Support to help UK businesses take a lead on delivering the country's infrastructure projects would also enable our industry to export home-grown expertise to international markets.
In this study we investigated whether a visual illusion located in far space alters a person's open-loop, target-directed walking path in the same manner as it alters the perception of the target's ...position. Through the use of immersive VR the subject was able to walk physically to the location of a target embedded in a scene that was manipulated to create a visual illusion, known as the induced Roelofs effect. This illusion has been shown to alter the perception of a target's position. The experiment consisted of two tasks: a perception task and an action task. In the perception task, subjects viewed the scene for 1 s, it disappeared, and they were to report the target's location verbally. The results showed that the visual illusion altered the reported positions in all but one subject. In the action task, subjects viewed the scene for 1 s, it disappeared, and the subjects were asked to walk to the target's location. The results showed that the illusion significantly altered the walking paths of most of the women and less than half of the men. A significant gender effect was observed; women's walking paths deviated, on average, by 7.1 degrees and men's, by only 2.0 degrees . These results indicate that action tasks in far space are susceptible to the effects of visual illusions, unlike the action tasks in near space that reportedly have been resistant to them. Furthermore, the significant gender effect suggests that men and women either have different strategies and/or employ different mechanisms when executing a visually guided task in far space.
During the initial phase of the inflammatory response, leukocytes marginate and roll along the endothelial surface, a process mediated largely by the selectins and their ligands. Mice with mutations ...in individual selectins show no spontaneous disease and have mild or negligible deficiencies of inflammatory responses. In contrast, we find that mice with null mutations in both endothelial selectins (P and E) develop a phenotype of leukocyte adhesion deficiency characterized by mucocutaneous infections, plasma cell proliferation, hypergammaglobulinemia, severe deficiencies of leukocyte rolling in cremaster venules with or without addition of TNF-alpha, and an absence of neutrophil emigration at 4 h in response to intraperitoneal Streptococcus pneumoniae peritonitis. These mice provide strong evidence for the functional importance of selectins in vivo.
We report a rare case of malignant chondroblastoma, which presented in a 47-year-old man as a recurrent tumor, 18 years following wide excision of a typical pelvic chondroblastoma. Radiologic studies ...of the recurrent tumor showed a large, lytic, destructive lesion of the right pelvic bones and femur, with a pathologic fracture of the latter, a large pelvic soft tissue mass, and multiple pulmonary metastases. Biopsy tissue showed typical features of chondroblastoma, but also increased nuclear atypia, hyperchromasia, and pleomorphism, compared to the original tumor, and, most significantly, abnormal mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical studies of the recurrent tumor revealed p53 mutation and extensive proliferative activity, and flow cytometric studies showed DNA aneuploidy, none of which was present in the original tumor. The patient received chemotherapy and radiation, but died of disease eight months after presentation. We also review chondroblastoma in general, to assign this unusual lesion to a tumor subtype.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) can present in several clinical forms with expected response to therapy categorized by the organ systems involved. Low Risk patients (unifocal bone, skin, or lymph ...nodes disease) are nearly always cured of the disease, patients with multifocal bone involvement are more likely to have relapses, and High Risk patients (involving liver, lung, spleen, or bone marrow) have only a 50% chance of cure. The etiology of LCH is unknown and controversy exists whether this is purely an immunologic dysfunction or a neoplastic disease since the Langerhans cells have been identified as a clonal proliferation. Understanding interaction of Langerhans cells (LC) with T lymphocytes and macrophages in the lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is critical to elucidating LCH pathophysiology. We have used laser capture microdissection to isolate CD1a+ LC and CD3+ T cells from frozen LCH lesions. RNA from the dissected cells was enzymatically amplified, hybridized to a cytokine/growth factor array and analyzed for quantity of gene expression after normalizing to b-actin. A complex expression profile has emerged:
Gene Expression in LCH Clinical Groups
Low RiskMultifocal BoneHigh RiskCD1a CytokinesIL-9**, -11***, -17**, Leptin*,TGF- βIL-10**, IL-11**,TGF- βIL-9*,11*,Leptin**CD1a Growth FactorsFGF-6*, VGEF***FGF-6**, VEGF**FGF-6***, VEGF*CD3 CytokinesIL-9**, Lymphotoxin- αIL-9*,-10IL-9*** Lymphotoxin- α**CD3 Growth FactorsGM-CSF*GM-CSF** FGF-5*GM-CSF*** FGF-5*** to ***= low to high expression of a gene, VEGF:vascular endothelial growth factor, FGF: fibroblast growth factor
Growth factor and cytokine interactions from these LCH patients with different clinical presentations illustrates the importance of both LC and T-cells as well as the known influence of macrophages on the type of LCH. Although previous studies have shown TNF-a is an important factor, our data illustrates that other cytokines and growth factors may play critical roles, because of their relative higher gene expression when compared with TNF-a. These data will facilitate development of in vitro systems to test our hypotheses that a combination of cytokines/growth factors may be important in varying LCH clinical presentations.
