Sports participation is a major ally for the promotion of physical activity. However, sports injuries are important adverse effects of sports participation and should be monitored in sports ...populations. The purpose of this paper is to review the basic concepts of injury monitoring and discuss the implementation of these concepts in practice. The aspects discussed are: (1) sports injury definition; (2) classification of sports injuries; (3) population at risk, prevalence, and incidence; (4) severity measures; (5) economic costs; (6) systems developed to monitor sports injuries; and (7) online technology. Only with reliable monitoring systems applied in a continuous and long-term manner will it be possible to identify the burden of injuries, to identify the possible cases at an early stage, to implement early interventions, and to generate data for sports injury prevention. The implementation of sports injuries monitoring systems in practice is strongly recommended.
Abstract Objectives To investigate the economic burden of running-related injuries (RRI) occurred during the 6-week ‘Start-to-Run’ program of the Dutch Athletics Federation in 2013. Design ...Prospective cohort study. Methods This was a monetary cost analysis using the data prospectively gathered alongside the RRI registration in the NLstart2run study. RRI data were collected weekly. Cost diaries were applied two and six weeks after the RRI registration to collect data regarding healthcare utilisation (direct costs) and absenteeism from paid and unpaid work (indirect costs). RRI was defined as running-related pain that hampered running ability for three consecutive training sessions. Results From the 1696 participants included in the analysis, 185 reported a total of 272 RRIs. A total of 26.1% of the cost data (71 RRIs reported by 50 participants) were missing. Therefore, a multiple imputation procedure was performed. The economic burden (direct plus indirect costs) of RRIs was estimated at €83.22 (95% CI €50.42–€116.02) per RRI, and €13.35 (95% CI €7.07–€19.63) per participant. The direct cost per RRI was €56.93 (95% CI €42.05–€71.81) and the indirect cost per RRI was €26.29 (95% CI €0.00–€54.79). The indirect cost was higher for sudden onset RRIs than for gradual onset RRIs, with a mean difference of €33.92 (95% CI €17.96–€49.87). Conclusions Direct costs of RRIs were 2-fold higher than the indirect costs, and sudden onset RRIs presented higher costs than gradual onset RRIs. The results of this study are important to provide information to public health agencies and policymakers about the economic burden of RRIs in novice runners.
Running is one of the most popular physical activities in the world and the number of runners has increased over the past 40 years. One of the consequences of the growing running popularity is the ...increase of musculoskeletal injuries.
To describe the routines, training characteristics and history of injury in recreational runners and to evaluate possible associations between the routines and training characteristics with previous musculoskeletal running-related injuries.
A total of 200 runners participated in this study. The participants completed an electronic form containing questions about personal characteristics, running experience, training characteristics, type of running shoes, foot type and previous injuries history over the last 12 months. The data were analyzed descriptively as well as by using logistic regression models.
The majority of the runners was male, aged 43.0 (SD=10.5) years-old, have a body mass index of 24.2 (IQR=4.3) kg/m², and had training volume of 35.0 (IQR=28.0) kilometers per week. Fifty-five percent of runners had injuries over the last 12 months. The most prevalent injuries observed were tendinopathies and muscle injuries. The variable that showed an association with previous running-related injuries was running experience from 5 to 15 years (Odds Ratio (OR)=0.2; 95%CI=0.1 to 0.9).
The prevalence of running-related injuries over the last 12 months was 55%. The variable running experience was associated with the absence of previous musculoskeletal running-related injuries.
Background
Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently in runners and despite many studies about running injuries conducted over the past decades it is not clear in the literature what are the main ...running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs).
Objective
The aim of this study is to systematically review studies on the incidence and prevalence of the main specific RRMIs.
Methods
An electronic database search was conducted using EMBASE (1947 to October 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2011), SPORTDiscus™ (1975 to October 2011), the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) 1982 to October 2011 and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) 1998 to October 2011 with no limits of date or language of publication. Articles that described the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were considered eligible. Studies that reported only the type of injury, anatomical region or incomplete data that precluded interpretation of the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were excluded. We extracted data regarding bibliometric characteristics, study design, description of the population of runners, RRMI definition, how the data of RRMIs were collected and the name of each RRMI with their rates of incidence or prevalence. Separate analysis for ultra-marathoners was performed. Among 2924 potentially eligible titles, eight studies (pooled n = 3500 runners) were considered eligible for the review. In general, the articles had moderate risk of bias and only one fulfilled less than half of the quality criteria established.
