The article involves a study along the line of performance analysis of tourist destinations, yet taking the regions as territorial units and cultural tourism as a tourist flow to be explored. The aim ...of this study is therefore to evaluate the technical efficiency of regions in attracting greater flows of cultural tourism considering their own cultural resources available in the medium term. The analysis will be carried out at a regional disaggregation level in Spain, and one hypothetical production function will be designed to link cultural resources and demand. We adopt a two-stage procedure to evaluate regional efficiency as cultural destinations: first, measuring performance by non-parametric methods; and second, analysing how other external variables might determine these efficiency ratios. In this case, we consider indicators representing reputation, accessibility, the omnivorous nature of cultural tourism as well as the scope to the regional cultural sector. The findings of this research have implications for economic development and regional disparity analysis and may also prove to be of potential interest vis-à-vis economic policy.
Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency of tourist destinations at a global scale, considering 140 countries and drawing on World Economic Forum 2019 data. The approach follows three stages. First, we ...try to solve the problem of sample heterogeneity through cluster analysis to obtain homogeneous groups of countries. Second, we apply data envelopment analysis to evaluate countries’ efficiency as tourist destinations, considering a territorially based virtual production function which optimizes the flow of revenue from international tourism grounded on a set of inputs such as accommodation capacity, employment of tourist sector and volume of tourist arrivals. Finally, we identify which external factors might determine tourism efficiency by using bootstrap truncated regression analysis. We obtain two groups of countries which evidence differential levels of competitiveness. Rather than natural resources, cultural heritage in a broad sense seems to act as factor that enhances tourism efficiency.
Our aim is to evaluate the performance of American dance companies, considering that the production process may be subdivided into consecutive stages consisting of fundraising, artistic production, ...and social impact. A three‐stage network‐Data Envelopment Analysis model is applied which takes account of the links between stages in the form of intermediate inputs/outputs and provides an overall indicator of efficiency together with partial performance indicators in the stages. Given the lack of information for some variables, we previously undertook a process to impute missing values following MICE (multiple imputation by chained equations) procedures. Results show that the highest levels of efficiency are achieved during the cultural creation stage, whereas the lowest correspond to social impact, indicating that dance companies pursue artistic excellence in their cultural programming, irrespective of their activity's commercial outcomes. Moreover, public and private funds are seen to be channeled following this guideline, thereby justifying the non‐profit status of these entities.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a homogeneous state-run network of museums. Nonparametric models are used to measure relative efficiency in these institutions, and we employ a ...complex production function embracing a number of inputs and outputs adapted to the various functions which museums fulfil: preservation, research, communication, and exhibition. Our approach considers that managers drive certain outputs, but that others escape their control since they are co-produced by visitors and determined by demand conditions and external factors. Based on this, a network two-stage data envelopment analysis approach is applied to evaluate museums’ overall performance and to distinguish between efficiency in two stages: internal management and external outcomes. The low levels of performance and gaps in the scores from the first to the second stage suggest there are external factors that might determine museum performance. We therefore apply truncated regression models to analyse how and how much certain environmental variables might shape levels of museum efficiency. In this case, we consider indicators such as accessibility, tourism capacity, cultural appeal, museum age and the institutional management model. The application is performed on a sample taken from a Spanish state-run network of museums. Results show that, in general, good levels of efficiency in terms of management do not guarantee success when attracting visitors, and there seems to be a trade-off between the two goals. Variables such as tourism capacity and heritage endowments in the surrounding area, as well as the museum’s management model, may determine museums’ efficiency levels. The research findings may prove useful for running these cultural institutions and for those responsible for public resource allocation in cultural policies as well as for scholars, who may find a fresh approach for modelling museum efficiency and for discussing drivers of museum management success.
