This work discusses the decolorization and degradation of textile azo dye solutions containing Acid Yellow 36 (AY-36) by the electro-Fenton process (EF) using an undivided electrochemical cell ...containing a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode as cathode for H
2O
2 production. The independent parameters of current density, dye concentration, Fe
2
+
concentration and electrolysis time in the range of 8–23
mA/cm
2, 60–80
mg/L, 0.1–0.3
mM and 10–50
min, respectively, were evaluated. Experimental data were optimized by means of a 2
4 factorial design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). These results revealed that the optimal operating conditions to achieve 95.9% efficiency for dye decolorization with complete degradation were current density
=
15
mA/cm
2, AY-36 concentration
=
80
mg/L, Fe
2
+
content
=
0.3
mM and electrolysis time
=
50
min. This was confirmed with UV–vis and HPLC assessments during the EF/BDD treatment.
► Hydrogen peroxide was electrogenerated at BDD cathode. ► The dye Acid Yellow 36 was decolorized by electro-Fenton process. ► Decolorization depended on current density, dye and Fe2
+ contents and electrolysis time. ► These variable parameters were optimized by response surface methodology.
Developments in microbial fuel cell modeling Ortiz-Martínez, V.M.; Salar-García, M.J.; de los Ríos, A.P. ...
Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996),
07/2015, Letnik:
271
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Modeling is a powerful tool for the in-depth study and optimization of MFCs.•MFC modeling allows valuable data to be collected for decision-making.•MFC models can be classified according to the ...approach they follow and their complexity.•MFC modeling studies remain scarce compared with experimental works.
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer promising prospects in the field of renewable energy since green electrical power is produced by the microbial activity and wastewater is treated simultaneously. MFCs are complex devices whose study requires an interdisciplinary approach as many processes of a diverse nature are involved. Interest in MFC has significantly increased in recent decades, and much scientific effort has been dedicated to making this technology more efficient. However, the focus has been on experimental work, and MFC modeling has tended to be neglected, and only recently has it received more attention with a consequent rise in the number of new MFC models available. Modeling is an effective tool for gaining a better understanding of MFCs, since it has many advantages in terms of cost and time savings. The present article looks at the state of modeling and simulation of MFCs and outlines and classifies the most prominent models described in the literature. Since modeling approaches can vary greatly from case to case, this work will summarize the advantages and drawbacks of each approach, including not only models based on classic approaches but also those using mathematical optimization techniques.
Summary Background Conradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome (CDPX2, OMIM 302960) is an inherited X‐linked dominant variant of chondrodysplasia punctata which primarily affects the skin, bones and eyes. ...CDPX2 results from mutations in EBP (emopamil binding protein), and presents with increased levels of sterol precursors 8(9)‐cholestenol and 8‐dehydrocholesterol.
Objectives To expand the understanding of CDPX2, clinically, biochemically and genetically.
Methods We present one of the largest series reported to date, including 13 female patients belonging to nine Spanish families. Patients were studied biochemically using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, genetically using polymerase chain reaction and in their methylation status using the HUMARA assay.
Results In our cases, there was a clear relationship between abnormal sterol profile and the EBP gene mutation. We describe three novel mutations in the EBP gene. EBP mutations were inherited in three out of nine families and were sporadic in the remaining cases.
Conclusions No clear genotype–phenotype correlation was found. Patients’ biochemical profiles did not reveal a relationship between sterol profiles and severity of disease. A skewed X‐chromosome inactivation may explain the clinical phenotype in CDPX2 in some familial cases.
Aims
To analyse nursing students’ perception of the Magnet hospital attributes of the work environment at the hospitals where they perform their clinical placement and the relationship of this factor ...to their clinical learning environment and supervision, satisfaction and intention to stay in those hospitals once graduated.
Design
This study had a cross‐sectional, correlational, design.
Methods
Data were collected using self‐reported questionnaires from 180 nursing students at a university in southeast Spain between September–October 2018. Nursing work environment and clinical learning environment were measured using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale, respectively. Students’ satisfaction with the work environment and with the clinical learning process were measured using a four‐point Likert scale developed by the researchers. Percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman and phi correlation were used to analyse the data.
Results
Nursing students’ perception of greater Magnet‐like features at work environment was associated with better clinical learning environment (Spearman rs = |0.22–0.54|; p < .01) and satisfaction with the work environment (Spearman rs = 0.18; p = .01) and with their learning process (Spearman rs = 0.21; p < .01). Greater intention to stay working in the hospital after graduation was significantly associated with greater satisfaction with the learning process (phi = 0.31; p < .01) and the work environment (phi = 0.23; p = .02).
