Current traditional shipping models are increas-ingly revealing many shortcomings and affecting the interests of sellers and buyers due to having to depend on trusted third parties. For example, the ...Cash-on-Delivery (CoD) model must depend on the carrier/shipper, or the Letter-of-Credit (LoC) model depends on the place of the Letter certification (i.e., bank). There have been many examples demonstrating the riskiness of the two models above. Specifically, in developing countries (e.g., Vietnam), the demand for exporting goods and trading between sellers and buyers have not yet applied the benefits of current technology to improve traditional shipping models. Two typical examples in the last five years that have demonstrated the risks of both sellers and buyers when applying CoD and LoC models are the problem of keeping the money of the seller of GNN Expresses (2017) as well as risks in losing control of 4 containers of cashew nuts when exporting from Vietnam to Italy (2021). A series of studies have proposed solutions based on distributed storage, blockchain, and smart contracts to solve the above problems. However, the role of the shipper has not been considered in some approaches or is not suitable for deployment in a developed country (i.e., Vietnam). In this paper, we propose a combination model between the traditional CoD model and blockchain technology, smart contracts, and NFT to solve the above problems. Specifically, our contribution includes four aspects: a) proposing a shipping model based on blockchain technology and smart contracts; b) proposing a model for storing package information based on Ethereum’s NFT technology (i.e. ERC721); c) implementing the proposed model by designing smart contracts that support the creation and transfer of NFTs between sellers and buyers; d) deploy smart contracts on four EVM-enabled platforms including BNB Smart chain, Fantom, Celo, and Polygon to find a suitable platform for the proposed model.
Microlasers based on biomaterials have attracted enormous interest because of their promising potential for future applications in medical treatments, bio-tracking, and biosensing. In this work, we ...demonstrate chicken albumen as a novel and excellent low-cost biomaterial for a laser cavity. By using a simple but effective emulsion process, rhodamine B-doped chicken albumen microspheres with various diameters ranging from 20 μm to 100 μm can be fabricated. Under optical pulse excitation, these microspheres emit lasing emission. The lasing mechanism is investigated and ascribed to the whispering gallery mode (WGM). A threshold of 23.2 μJ mm
−2
and a high
Q
-factor of approximately 2400 are obtained from an 82 μm-diameter microsphere. Size-dependent lasing characteristics are also examined, and the result shows good agreement with the WGM theory. Interestingly, these microsphere biolasers can operate in aqueous and biological environments such as water and human blood serum, which makes them a promising candidate for laser-based biosensing and biological applications.
Chicken albumen-based biological microlasers are fabricated and these biolasers can work in the air, water and human serum.
Among other fields, climate change has a great influence on metal corrosion that reduces the durability and reliability of steel structures. A time-dependent reliability analysis includes ...time-dependent climate scenarios and deterioration processes as well as random variables, material properties, and dimensions. The extent of corrosion damage is calculated by tracking the evolution of the corrosion process using Monte Carlo simulations. The current paper presents a time-dependent reliability assessment of a continuous I-shaped steel beam, considering the corrosion effects of climate change in Vietnam. The results showed that the safety probability of a continuous steel beam considering metal corrosion from the pristine to 100 years reduces from 96.77% to 63.08%. These findings can be used to assess and provide a cost-technical analysis of climate adaptation measures.
Enterovirus 71 (EV71)-associated hand, foot and mouth disease has emerged as a serious public health problem in South East Asia over the last decade. To better understand the prevalence of EV71 ...infection, we determined EV71 seroprevalence and seroincidence amongst healthy infants and children in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. In a cohort of 200 newborns, 55% of cord blood samples contained EV71 neutralizing antibodies and these decayed to undetectable levels by 6 months of age in 98% of infants. The EV71 neutralizing antibody seroconversion rate was 5.6% in the first year and 14% in the second year of life. In children 5-15 yrs of age, seroprevalence of EV71 neutralizing antibodies was 84% and in cord blood it was 55%. Taken together, these data suggest EV71 force of infection is high and highlights the need for more research into its epidemiology and pathogenesis in high disease burden countries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this research, the kinetics of COD biodegradation and biogas production in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at pilot scale (10 m3) for piggery wastewater treatment were investigated. ...Polyethylene (PE) was used as a carrying material, with organic loading rates (OLRs) of 10, 15, and 18 kgCOD/m3 day in accordance to hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 0.56, 0.37, and 0.3 day. The results showed that a high COD removal efficiency was obtained in the range of 68–78% with the influent COD of 5.2–5.8 g/L at all 3 HRTs. About COD degradation kinetics, in comparison to the first- and second-order kinetics and the Monod model, Stover–Kincannon model showed the best fit with R2 0.98 and a saturation value constant (KB) and a maximum utilization rate (Umax) of 52.40 g/L day and 82.65 g/L day, respectively. The first- and second-order kinetics with all 3 HRTs and Monod model with the HRT of 0.56 day also obtained high R2 values. Therefore, these kinetics and models can be further considered to be used for predicting the kinetic characteristics of the MBBR system in piggery wastewater treatment process. The result of a 6-month operation of the MBBR was that biogas production was mostly in the operating period of days 17 to 80, around 0.2 to 0.3 and 0.15–0.20 L/gCODconverted, respectively, and then reduction at an OLR of 18 kgCOD/m3. After the start-up stage, day 35 biogas cumulative volume fluctuated from 20 to 30 m3/day and reached approximately 3500 m3 for 178 days during the whole digestive process. Methane is accounted for about 65–70% of biogas with concentration around 400 mg/L.