Most studies on performance evaluation in the cultural sector are based on the efficiency assessment of a network of institutions. Nevertheless, very few works take territorial divisions as the case ...study. Under this approach, we design a spatial production function which merges several cultural resources in order to optimize the impact of a regional system of cultural institutions in terms of cultural production and use of services provided. The aim of this paper is therefore to evaluate the efficiency of cultural heritage institutions in Spain from a regional perspective. We take regional networks of museums and libraries as emblematic case studies over a long period, from 2002 to 2020. We first apply a dynamic-network DEA model to measure efficiency, which allows the production function to be divided into stages and time intervals, considering inter-reliant inputs between production phases and time lapses. We also apply truncated regression models to study the effect of external variables on regional cultural efficiency, especially those related to socioeconomic conditions in regions, the scope of the cultural and tourist sector, and institutional indicators. Results show that regional cultural efficiency depends on the level of training and on the demographic structure rather than on economic wealth. Differences are also found between the goals of cultural production and cultural consumption (visitor impact). These findings might prove useful for policy implications regarding resource allocation vis-à-vis defining and accomplishing cultural purposes at a regional scale, and also for revealing causes of inefficiency with a view to improving quality in institutions –which ultimately drives economic development.
•We evaluate the efficiency of cultural institutions from a regional perspective.•We use DNDEA to measure regional efficiency and truncated regression to evaluate external effects.•The stage on cultural consumption impact is always more efficient than cultural production, both in museums and libraries.•Regional cultural efficiency depends on the level of training rather than economic wealth.•Cultural sector size affects efficiency in programming and tourism controls impact success.
Deep-Rooted Culture and Economic Development Herrero-Prieto, Luis César; Miguel, Iván Boal-San; Gómez-Vega, Mafalda
Social indicators research,
07/2019, Letnik:
144, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This work involves undertaking a reappraisal of the Seven Deadly Sins in order to construct synthetic indicators of well-being aimed at measuring spatial economic disparities and their link to ...economic development. The Seven Deadly Sins constitute a way of describing vices vis-à-vis Christian moral education. Yet they might also be viewed as general norms of social behaviour and interpreted today as notions related to the concept of well-being. For example, the level of concentration of wealth (greed), sustainability of resources (gluttony), safety index (wrath), problems adapting to the labour market or workplace absenteeism (sloth), etc. The Seven Deadly Sins have also yielded emblematic examples of artistic iconography and cultural production. How they are perceived and expressed may also differ depending on each group’s cultural idiosyncrasy, in the sense of a series of beliefs and attitudes forged over the centuries. Based on these premises, the current work first seeks to compile variables that reflect each conceptual dimension so as to later construct a synthetic indicator of well-being with territorial disaggregation. This enables us to explore spatial disparities and the extent to which they relate to economic development. This is applied to a group of countries in the European Union with NUTS 2 territorial disaggregation (regions). The sources of information are basically Eurostat. The method involves applying Data Envelopment Analysis to construct the synthetic indicator, and spatial econometrics to pinpoint spatial dependence effects.
Measuring emotion through quality Gómez-Vega, Mafalda; Herrero-Prieto, Luis César
Journal of cultural economics,
06/2019, Letnik:
43, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Repertoire programming decisions taken by symphony orchestra managers usually pursue a mixture of aims embracing both quality and audience success, but are influenced by various factors. Our goal is ...to assess the quality of the repertoire of Spanish symphony orchestras and to gauge the impact of a series of external variables on the programming decisions. We take a sample of 20 professional symphony orchestras covering a homogenous period from 2014 to 2017. First, we summarise the quality in the repertoires through three partial indices (contemporaneity, most well-known composers and conventionality) before constructing a composite quality indicator using Data Envelopment Analysis. Second, we use regression analysis to examine the effect on the programme quality of various external variables, some related to the internal management of the orchestras, others addressing the socio-economic contextual aspects of the area in which they are located. We also carried out a cluster analysis to identify the most frequent programming strategies. We find there are two programming strategies, ranging from novelty and risk to more stable and safe repertoires based on well-known composers. The quality of orchestras is linked to longer seasons, how young these institutions are, and their being located in Madrid, whereas the most conventional programmes correspond to longer-standing orchestras located in areas with older populations and lower levels of education.
