This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of modifying the classic implantation technique for aortic transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation to a cusp-overlap-projection (COP) ...technique to achieve a higher implantation depth and to reduce the burden of new permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) at 30 days. Aortic self-expanding THV carries an elevated risk for PPMI. A higher implantation depth minimizes the damage in the conduction system and may reduce PPMI rates.
From March 2017, 226 patients were consecutively included: 113 patients were treated using the COP implantation technique compared with the previous 113 consecutive patients treated using the classic technique. In all patients, implantation depth was assessed by 3 methods (noncoronary cusp to the THV, mean of the noncoronary cusp and the left coronary cusp to the THV, and the deepest edge from the left coronary cusp and the noncoronary cusp to the THV).
The COP group had a lower implantation depth than the group treated with the classic technique (4.8 mm± 2.2 vs 5.7 mm± 3.1; P=.011; 5.8 mm± 3.1 vs 6.5 mm± 2.4; P=.095; 7.1 mm± 2.8 vs 7.4 mm±3.2; P=.392). Forty patients (17.7%) required a new PPMI after the 30-day follow-up but this requirement was significantly lower in the COP group (12.4% vs 23%, P=.036). The COP implantation technique consistently protected against the main event (OR, 0.45; 95%CI, 0.21-0.97; P=.043), with similar procedural success rates and complications.
The COP implantation technique is a simple modification of the implantation protocol and provides a higher implantation depth of self-expanding-THV with lower conduction disturbances and PPMI rates.
Una profundidad más alta del implante percutáneo de una válvula aórtica autoexpandible minimiza el daño en el sistema de conducción y puede reducir las tasas de marcapasos permanente a 30 días. El objetivo es determinar la seguridad y la eficacia de modificar la técnica de implante clásica para el reemplazo percutáneo de la válvula aórtica a una técnica de proyección de superposición de cúspides (PSC) para lograr una profundidad más alta del implante y reducir la necesidad de marcapasos permanente.
Desde marzo de 2017 se incluyó a 226 pacientes consecutivos: 113 tratados con técnica de implante PSC frente a 113 casos consecutivos previos con implante clásico. La profundidad del implante se evaluó mediante 3 métodos en todos los pacientes (cúspide no coronaria a VCC; media de cúspide no coronaria y cúspide coronaria izquierda a VCC y el borde más profundo de cúspide coronaria izquierda y cúspide no coronaria a VCC).
El grupo de PSC presentó una profundidad del implante menor que el del grupo de implante clásico (4,8±2,2 frente a 5,7±3,1 mm; p=0,011; 5,8±3,1 frente a 6,5±2,4 mm; p=0,095; 7,1±2,8 frente a 7,4±3,2 mm; p=0,392). A los 30 días de seguimiento, 40 pacientes (17,7%) requirieron el implante de marcapasos permanente, menos en el grupo de PSC (el 12,4 frente al 23%; p=0,036). La técnica de implante PSC protegió contra el evento principal (OR=0,45; IC95%, 0,21-0,97; p=0,043), con parecidos éxito del procedimiento y complicaciones.
La técnica de implante PSC es una simple modificación en el protocolo que proporciona una profundidad del implante más alta de la prótesis valvular autoexpandible con menores alteraciones de la conducción y tasas de marcapasos permanente.
The development of transcatheter therapies to treat valvular heart diseases has changed the rules of the game, particularly in the case of aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. In the last years, ...the tricuspid valve has also been the focus of these percutaneous techniques for several reasons: (1) tricuspid regurgitation is a frequent disease associated with poor clinical outcomes in spite of medical treatment, leading to end-stage right ventricular heart failure, (2) surgical tricuspid valve repair or replacement has been the treatment of choice for patients with tricuspid valve disease, but high mortality rates for isolated surgical tricuspid valve intervention have been reported in the literature, and (3) most patients with tricuspid pathology are ultimately denied cardiac surgery because of their comorbidity burden. Thus, in this context the development of less invasive catheter-based therapies would be of high clinical relevance. The present review provides an overview regarding the framework of chronic tricuspid regurgitation transcatheter therapeutic options, summarizes the transcatheter systems under clinical use or clinical evaluation with their technical features, and describes the updated current evidence in this challenging and evolving field.
The main objective of this study is to determine whether exposure to Saharan dust causes airway inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with stable chronic heart failure (HF) and a left ...ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%.
A longitudinal study design is used, involving the inclusion of 40 patients with stable chronic HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%. Four sputum samplings will be taken from each patient, with one sampling taken each week over four consecutive weeks. The sputum samples will be used to analyze the degree of inflammation and oxidative stress. Air quality monitoring stations will be used to analyze the particulate matter (PM) exposure of each patient. The intrusion of desert dust will be identified using meteorological models. There will be 160 scheduled samplings in 40 patients with chronic HF. Mixed regression models will be used to assess the influence of the concentrations of PM (from the episodes of desert dust) upon the airway inflammation and oxidative stress markers.
The results of this study will test the hypothesis that exposure to high concentrations of Saharan dust affects the normal function of the respiratory epithelium due to the imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes, thus causing increased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with HF that in turn may facilitate decompensations of their background disease condition.