Conclusion
Magnet‐like features at the work environment lead to superior clinical learning environment and higher students’ satisfaction, two factors that play a decisive role in their decision to stay at hospitals where they performed clinicals after graduation.
Impact
In the face of a global nurse shortage, nursing managers and faculty leaders should consider the improvement of nursing workplaces as a strategic alliance to promote satisfactory clinical learning experience and aid recruitment of nurses.
摘要
目的
分析护理学生对临床实习医院工作环境的磁性医院属性的认知,以及该因素与毕业后临床学习环境、监管、满意度及留院意愿的关系。
设计
本研究采用横向相关性设计。
方法
从2018年9月到10月,在西班牙东南部的一家大学,采用自填式问卷从180名护理学生处采集数据。分别采用实习环境量表的护理工作指标和临床学习环境、监管及护理教师量表测量护理工作环境和临床学习环境。采用由研究员制定的四点李克特量表测定学生对于工作环境和临床学习过程的满意度。采用百分比、频率、平均值、标准偏差、χ2测试、曼‐惠特尼U检验、斯皮尔曼和phi相关系数来分析数据。
结果
护理学生对工作环境中更具磁性特征的感知与更好的临床学习环境(斯皮尔曼rs=0.22–0.54 | p<0.01)和对工作环境(斯皮尔曼rs=0.18;p=0.01)及其学习过程的满意度(斯皮尔曼rs=0.21;p<0.01)相关。毕业后留在医院工作的意愿越高,对学习过程的满意度越高(phi=0.31;p<0.01),对工作环境的满意度越高(phi=0.23;p=0.02)。
结论
工作环境中的磁性特征决定着更好的临床学习环境和更高的学生满意度,这两个因素对他们决定毕业后留在医院做临床医生起着决定性的作用。
影响
在全球护士短缺的情况下,护理管理者和院系领导应考虑将改善护理工作环境视为一个战略联盟,以促进令人满意的临床学习经验,并协助招聘护士。
Yebes 40m radio telescope is the main and largest observing instrument at Yebes Observatory and it is devoted to Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and single dish observations since 2010. It ...has been covering frequency bands between 2 GHz and 90 GHz in discontinuous and narrow windows in most of the cases, to match the current needs of the European VLBI Network (EVN) and the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA).
Nanocosmos project, a European Union funded synergy grant, opened the possibility to increase the instantaneous frequency coverage to observe many molecular transitions with single tunnings in single dish mode. This reduces the observing time and maximises the output from the telescope.
We present the technical specifications of the recently installed 31.5 - 50GHz (Q band) and 72 - 90.5 GHz (W band) receivers along with the main characteristics of the telescope at these frequency ranges. We have observed IRC+10216, CRL 2688 and CRL 618, which harbour a rich molecular chemistry, to demonstrate the capabilities of the new instrumentation for spectral observations in single dish mode.
The results show the high sensitivity of the telescope in the Q band. The spectrum of IRC+10126 offers a signal to noise ratio never seen before for this source in this band. On the other hand, the spectrum normalised by the continuum flux towards CRL 618 in the W band demonstrates that the 40 m radio telescope produces comparable results to those from the IRAM 30 m radio telescope, although with a smaller sensitivity. The new receivers fulfil one of the main goals of Nanocosmos and open the possibility to study the spectrum of different astrophysical media with unprecedented sensitivity.
We report the experimental observation of a submicron cellular structure on the surface of silicon targets eroded by an ion plasma. Analysis by atomic force microscopy allows us to assess the time ...evolution and show that the system can be described quantitatively by the convective Cahn-Hilliard equation, found in the study of domain coarsening for a large class of driven systems. The space-filling trait of the ensuing pattern relates it to evolving foams. Through this connection, we are actually able to derive the coarsening law for the pattern wavelength from the nontrivial topological dynamics of the cellular structure. Thus, the study of the topological properties of patterns in nonvariational spatially extended systems emerges as complementary to morphological approaches to their challenging coarsening properties.
In recent years, sensory polymers have evolved significantly, emerging as versatile and cost-effective materials valued for their flexibility and lightweight nature. These polymers have transformed ...into sophisticated, active systems capable of precise detection and interaction, driving innovation across various domains, including smart materials, biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and industrial safety. Their unique responsiveness to specific stimuli has sparked considerable interest and exploration in numerous applications. However, along with these advancements, notable challenges need to be addressed. Issues such as wearable technology integration, biocompatibility, selectivity and sensitivity enhancement, stability and reliability improvement, signal processing optimization, IoT integration, and data analysis pose significant hurdles. When considered collectively, these challenges present formidable barriers to the commercial viability of sensory polymer-based technologies. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach encompassing technological innovation, regulatory compliance, market analysis, and commercialization strategies. Successfully navigating these complexities is essential for unlocking the full potential of sensory polymers and ensuring their widespread adoption and impact across industries, while also providing guidance to the scientific community to focus their research on the challenges of polymeric sensors and to understand the future prospects where research efforts need to be directed.
