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•Omega-3 fatty acid (FAs) oral intake is beneficial in regulating gene expression of cardiometabolic factors.•Omega-3 FA intake significantly up-regulates gene expression of the ...PPAR-gamma.•Omega-3 FA intake significantly down-regulates gene expression of LDLR and IL-1.
There is growing evidence of the beneficial health effects of omega-3 fatty acid (FAs) supplementation on gene expression of metabolic factors, but a summation of outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. Our aim was to investigate the state of the evidence on the potential impacts of omega-3 FA oral intake on gene expression of factors related to inflammation and oxidative stress (IL-1, IL-8, Sirt-1 and TNF-α) and cardiometabolic parameters (LDLR, PPAR-gamma, adiponectin, Lp(a), and GLUT-1).
Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until December 2020. RCTs which evaluated the effect of oral intake of omega-3 FA on gene expression of cardiometabolic risk factors were included. Data were extracted using STATA software and analyzed using a random effect model. The effect size is given in a standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The quality of the included RCTs was assessed by Cochrane tool and almost all studies had a fair quality.
Thirteen trials were included in this systematic review. Current analysis indicated that omega-3 FA intake significantly up-regulated the PPAR-gamma (SMD: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.48; I2 = 73.9%) and down-regulation of LDLR (SMD: −0.75; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.13; I2 = 77.8%) and IL-1(SMD: −0.89; 95% CI: −1.24, −0.54; I2 = 00.0%). However, these outcomes also indicate that omega-3 FA intake has no significant effect on the gene expression of adiponectin, GLUT-1, Lp(a), IL-8, Sirt-1 and TNF-α.
This analysis suggests that omega-3 FA intake may improve gene expression of PPAR-gamma, LDLR and IL-1. However, large well-designed, and long-duration RCTs are still required to clarify the effect of omega-3 FA intake on the expression of critical factors related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic parameters codifying genes.
Numerous studies have reported the association of ultra-processed foods with excess body weight; however, the nature and extent of this relation has not been clearly established. This systematic ...review was conducted to analyze the currently documented evidence regarding the association between ultra-processed food with overweight and obesity.
A literature search was performed using multiple literature databases for relevant articles published prior to November 2019. Random effects model, namely the DerSimonian-Laird method, was applied to pool effect sizes. The potential sources of heterogeneity across studies were explored using the Cochrane Q test.
Fourteen studies (one cohort study and thirteen cross-sectional studies) were included in this review. A significant association was identified between ultra-processed food intake and overweight (pooled effect size: 1.02; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01, 1.03, p < 0.001) and obesity (pooled effect size: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.41, p < 0.001).
Our findings revealed a positive association between ultra-processed foods and excess body weight. Future studies with longitudinal designs and adequate control for confounding factors are required to clarify whether ultra-processed food intake alters anthropometric parameters and leads to obesity.
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•Melatonin, is a tryptophan derivative antioxidant which has a key role in the regulation of daily rhythms.•Melatonin indirectly improves the potential function of antioxidants ...enzymes, such as GPx, GR, and SOD.•Melatonin significantly increases total antioxidant capacity and decreases lipid peroxidation.
Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between pro-oxidants and neutralizing antioxidants within the body, is a growing public health concern. Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of nearly all chronic diseases. Melatonin has been suggested to reduce oxidative stress by its potential radical scavenging properties.
To determine the efficacy and safety of melatonin as a therapy for the improvement of oxidative stress parameters in randomized controlled trials.
A systematic database search using Scopus, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials and clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov) for studies published up to July 2020 was conducted. We included studies which investigated the effect of supplemental melatonin compared to placebo on oxidative stress parameters in unhealthy patients. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using a random-effects model with standard mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Cochrane’s Q and I2 values were used to evaluate heterogeneity.
A total of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible. The meta-analysis indicated an association between melatonin intake and a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.30, 1.21; I2 = 80.1 %), glutathione (GSH) levels (SMD: 0.57; 95 % CI: 0.32, 0.83; I2 = 15.1 %), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD: 1.38; 95 % CI: 0.13, 2.62; I2 = 86.9 %), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 1.36; 95 % CI: 0.46, 2.30; I2 = 89.3 %), glutathione reductase (GR) (SMD: 1.21; 95 % CI: 0.65, 1.77; I2 = 00.0 %) activities, and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD: -0.79; 95 % CI: -1.19, -0.39; I2 = 73.1 %). Melatonin intake was not shown to significantly affect nitric oxide (NO) levels (SMD: -0.24; 95 % CI: -0.61, 0.14; I2 = 00.0 %) or catalase (CAT) activity (SMD: -1.38; 95 % CI: -1.42, 4.18; I2 = 96.6 %).