The aim of this work is to posit a model to evaluate the efficiency of a system of urban public libraries and to examine the impact of certain contextual variables on the level of performance. We ...take the System of Public Libraries in the city of Medellin (Colombia) as a case study and consider a production function which displays three main characteristics. First, it is a complete production function which spans the different activities undertaken by these institutions, not only the one that identifies it with its function as a repository of knowledge. Second, there is the production function in stages, which allows us to distinguish between the various activities controlled by management from those coproduced with users, together with the link between the two. The third is a production function which takes into account temporal interdependence relations by identifying quasi-fixed inputs that remain for the provision of the service over time. This then allows us to analyse how efficiency evolves during the period in question. Efficiency evaluation is carried out by employing a dynamic-network-DEA model and we also apply truncated bootstrap regression to estimate the effect of certain contextual variables on library efficiency. The results evidence a growing trend in the efficiency indices, with values that are slightly more favourable in the second stage of service provision than in the stage focusing on managing the cultural programme. Factors such as the level of education, population density, youthfulness, and safety are seen to positively affect library performance, particularly in the second stage vis-à-vis the public.
•We analyse efficiency evaluation of urban public libraries, examining the effect of environmental variables.•We break down libraries’ production function into stages with inter-reliant inputs and intertemporal capital carry-overs.•We apply Dynamic-Network DEA for the first time in performance evaluation of cultural institutions.•Medellin libraries as case study, a city gaining recognition for using culture as a tool in urban and social change.•Libraries are increasingly more efficient in service provision than in managing cultural programming.
We evaluate tourist efficiency in Latin‐America and the Caribbean, an area of growing interest in international tourism. We take 17 countries with homogeneous information for 2011–2015 and apply a ...two‐stage conditioned evaluation. We gauge efficiency using data envelopment analysis of a production function to maximize overnight stays given tourist resources and estimate the impact of external factors for infrastructures, cultural and natural resources, level of development, and so forth. We use a double bootstrap procedure to correct bias in efficiency ratios and serial correlation with second stage variables. We find that countries operate below their possibilities when attracting international tourism. The most efficient are in the Caribbean and Mexico, who specialize in sun and sand tourism. There is evidence that cultural resources and transport infrastructure improve performance. We find the opposite for natural resources and other infrastructures. This research furthers our knowledge of tourist efficiency analysis in an area where such studies remain scarce.
•We measure dynamic efficiency and productivity of museums in order to study how receptive these cultural heritage institutions are to technical change and innovation.•We consider a production ...function broken down into stages and time intervals with inter-reliant inputs between activities and carry-over resources over time.•We apply a dynamic-network DEA model to measure efficiency and dynamic Malmquist indices to estimate productivity.•Overall productivity seems to be stable, although there is a significant technical change in the cultural production stage and there are efficiency improvements in attracting visitors.•This reflects a shift in museum priorities towards goals related to visibility and social impact.
The efficiency evaluation of cultural institutions is proving to be a highly fertile area for theoretical and applied research. Nevertheless, few studies have thus far focused on the dynamic analysis of efficiency and on estimating productivity to gauge how receptive these institutions are to technological progress. The present work provides an approach to these two goals for a sample of public museums in Spain by applying a non-parametric technique, the dynamic-network DEA model, and by calculating the corresponding dynamic Malmquist indices. This involves positing a production function broken down into production activities and time intervals, with inputs that are inter-related horizontally (production links) and vertically (time carry-overs). Results show that museum productivity remains practically stable over a long period of time, thus partly confirming the hypothesis of Baumol's cost disease adapted to these activities. Nevertheless, breaking down the indices into catch-up and shift-frontier effects reveals substantial growth in productivity at the stage involving the creation of the cultural supply, due to a displacement of the results frontier as well as significant improvements in museum efficiency at the stage involving the provision of services geared towards attracting visitors. This also reflects a change in museums’ functional priorities, where the goals related to visibility and activities involving dissemination and social impact prove to be particularly important.
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