Summary
Background
Relatively few studies have examined the incidence of anaphylaxis in the general population.
Objective
To report the incidence of anaphylaxis among the general population of the ...city of Alcorcon, Spain, using various public health care databases.
Methods
Episodes of anaphylaxis were recovered using validated alphanumeric strings in different fields of electronic clinical records used in the different public health settings in the city of Alcorcon (primary care, Emergency Department, hospitalized patients and Allergy Outpatient Clinic). Patients with anaphylaxis were tracked across the different clinical settings in Alcorcon.
Results
The incidence of anaphylaxis in Alcorcon was 103.37 episodes per 100 000 person‐years (total standardized incidence rate of 112.2). There was a peak of 313.58 episodes in the 0–4 years age group and a different distribution of incidence rates (although non‐significant) among different age groups between male patients and female patients. In most age groups, incidence tended to be higher for female patients aged over 10 years. Patients were attended at two or more levels in 76.78% of episodes, and a new evaluation was often made at a primary care centre (71.43%), Allergy Outpatient Clinic (75.6%), or both after the episode (58.93%).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
This study revealed a higher rate of anaphylaxis than that in previous studies, although this incidence rate is probably lower than the real incidence rate. Studies exploring potential methodological, genetic and environmental factors accounting for these higher rates of anaphylaxis are required.
We present observations of rapid (sub-second) optical flux variability in V404 Cyg during its 2015 June outburst. Simultaneous three-band observations with the ULTRACAM fast imager on four nights ...show steep power spectra dominated by slow variations on ∼100–1000 s time-scales. Near the peak of the outburst on June 26, a dramatic change occurs and additional, persistent sub-second optical flaring appears close in time to giant radio and X-ray flaring. The flares reach peak optical luminosities of ∼ few × 1036 erg s−1. Some are unresolved down to a time resolution of 24 ms. Whereas the fast flares are stronger in the red, the slow variations are bluer when brighter. The redder slopes, emitted power and characteristic time-scales of the fast flares can be explained as optically thin synchrotron emission from a compact jet arising on size scales ∼140–500 Gravitational radii (with a possible additional contribution by a thermal particle distribution). The origin of the slower variations is unclear. The optical continuum spectral slopes are strongly affected by dereddening uncertainties and contamination by strong Hα emission, but the variations of these slopes follow relatively stable loci as a function of flux. Cross-correlating the slow variations between the different bands shows asymmetries on all nights consistent with a small red skew (i.e. red lag). X-ray reprocessing and non-thermal emission could both contribute to these. These data reveal a complex mix of components over five decades in time-scale during the outburst.
ABSTRACT
Objective
To evaluate prospectively the performance of Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE) applied to spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) volume datasets of the normal ...fetal heart.
Methods
In all women between 19 and 30 weeks' gestation with a normal fetal heart, an attempt was made to acquire STIC volume datasets of the apical four‐chamber view if the following criteria were met: (1) fetal spine located between 5‐ and 7‐o'clock positions; (2) minimal or absent shadowing (including a clearly visible transverse aortic arch); (3) absence of fetal breathing, hiccups, or movement; and (4) adequate image quality. Each STIC volume successfully acquired was evaluated by STICLoop™ to determine its appropriateness before applying the FINE method. Visualization rates of fetal echocardiography views using diagnostic planes and/or Virtual Intelligent Sonographer Assistance (VIS‐Assistance®) were calculated.
Results
One or more STIC volumes (365 in total) were obtained successfully in 72.5% (150/207) of women undergoing ultrasound examination. Of the 365 volumes evaluated by STICLoop, 351 (96.2%) were considered to be appropriate. From the 351 STIC volumes, only one STIC volume per patient (n = 150) was analyzed using the FINE method, and consequently nine fetal echocardiography views were generated in 76–100% of cases using diagnostic planes only, in 98–100% of cases using VIS‐Assistance only, and in 98–100% of cases when using a combination of diagnostic planes and/or VIS‐Assistance.
Conclusions
In women between 19 and 30 weeks' gestation with a normal fetal heart undergoing prospective sonographic examination, STIC volumes can be obtained successfully in 72.5% of cases. The FINE method can be applied to generate nine standard fetal echocardiography views in 98–100% of these cases using a combination of diagnostic planes and/or VIS‐Assistance. This suggests that FINE could be implemented in fetal cardiac screening programs. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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