There exist tremendous needs for sustainable storage solutions for intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy. Thus, systems based on Earth‐abundant elements deserve much ...attention. Potassium‐ion batteries represent a promising candidate because of the abundance of potassium resources. As for the choices of anodes, graphite exhibits encouraging potassium‐ion storage properties; however, it suffers limited rate capability and poor cycling stability. Here, nongraphitic carbons as K‐ion anodes with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the binder are systematically investigated. Compared to hard carbon and soft carbon, a hard–soft composite carbon with 20 wt% soft carbon distributed in the matrix phase of hard carbon microspheres exhibits highly amenable performance: high capacity, high rate capability, and very stable long‐term cycling. In contrast, pure hard carbon suffers limited rate capability, while the capacity of pure soft carbon fades more rapidly.
The hard–soft composite carbon represents a highly promising anode material for practical applications of potassium‐ion batteries. It exhibits a high reversible capacity of 261 mAh g−1, excellent rate capability, and stable cycling life of 200 cycles with capacity retention of 93%.
Aqueous rechargeable batteries are promising solutions for large‐scale energy storage. Such batteries have the merit of low cost, innate safety, and environmental friendliness. To date, most known ...aqueous ion batteries employ metal cation charge carriers. Here, we report the first “rocking‐chair” NH4‐ion battery of the full‐cell configuration by employing an ammonium Prussian white analogue, (NH4)1.47NiFe(CN)60.88, as the cathode, an organic solid, 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI), as the anode, and 1.0 m aqueous (NH4)2SO4 as the electrolyte. This novel aqueous ammonium‐ion battery demonstrates encouraging electrochemical performance: an average operation voltage of ca. 1.0 V, an attractive energy density of ca. 43 Wh kg−1 based on both electrodes’ active mass, and excellent cycle life over 1000 cycles with 67 % capacity retention. Importantly, the topochemistry results of NH4+ in these electrodes point to a new paradigm of NH4+‐based energy storage.
Charging ahead: An ammonium Prussian white analogue serves as the cathode, an organic solid, 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI), as the anode, and 1.0 m (NH4)2SO4 as the electrolyte in an aqueous rocking‐chair ammonium‐ion battery. The topochemistry of NH4+ in these electrodes points to a new paradigm of NH4+‐based energy storage.
The long-term behaviors of biochemical systems are often described by their steady states. Deriving these states directly for complex networks arising from real-world applications, however, is often ...challenging. Recent work has consequently focused on network-based approaches. Specifically, biochemical reaction networks are transformed into weakly reversible and deficiency zero generalized networks, which allows the derivation of their analytic steady states. Identifying this transformation, however, can be challenging for large and complex networks. In this paper, we address this difficulty by breaking the complex network into smaller independent subnetworks and then transforming the subnetworks to derive the analytic steady states of each subnetwork. We show that stitching these solutions together leads to the analytic steady states of the original network. To facilitate this process, we develop a user-friendly and publicly available package, COMPILES (COMPutIng anaLytic stEady States). With COMPILES, we can easily test the presence of bistability of a CRISPRi toggle switch model, which was previously investigated via tremendous number of numerical simulations and within a limited range of parameters. Furthermore, COMPILES can be used to identify absolute concentration robustness (ACR), the property of a system that maintains the concentration of particular species at a steady state regardless of any initial concentrations. Specifically, our approach completely identifies all the species with and without ACR in a complex insulin model. Our method provides an effective approach to analyzing and understanding complex biochemical systems.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Adult stem cell therapy has demonstrated improved outcomes for treating cardiovascular diseases in preclinical trials. The development of imaging tools may increase our understanding of the ...mechanisms of stem cell therapy, and a variety of imaging tools have been developed to image transplanted stem cells in vivo; however, they lack the ability to interrogate stem cell function longitudinally. Here, we report the use of a nanoparticle-based contrast agent that can track stem cell viability using photoacoustic imaging. The contrast agent consists of inert gold nanorods coated with IR775c, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive near-infrared dye. Upon cell death, stem cells produce ROS to degrade the cell. Using this feature of stem cells, the viability can be measured by comparing the IR775c signal to the ROS insensitive gold nanorod signal, which can also be used to track stem cell location. The nanoprobe was successfully loaded into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and then, MSCs were transplanted into the lower limb of a mouse and imaged using combined ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. MSC viability was assessed using the nanoprobe and displayed significant cell death within 24 h and an estimated 5% viability after 10 days. This nanoparticle system allows for longitudinal tracking of MSC viability in vivo with high spatial and temporal resolution which other imaging modalities currently cannot achieve.