In aged population, the early and long-term outcomes of coronary revascularization (CABG) added to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) compared to isolated SAVR (i-SAVR) are conflicting. To ...address this limitation, a meta-analysis comparing the early and late outcomes of SAVR plus CABG with i-SAVR was performed. Electronic databases from January 2000 to November 2021 were screened. Studies reporting early-term and long-term comparison between the two treatments in patients over 75 years were analyzed. The primary endpoints were in-hospital/30-day mortality and overall long-term survival. The pooled odd ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for in-early outcome and long-term survival, respectively. Random-effect model was used in all analyses. Forty-four retrospective observational studies reporting on 74,560 patients (i-SAVR = 36,062; SAVR + CABG = 38,498) were included for comparison. The pooled analysis revealed that i-SAVR was significantly associated with lower rate of early mortality compared to SAVR plus CABG (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.66–0.75;
p
< 0.0001) and with lower incidence of postoperative acute renal failure (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.50–0.91;
p
= 0.02), need for dialysis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.50–0.86;
p
= 0.002) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.42–0.77;
p
< 0.0001). Twenty-two studies reported data of long-term follow-up. No differences were reported between the two groups in long-term survival (HR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.87–1.03;
p
= 0.23). CABG added to SAVR is associated with worse early outcomes in terms of early mortality, postoperative acute renal failure, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Long-term survival was comparable between the two treatments.
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury represents a critical problem associated with interventional approaches for coronary reperfusion. Pharmacological cardioprotective interventions are ...advocated to ameliorate IR injury. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent with a wide range of therapeutic properties that may contribute to its cardioprotective effects. No systematic review or meta-analysis has compared melatonin vs. placebo as a cardioprotective agent in humans. The present study, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, was carried out to assess melatonin's efficacy as a cardioprotective treatment. We performed a systematic review of the available literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and information was extracted using predefined data extraction forms. The primary outcomes were (a) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and (b) blood troponin levels in patients who underwent myocardial revascularization and were randomized to melatonin or placebo. The inverse-variance random-effects method was used to pool the estimates. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences were calculated. A total of 283 records were screened and seven RCTs met all the inclusion criteria. After the pooled analysis, the results on LVEF were consistent across all studies, and a significant heterogeneity was found in the results on troponin levels. The melatonin-treated patients had on average higher LVEF than the placebo-treated individuals with a weighted mean difference = 3.1% (95% CI 0.6–5.5,
p
= 0.01). Five works compared the levels of troponin after melatonin or placebo treatment. The melatonin-treated patients had lower levels of troponin with a standardized mean difference = −1.76 (95% CI −2.85 to −0.67,
p
= 0.002). The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that melatonin administration in humans as a cardioprotective agent attenuated heart dysfunction with a favorable effect on the LVEF.
Abstract Introduction and objectives: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an infectious disease that can present as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ...Without an effective drug therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is essential when invasive mechanical ventilation fails in severe cases. Our study carried out a systematic review of the studies published in 2020 to analyze the mortality of patients with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 who required ECMO. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on Medline combining keywords on SARS-CoV-2 and ECMO. All studies published during 2020 with positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 treated with ECMO were included, whether observational studies or case series. However, due to the heterogeneity in the methodology of the studies, a proper statistical analysis could not be carried out, which ended up limiting our findings. Results: Our research identified 41 publications during this period including 2007 cases of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who required invasive support with ECMO. Among these, 985 (49%) improved clinically and were decannulated or discharged from the hospital, while 660 (32.8%) died despite invasive mechanical support. Only 357 patients (17.7%) still needed ventilation support with ECMO at the time of publication of these studies without describing the final clinical outcome. Conclusions: ECMO therapy could be useful in patients with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 according to the recommendations established in the clinical guidelines and based on the availability of financial resources during the pandemic. Conducting a randomized clinical trial comparing the use of ECMO with conventional invasive ventilatory therapy would provide more evidence on this regard and, consequently, more data on the management of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The use of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is rapidly increasing. Anatomical changes have been described after TEER with the MitraClip system in patients with functional mitral ...regurgitation (MR), although no study has yet evaluated such anatomical impacts in patients treated with the G4 MitraClip generation.
This research constituted a prospective, single-center, observational study including consecutive patients with functional MR. Mitral three-dimensional images were obtained transesophageally with echocardiography before and immediately after TEER. Patients receiving the late-generation (G4) system were compared to those receiving early-generation systems.
A total of 116 functional MR patients were evaluated, and 40 (34.5%) and 76 (65.5%) received a late-generation (G4) or early-generation device system, respectively. The baseline clinical and echocardiographic features were well-balanced between the groups. Overall, there was a significant reduction in mitral annular size after the intervention, and greater reductions in the anteroposterior diameter (4 mm vs. 3.54 mm,
= 0.03), annular perimeter (11.07 mm vs. 5.29 mm for 3D-perimeter,
= 0.001), and annular area (1.29 cm
vs. 1.03 cm
,
= 0.002) were found for patients receiving the late G4 device generation compared to the early-generation systems.
In patients with functional MR, we observed significant changes in mitral valve anatomy with a reduction in anteroposterior diameter, valve perimeter, and area. In our cohort, the extent of those changes was greater with the use of the new-generation G4 MitraClip system compared to prior device generations.
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