Melatonin intake was shown to have a significant impact on improving Oxidative stress parameters. However, future research through large, well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to determine the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress parameters in different age groups and different disease types.
The impact of combined omega-3 FAs and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress (OS) has been evaluated in several studies. However the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a ...systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the role of omega-3 FAplus vitamin E on anti-oxidant and OS parameters.
We searched five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from inception until March 15th 2018 for RCT covering OS parameters combined with omega-3 FAs and vitamin E. The effect of omega-3 FAs plus vitamin E combination on OS factors was determined as the standardized mean difference (SMD) calculated according to DerSimonian and Laird for the random effects model.
Nine articles were included in our analyses, significant improvements were observed in trials supplementing with omega-3 FAs plus vitamin E vs placebo for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD=0.63, 95%CI: 0.31 to 0.95, P<0.001) and nitric oxide (NO) (SMD=0.55, 95%CI: 0.23 to 0.87, P<0.001). Significant reduction was observed for malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: −0.48, 95%CI: −0.68 to −0.28, P<0.001). However, the results of meta-analysis did not show a significant difference in levels of glutathione (GSH) (SMD=0.34, 95%CI: −0.07 to 0.75, P=0.10), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (SMD: 0.07, 95% CI: −0.58 to 0.73, P=0.82) and Catalase (CAT) activity (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI: −0.30 to 1.79, P=0.16).
Co-supplementation with omega-3 FAs and vitamin E increases the levels of NO and TAC, while MDA levels decrease compared to placebo. However, the results showed no significant alterations on GSH concentrations, CAT, and SOD activities.
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•Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation.•Acute pancreatitis triggering auto-degradation of pancreas ...accompanied by local and systemic inflammation.•Resveratrol seems to have several beneficial effects on Acute pancreatitis.
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. We performed a comprehensive review to find any evidence about the effects of Resveratrol on acute pancreatitis (AP). Resveratrol has been found to directly impact cytokine generation. As these factors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of AP, resveratrol might attenuate AP and its complications. Mechanistically, resveratrol exerts its pharmacological effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via interaction with different signaling molecules and transcription factors. Indeed, resveratrol might prove to be an effective therapeutic component for AP treatment in the future. In this review, we shed light on potential most recent pathways through which resveratrol might impact the management and control of AP.
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•Soy products and isoflavones has been widely used as protein source and functional foods.•Soy products and isoflavones intake have been shown to exert antioxidant effects.•The ...results of our study show that soy products and isoflavones intake are effective in improving oxidative stress parameters.
Soy products and isoflavones intake have been shown to exert antioxidant effects. There are several randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of soy products intake on oxidative stress (OS) parameters. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the results of RCTs evaluating the effect of soy products and isoflavones intake on OS parameters. Randomized trials that assessed the effect of soy products and isoflavones intake on OS parameters in adults were identified through searching in electronic databases: Cochrane clinical trial center, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences up to April 2020. Random effects model was used to calculate the effects sizes of soy intake on OS parameters.
Twenty-four trials with 1,852 participants were eligible and were included in the meta-analysis which measured OS parameters. Soy intake compared to control group significantly reduced MDA levels (SMD: −0.53; 95% CI: −0.86, −0.19; I2 = 88.3%), increased GSH levels (SMD: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.88; I2 = 72.4%), SOD activity (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.99; I2 = 84.1%), TAC (SMD: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.82; I2 = 49.3%) and TRAP (SMD: 1.74; 95% CI: 0.82, 2.65; I2 = 81.3%) significantly compared to control group. Soy products and isoflavones intake are effective in improving OS parameters in adults compared with controls; thus, it could be a valuable advise to control OS progress in chronic diseases.
This study aimed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of RS consumption on the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers.