The emergence of clinically efficacious prescription drugs to treat pain, anxiety, and learning disorders is accompanied by the potential for nonmedical use. Prescription drug abuse has become a ...modern‐day epidemic in the United States and is now second only to marijuana use across all age groups. This article reviews the various data collection, analysis, and reporting systems that have been developed in response to the growing concern for nonmedical prescription drug use. The terminology used to categorize prescription drugs that are abused and the various definitions for abuse, misuse, and nonmedical use are discussed. The epidemiology of nonmedical prescription drug use and an overview of each class of prescription drug that is at risk for nonmedical use are presented along with details of specific drugs that are associated with significant morbidity or mortality.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010) 88 3, 307–317. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.154
Probiotics are widely used in functional foods. However, little has been discussed about its potential application in food fortification. Therefore, researchers have studied the possible products ...that can come out through the presence and activity of probiotics under certain conditions and examined the increase in their nutritional value. In this review, we discuss the most recent data about the role of probiotics in dairy foods in incorporating minerals into amino acids, their ability to synthesize B-complex vitamins and peptides, and the methodological strategies and emerging technologies for quantifying each of these modifications.
With our research, we contribute to the research on proactive work behavior in two ways. First, we examine a person's gender as a boundary condition for proactive behavior at work. Based on social ...role theory, we argue that women are less likely to receive credit for showing personal initiative (PI) than men. Second, we examine agency and communion as underlying mechanisms that translate PI into a person's evaluation and drive backlash effects. The hypotheses were tested in two complementary experimental studies (Study 1; N = 114, Study 2: N = 163) using simulated job interviews. Our results show that PI relates to better evaluations (likeability, perceived competence, performance evaluations, expected success and hireability) of the job applicant and that these effects are mediated by agency and communion. Further, we find backlash effects for women high in agency and men high in communion on likeability (Study 2). The implications of these results for organizations and future research are discussed.
In the present study, we complement role congruity theory with insights from the Social Identity Model of Leadership. We propose that especially female leaders benefit from team prototypicality, ...i.e., being representative of the group they are leading. We assume that team prototypicality shifts the comparative frame away from higher-order categories like gender and leader roles to more concrete team-related properties and thereby reduces disadvantages for female leader that stem from the incongruity between the leader role and the female gender role stereotypes. Further, this effect should affect both (female) leaders themselves and their perception by their followers. Building on previous research, we predict, first, lower authentic leadership behavior for female than male leaders. Second, that team prototypicality positively relates to authentic leadership and trust in leader. Third, that team prototypicality has stronger relations to authentic leadership and trust in leader for female compared to male leaders. We tested assumptions in a randomized online experiment (Study 1,
N
= 315) and a cross-sectional survey study (Study 2,
N
= 300). We did not find consistent support for the assumed gender differences in authentic leadership. But our results (both in manifest and in latent analyses) show that team prototypicality—both self-perceived (Study 1) and as perceived by employees (Study 2)—is related to more authentic leadership and more trust in leader (Study 2) and that these relations are stronger for female than for male leaders. Furthermore, we tested in Study 2 an extended model including follower’s job satisfaction as the final follower outcome affected
via
team prototypicality, leader gender, authentic leadership, and trust in leader. Thereby, we found that team prototypicality has direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction as carried through authentic leadership and trust in leader, respectively. Together, the results of both studies support our assumptions and show that female leaders can reduce role incongruity barriers through high team prototypicality. Implications for future research and practical implications of these results for gender equality are discussed.
With a current estimate of ~1,000 million tons, mesopelagic fishes likely dominate the world total fishes biomass. However, recent acoustic observations show that mesopelagic fishes biomass could be ...significantly larger than the current estimate. Here we combine modelling and a sensitivity analysis of the acoustic observations from the Malaspina 2010 Circumnavigation Expedition to show that the previous estimate needs to be revised to at least one order of magnitude higher. We show that there is a close relationship between the open ocean fishes biomass and primary production, and that the energy transfer efficiency from phytoplankton to mesopelagic fishes in the open ocean is higher than what is typically assumed. Our results indicate that the role of mesopelagic fishes in oceanic ecosystems and global ocean biogeochemical cycles needs to be revised as they may be respiring ~10% of the primary production in deep waters.
Introduction
Suicide remains a major problem throughout society. Unfortunately, recommendations for the treatment of suicidal clients are often presented at a general level, without providing ...adequate detail that could guide the practicing clinician.
Objectives
The review explains three main strategies that can be used to helpr educe the risk of suicide among depressed adults.
Methods
Method: The review identified three themes derives from an integration of 30+ years of clinical experience working with depressed outpatients combined with a comprehensive review of recent journal articles on depression and suicide.
Results
First, clients may become suicidal when they focus on unfortunate events from their recent or distant past, resulting in tendencies for rumination and guilt. Therapy can help clients cultivate an attitude of contentment, promoting self-forgiveness and a sense of accomplishment. Second, suicidal clients often focus on their current struggles, frequently involving financial problems, interpersonal conflict, and social isolation. Therapy can help clients to embrace life through planned activities, reconnecting with loved ones, and repairing damaged relationships. Third, clients may struggle because of hopeless views of their future, feeling trapped in a desperate situation with no possible solution. Therapy can help clients look to the future with a more optimist attitude and a sense of control.
Conclusions
Clients can learn to search for realistic solutions to their problems, developing a renewed sense of optimism and empowerment. The risk of suicide can be reduced when therapy helps clients reduce guilt and worthlessness, increase meaningful social bonds, and instill realistic hope for the future.
Conflict of interest
No significant relationships.
PDF
