with ADR-related hospitalization were antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drugs (n = 75,760), adrenal cortical steroids (n = 47,539), anticoagulants (n = 26,546) and antibiotics (n = 22,144). The costs generated by patients in our study increased by 19.05% between 2001 and 2006.
Approximately 1.69% of all acute hospital admissions were associated with ADRs. The rates were much higher for elderly patients. The total cost of ADR-related hospitalization to the Spanish health system is high and has increased between 2001 and 2006. ADRs are an important cause of admission, resulting in considerable use of national health system beds and a significant number of deaths.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Objective
To assess the prevalence and characteristics of chronic neck pain, chronic low back pain, and migraine or frequent headaches among Spanish adults in 2014 according to gender, to ...identify predictors for each of these types of pains, and to compare the prevalence with those found in 2009.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Spain.
Methods
We used data collected from the 2014 European Health Interview Survey (N = 22,842). Sociodemographic features, self-rated health status, lifestyle habits, comorbid conditions, pain characteristics, and self-reported use of medications were analyzed.
Results
The prevalence of all types of pain was significantly higher among women than men. For chronic neck pain, the figures were 25.68% vs 12.54%, for chronic low back pain, 27.03% vs 18.83%, and for migraine or frequent headaches, 15.93% vs 6.74%, in women and men, respectively. Predictors of these types of pain included female gender, advanced age, poor self-rated health, psychological distress, comorbidities, and obesity. The prevalence of neck pain and low back pain increased from 2009 to 2014 for both sexes, and the prevalence of migraine or frequent headaches remained stable over time.
Conclusions
The prevalence and intensity of all the forms of chronic pain were higher among women. Women experiencing pain used prescribed medications for pain, anxiety, and/or depression and sleeping pills more than men. The prevalence of chronic neck and low back has increased in the last five years in Spain, and the prevalence of migraine or frequent headaches has remained stable.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) leading to infant hospitalization, morbidity and postnatal mortality in children younger than ...5 years of age worldwide. The aim of this study was to collect data on hospitalizations for RSV-related ALRI in children in Spain from 2012 to 2018.
We used the discharge reports from the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) to retrospectively analyze hospital discharge data in children ≤ 14 years of age with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection, based on the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, from 2012 to 2018.
A total of 190,474 children, 58.1% boys and 41.9% girls, were admitted for lower respiratory tract infections in Spain, including 118,731 cases of bronchiolitis, 53,972 cases of bronchitis, 3710 cases of RSV-positive pneumonia, and 14,061 cases of RSV infections. Of these, 92,426 children (48.5%) had laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. The mean case fatality rate was almost 6 times higher for pneumonia (0.6%) than for bronchiolitis (0.1%) or bronchitis (0.1%). A significant linear increase in the mean annual hospitalization rate for pneumonia of almost 15% per year was found, with no changes in the trend over the study period.
RSV-related respiratory infections remain a leading cause of infant hospitalization in Spain. Effective antiviral treatments and preventive vaccines are urgently needed for the management of RSV infection in children, especially for those aged 6 to 12 months.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) is a serious infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to analyze the ...comorbidity factors that influenced the mortality in patients with asplenia according to PP. Discharge reports from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) was used to retrospectively analyze patients with asplenia and PP, from 1997 to 2021. Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) was calculated to predict in-hospital mortality (IHM). 97,922 patients with asplenia were included and 381 cases of PP were identified. The average age for men was 63.87 years and for women 65.99 years. In all years, ECI was larger for splenectomized than for non-splenectomized patients, with men having a higher mean ECI than women. An association was found between risk factors ECI, splenectomy, age group, sex, pneumococcal pneumonia, and increased mortality (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; p < 0.001). The IHM increased steadily with the number of comorbidities and index scores in 1997-2021. Asplenia remain a relevant cause of hospitalization in Spain. Comorbidities reflected a great impact in patients with asplenia and PP, which would mean higher risk of mortality.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims
We aim to compare the incidence and in‐hospital outcomes of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) and nonventilator hospital‐acquired pneumonia (NV‐HAP) ...according to gender.
Methods
This was a retrospective observational epidemiological study using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database for the years 2016 and 2017.
Results
Of 277 785 hospital admissions, CAP was identified in 257 455 (41.04% females), VAP was identified in 3261 (30.42% females) and NV‐HAP was identified in 17 069 (36.58% females). The incidence of all types of pneumonia was higher amongst males (CAP: incidence rate ratio IRR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03‐1.06; VAP: IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26‐1.46; and NV‐HAP: IRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.14‐1.18). The crude in‐hospital mortality (IHM) rate for CAP was 11.44% in females and 11.80% in males (P = .005); for VAP IHM, the rate was approximately 35% in patients of both genders and for NV‐HAP IHM, the rate was 23.97% for females and 26.40% for males (P < .001). After multivariable adjustment, in patients of both genders, older age and comorbidities were factors associated with IHM in the three types of pneumonia analysed. Female gender was a risk factor for IHM after VAP (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.06‐1.44), and no gender differences were found for CAP or NV‐HAP.
Conclusions
Our findings show a difference between females and males, with females presenting a lower incidence of all types of pneumonia. However, female gender was a risk factor for IHM after VAP.
Abstract
The EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5L) is a generic patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) used for evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL). No data on its psychometric ...properties in COVID-19 survivors is available. We aimed to describe internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and construct validity of the EQ-5D-5L in people with long-COVID. Ninety-three (n = 93) individuals previously hospitalized due to COVID-19 with post-COVID symptoms completed the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire twice one year after hospital discharge in a three-week interval. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha and Omega value), test–retest reliability (kappa and ICC
2,1
) and construct validity (factor analysis), and floor/ceiling effects were calculated. No ceiling effect was observed in any dimension whereas the floor effect ranged from 53.76 to 94.62%. The overall Cronbach’s α value was 0.75 (95%CI 0.64–0.83) and the Omega ω value was 0.77 (95%CI 0.66–0.84), showing good internal consistency of the questionnaire. Further, Cronbach’s alpha values the of each dimension ranged from 0.63 to 0.77 whereas those for Omega values ranged from 0.70 to 0.79. The test–retest reliability of the total score was excellent (ICC
2,1
0.86, 95%CI 0.798–0.911). The agreement percentage ranged from 85.13 to 96.77%; but kappa coefficients ranged from fair (κ: 0.37) to good (κ: 0.61). The factor analysis showed factor loadings from 0.585 to 0.813 supporting good construct validity. The EQ-5D-5L has good psychometric properties to be used as a PROM to assess HRQoL in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID.
PDF