Alexander Campbell (1788-1866) and Barton W. Stone (1772-1844) were the acknowledged leaders of the Stone-Campbell (or American Restoration) Movement during its first years of expansion across the ...American frontier. It was their leadership and writings that gave the movement its impetus in the first four decades of the 19th century. However, it was Campbell's baptismal theology that practically dominated the movement in its early years. After almost 30 years of controversial discussion of baptism with his theological neighbours, Campbell insisted that baptism was the one institution that could signal the union of all Christians in the visible church.
Gross hematuria, graft pain, and rising serum creatinine are classic signs of acute rejection, obstruction, or bacterial pyelonephritis for patients with renal transplants. This presentation often ...prompts percutaneous renal allograft biopsy. If subsequent evaluation fails to show evidence of acute rejection, obstruction, or bacterial infection, viral etiologies should be considered. We report a 14-year-old Hispanic female with a living-related renal transplant who had gross hematuria, graft tenderness, and increased serum creatinine, but did not have evidence of acute rejection, obstruction, or bacterial pyelonephritis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of adenovirus pyelonephritis in a transplanted kidney of a pediatric patient, with isolation of adenovirus in the urine and in the allograft using immunocytochemical techniques.
Evaluation: Need for a New Landscape Hicks, John M.; Hicks, Mary Ann; Powell, Julie ...
Art education (Reston),
1996, Letnik:
49, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Maintains that radical shifts in employment, technology, and education place a new emphasis on individual effort and responsibility. Argues that these circumstances mandate a more in-depth and ...widespread adoption of student self-evaluation. Posits self-evaluation models for elementary and junior high school grades. (MJP)
With the rapid growth in the use of portable electronic devices, more emphasis has recently been placed on low-energy circuit design. Digital subthreshold complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ...(CMOS) circuit design is one area of study that offers significant energy reduction by operating at a supply voltage substantially lower than the threshold voltage of the transistor. However, these energy savings come at a critical cost to performance, restricting its use to severely energy-constrained applications such as microsensor nodes. In an effort to mitigate this performance degradation in low-energy designs, nearthreshold circuit design has been proposed and implemented in digital circuits such as Intel’s energy-efficient hardware accelerator. The application spectrum of nearthreshold and subthreshold design could be broadened by integrating these cells into high-performance designs. This research focuses on the integration of characterized nearthreshold and subthreshold standard cells into high-performance functional modules. Within these functional modules, energy minimization is achieved while satisfying performance constraints by replacing non-critical path logic with nearthreshold and subthreshold logic cells. Specifically, the critical path method is used to bind the timing and energy constraints of the design. The design methodology was verified and tested with several benchmark circuits, including a cryptographic hash function, Skein. An average energy savings of 41.15% was observed at a circuit performance degradation factor of 10. The energy overhead of the level shifters accounted for at least 8.5% of the energy consumption of the optimized circuit, with an average energy overhead of 26.76%. A heuristic approach is developed for estimating the energy savings of the optimized design.
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