We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heated with an intense pulse of heavy ions. In this way, we ...determine the samples’ heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structural integrity over a timespan of several microseconds. Connecting the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K, in agreement with predictions from stopping power calculations. The simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material, but do indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond sample. Our experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.
Multi-wavelength pyrometry is an efficient tool for measuring high temperatures in dynamic experiments. A fast 5-channel pyrometer was built and successfully employed in ion-beam heating experiments ...at the GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research (Darmstadt, Germany). Temperatures of metallic samples heated by an intense focused heavy ion beam up to their melting points and beyond were measured with nanosecond time resolution and a spatial resolution of about 200 μm. The modular instrument has demonstrated its high versatility also for temperature measurements of exothermic reactions with millisecond temporal resolution.
The proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) is well-suited for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model and for precisely unraveling the structure of the underlying physics. The physics ...return can be maximized by the use of polarized beams. This report shows the paramount role of polarized beams and summarizes the benefits obtained from polarizing the positron beam, as well as the electron beam. The physics case for this option is illustrated explicitly by analyzing reference reactions in different physics scenarios. The results show that positron polarization, combined with the clean experimental environment provided by the linear collider, allows to improve strongly the potential of searches for new particles and the identification of their dynamics, which opens the road to resolve shortcomings of the Standard Model. The report also presents an overview of possible designs for polarizing both beams at the ILC, as well as for measuring their polarization.
Detailed energy monitoring and benchmarking at the individual component level is necessary to increase energy efficiency in complex production systems. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) provides ...an economical solution for operational state detection and load disaggregation without the need for large-scale use of fine-grained energy meters. Existing supervised NILM approaches require detailed training data including control information about individual devices. Unsupervised approaches, on the other hand, often require high measurement resolution and are faced with the problem of detecting continuous states. This paper proposes a simple step-by-step, completely unsupervised NILM approach that distinguishes between almost constant and non-constant segments with flexible segment lengths. Taking into account various electrical parameters and their statistical moments, hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBScan) is applied to constant segments. The analysis of non-constant segments is based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering and dynamic time warping. Based on real energy monitoring from a gear manufacturing system we show the applicability of our methodology and discuss how it can be combined with existing NILM techniques.
High-precision analyses of supersymmetry parameters aim at reconstructing the fundamental supersymmetric theory and its breaking mechanism. A well defined theoretical framework is needed when ...higher-order corrections are included. We propose such a scheme, Supersymmetry Parameter Analysis SPA, based on a consistent set of conventions and input parameters. A repository for computer programs is provided which connect parameters in different schemes and relate the Lagrangian parameters to physical observables at LHC and high energy e + e- linear collider experiments, i.e., masses, mixings, decay widths and production cross sections for supersymmetric particles. In addition, programs for calculating high-precision low energy observables, the density of cold dark matter (CDM) in the universe as well as the cross sections for CDM search experiments are included. The SPA scheme still requires extended efforts on both the theoretical and experimental side before data can be evaluated in the future at the level of the desired precision. We take here an initial step of testing the SPA scheme by applying the techniques involved to a specific supersymmetry reference point.
The di-photon decay channel of the lightest Higgs boson is considered as a probe to explore CP violation in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The scalar/pseudo-scalar mixing is ...considered along with CP violation entering through the Higgs–sfermion–sfermion couplings, with and without light sparticles. The impact of a light stop on the decay width and branching ratio (BR) is established through a detailed study of the amplitude of the process H
1
→γγ. The other sparticles have little influence even when they are light. With a suitable combination of other MSSM parameters, a light stop can change the BR by more than 50% with a CP-violating phase φ
μ
∼90°, while the change is almost nil with a heavy stop.
We study the effect of explicit CP violation in the Higgs sector of the MSSM in the di-photon decay of the lightest CP-mixed Higgs state. Further it is shown that the gluon fusion production ...mechanism along with the di-photon decay enhances CP-violating effects for a large set of suitably chosen parameter values.
We have developed an experimental module that introduces high school students to guided scientific inquiry. It is designed to incorporate environmental health and ecological concepts into the basic ...biology or environmental-science content of the high school curriculum. Using the red worm, a familiar live species that is amenable to classroom experimentation, students learn how environmental agents affect the animal's locomotion by altering sensory neuron-muscle interactions and, as a result, influence its distribution in nature. In turn, the results of these experiments have direct application to human-caused environmental disruptions that cause changes in species distribution and indirectly increase the recognition that environmental chemicals affect human health. Students undertake a series of explorations to identify how red worms sense their environment and then apply that knowledge to understand the effects of chemical exposure on locomotor behavior. The activities are designed to generate critical thinking about neuromuscular processes and environmental pollutants that affect them.
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