Results
A total of 28 RRMIs were found and the main general RRMIs were medial tibial stress syndrome (incidence ranging from 13.6% to 20.0%; prevalence of 9.5%), Achilles tendinopathy (incidence ranging from 9.1% to 10.9%; prevalence ranging from 6.2% to 9.5%) and plantar fasciitis (incidence ranging from 4.5% to 10.0%; prevalence ranging from 5.2% to 17.5%). The main ultra-marathon RRMIs were Achilles tendinopathy (prevalence ranging from 2.0% to 18.5%) and patellofemoral syndrome (prevalence ranging from 7.4% to 15.6%).
Conclusion
This systematic review provides evidence that medial tibia stress syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis were the main general RRMIs, while Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral syndrome were the most common RRMIs for runners who participated in ultra-marathon races.
To determine the incidence of running-related injuries in a cohort of amateur runners and to identify the aspects of training that are associated with running-related injury. In this prospective ...cohort study, 200 amateur runners answered a fortnightly online survey containing questions about their running training routine. These runners were followed-up for a period of 12 weeks. The incidence of injuries was calculated using survival analysis and the association between potential risk factors and time of injury was determined by Cox regression models. A total of 191 runners completed all follow-up surveys (i.e. completeness of follow up=95.5%). A new RRI was observed in 34.6% (n = 66) of our sample, which is equivalent to 8 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure to running. The mean pain intensity was 1.4 (SD = 1.3) evaluated by a 10-point (1-10) pain numerical rating scale (NRS).
Sports participation is a major ally for the promotion of physical activity. However, sports injuries are important adverse effects of sports participation and should be monitored in sports ...populations. The purpose of this paper is to review the basic concepts of injury monitoring and discuss the implementation of these concepts in practice. The aspects discussed are: (1) sports injury definition; (2) classification of sports injuries; (3) population at risk, prevalence, and incidence; (4) severity measures; (5) economic costs; (6) systems developed to monitor sports injuries; and (7) online technology. Only with reliable monitoring systems applied in a continuous and long-term manner will it be possible to identify the burden of injuries, to identify the possible cases at an early stage, to implement early interventions, and to generate data for sports injury prevention. The implementation of sports injuries monitoring systems in practice is strongly recommended.
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A corrida é uma das atividades físicas mais populares do mundo, sendo que o número de praticantes vem crescendo nos últimos 40 anos. Uma das consequências do aumento da popularidade ...da prática de corrida é o aumento das lesões musculoesqueléticas. OBJETIVOS: Descrever os hábitos, as características de treinamento e o histórico de lesões de corredores recreacionais, além de verificar possíveis associações entre os hábitos e as características de treinamento com lesões musculoesqueléticas prévias relacionadas à corrida. MÉTODOS: Duzentos corredores preencheram um formulário contendo questões sobre dados pessoais, histórico da prática de corrida, características do treinamento, tipo de tênis, tipo de pisada e histórico de lesões nos últimos 12 meses. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva e modelos de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos corredores eram homens, com idade média de 43 (DP=10,5) anos, índice de massa corporal de 24,2 (IQ=4,3) kg/m², volume de treino de 35 km semanais (IQ=28), e 55% dos corredores relataram apresentar alguma lesão musculoesquelética nos últimos 12 meses. As principais lesões encontradas foram as tendinopatias e as lesões musculares. A variável que apresentou associação com lesão musculoesquelética prévia relacionada à corrida foi a experiência de corrida entre cinco e 15 anos (Odds Ratio (OR)=0,2; IC95%=0,1 a 0,9). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à corrida nos últimos 12 meses foi de 55%, e a variável experiência de corrida foi associada com a ausência de lesões musculoesqueléticas prévias relacionadas à corrida.
To describe the anatomical alignment of the lower limbs, to measure the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal injuries related to running, to examine the associations between the ...characteristics of these injuries and anatomical alignment, and describe the major injuries among runners and the anatomical regions most affected. A prospective cohort study composed of 89 recreational runners who underwent measures of bilateral Q angle, subtalar angle, medial longitudinal arch and length discrepancy of lower limb and were followed for a period of 12 weeks. Participants of the study were on average 44 years-old (SD = 10), without major changes in the alignment of lower limbs and presented an association between changes in Q angle and the discrepancy of Q angle with musculoskeletal injuries. The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries related to running was 61.8%, the incidence over 12 weeks was 27%, being tendinopathies and muscle injuries the most common injuries and the knee and the leg as the most affected regions.
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