A comprehensive search was done in the electronic databases that ...published from 1988 up to May 2019. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. We used from the effect size, as estimated by the mean difference to perform the fixed method meta-analysis.
Overall, 13 studies with 14 effect sizes met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Sample size of these studies ranged from 15 to 75 and intervention duration ranged from 4 to 14 weeks. Meta-analysis revealed that higher consumption of resistant starch caused a significant reduction in the interleukin 6 (weighted mean difference = - 1.11 pg/mL; 95% CI: - 1.72, - 0.5 pg/mL; P = < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (weighted mean difference = - 2.19 pg/mL; 95% CI: - 3.49, - 0.9 pg/mL; P = 0.001) levels. However, no significant changes were found in C-reactive protein concentration (weighted mean difference = - 0.21 mg/L; 95% CI: - 1.06, 0.63 mg/L; P = 0.61). Moreover, the changes in interleukin 6 concentration was dependent on study quality and intervention duration.
The current meta-analysis indicated that RS intake can improve some inflammatory biomarkers. More research, with a large sample sizes and accurate design is recommended.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
In contrast to structuralists, who sought to achieve a fixed and static framework of meanings by referring concepts and content of knowledge to dominant structures and discourses, denying structures ...and meanings, post-structuralists abandoned the content of knowledge from any constraint and involved it in fluidity and ambiguities, and denied any pre-designed semantic structure. According to the post-structuralism view, there is no fixed semantic framework and no reliable foundation for knowledge, and everything is in the process of continuous decay and disintegration and every meaning is exposed to a continuous process of semantic dialectics in the dual oppositions between different and conflicting interpretations, and experiences changes, and this process continues and there is no end for it. In the field of geography, meanings are produced in the process of communication between spaces, and there are no independent meanings and identities for geographical space and place alone. According to the authors of this article, post-structuralism, despite the great noise, is a non-scientific and non-epistemic viewpoint, and before having an epistemic nature, it is considered as a political and social movement and approach. A look at the fundamentals and assumptions of this school suggests that this view has conceptual and epistemic contradictions. Relying on the claims of this school, the possibility of any scientific research, and the ability to communicate between geographic spaces and to reach the fields of interaction and dialogue between individuals, groups and spaces are lost. Therefore, the article authors' opinion is that, basically and logically, post-structuralism is something impossible, unreasonable, dimensionless, and a meaningless term.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading global cause of mortality, prompting a heightened focus on identifying precise indicators for their assessment and treatment. In this ...perspective, the plasma levels of HDL have emerged as a pivotal focus, given the demonstrable correlation between plasma levels and cardiovascular events, rendering them a noteworthy biomarker. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that HDLs, while intricate, are not presently a direct therapeutic target, necessitating a more nuanced understanding of their dynamic remodeling throughout their life cycle. HDLs exhibit several anti-atherosclerotic properties that define their functionality. This functionality of HDLs, which is independent of their concentration, may be impaired in certain risk factors for CVD. Moreover, because HDLs are dynamic parameters, in which HDL particles present different atheroprotective properties, it remains difficult to interpret the association between HDL level and CVD risk. Besides the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDLs, their capacity to mediate cholesterol efflux, a key metric of HDL functionality, represents the main anti-atherosclerotic property of HDL. In this review, we will discuss the HDL components and HDL structure that may affect their functionality and we will review the mechanism by which HDL mediates cholesterol efflux. We will give a brief examination of the effects of aging and diet on HDL structure and function.
Curcumin is a bioactive ingredient found in the Rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is well known for its chemopreventive and anti-cancer properties. Recent findings have demonstrated several ...pharmacological and biological impacts of curcumin, related to the control and the management of gastrointestinal cancers. Mechanistically, curcumin exerts its biological impacts via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the interaction with various transcription factors and signaling molecules. Moreover, epigenetic modulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed as novel targets of curcumin. Curcumin was discovered to regulate the expression of numerous pathogenic miRNAs in gastric, colorectal, esophageal and liver cancers. The present systematic review was performed to identify miRNAs that are modulated by curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers.
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•Curcumin is a bioactive ingredient that found to be effective in management of cancer.•MiRNAs, play multiple cellular functions in cancer such as cell growth, proliferation and tissue development.•Several beneficial effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers conducted through its effect on miRNAs.
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