Elaeocarpus hygrophilus
Kurz. is a tropical tree that has recently been used for food and medicinal purposes. This study aimed to reveal the phytochemicals and evaluate the anti-influenza viral and ...neuroprotective effects of different parts of this plant including leaves, stems, fruit peels, and seeds. The study results indicated that the leaf extract was a potential candidate in the inhibition of the influenza viral replication through anti-neuraminidase receptors and attenuation of the glutamate-induced neuronal cell death and cellular oxidative stress. Using molecular networking as well as fragmentation, twenty-six known compounds were dereplicated from the leaves of
E. hygrophilus
. Molecular docking simulations of target proteins (PDB: 3CL0 and 4CXT) with these predicted compounds indicated that phenolic compounds from the EtOH leaf extract may be considered as active components for treating not only neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant strains but also activating Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. The anti-influenza viral and neuroprotective effects of the leaf extract and the link between the two activities could significantly contribute to the development of natural product drugs for influenza treatment and prevention of neuropsychiatric adverse events. These results suggested further research about the phytochemicals and the bio-guided isolation of the most active fractions from the leaf extract and their respective herbal drug formulations, with effective and secure aspects, to low-income populations of the tropics.
This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm based on a combination of the simple quadratic interpolation and the symbiosis organisms search algorithm (SQI-SOS) for finding the optimal location and ...size of capacitors in radial distribution networks. The objective of the problem is to minimize the system operating cost so that the net yearly savings of the system are increased. The effectiveness of the SQI-SOS has been tested on 33-, 69-, and 119-bus radial distribution networks with different load models. The obtained results from the test system by the proposed SQI-SOS are compared with those from the conventional SOS and other mature optimization methods in the literature. The result comparison has shown that the proposed SQI-SOS algorithm can provide a better solution than the other methods. Accordingly, the proposed SQI-SOS can be a very effective and efficient method for dealing with the optimal capacitor placement problem in distribution networks.
Shigella spp. are one of the most common causes of paediatric dysentery globally, responsible for a substantial proportion of diarrhoeal disease morbidity and mortality, particularly in ...industrialising regions. Alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance are now reported in S. flexneri and S. sonnei, hampering treatment options. Little is known, however, about the burden of infection and disease due to Shigella spp. in the community.
In order to estimate the incidence of this bacterial infection in the community in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam we have designed a longitudinal cohort to follow up approximately 700 children aged 12-60 months for two years with active and passive surveillance for diarrhoeal disease. Children will be seen at 6 month intervals for health checks where blood and stool samples will be collected. Families will also be contacted every two weeks for information on presence of diarrhoea in the child. Upon report of a diarrhoeal disease episode, study nurses will either travel to the family home to perform an evaluation or the family will attend a study hospital at a reduced cost, where a stool sample will also be collected. Case report forms collected at this time will detail information regarding disease history, risk factors and presence of disease in the household.Outcomes will include (i) age-specific incidence of Shigella spp. and other agents of diarrhoeal disease in the community, (ii) risk factors for identified aetiologies, (iii) rates of seroconversion to a host of gastrointestinal pathogens in the first few years of life. Further work regarding the longitudinal immune response to a variety of Shigella antigens, host genetics and candidate vaccine/diagnostic proteins will also be conducted.
This is the largest longitudinal cohort with active surveillance designed specifically to investigate Shigella infection and disease. The study is strengthened by the active surveillance component, which will likely capture a substantial proportion of episodes not normally identified through passive or hospital-based surveillance. It is hoped that information from this study will aid in the design and implementation of Shigella vaccine trials in the future.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUND: Among the less invasive operations noted in recent years, laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric cancer has become popular because of advances in surgical techniques. We have performed ...LG with D2 lymphadenectomy for 515 cases of gastric cancer between April 2009 and November 2019 at military hospital 103.
AIM: We aimed to presented the techniques and results of laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for gastric cancer.
METHODS: Of the 515 gastric malignancy cases, distal gastrectomy was performed in 402 cases, proximal gastrectomy in 37 cases, and total gastrectomy in 76 cases. In all the cases, D2 lymph node dissection was performed according to the general rule of the Japanese gastric cancer association 3rd.
RESULTS: Quicker recovery was observed in the LG cases than in the open cases. The post-operative complications with this technique were within a permissible range. There was a statistical difference that was seen in the survival outcomes after LAG for gastric cancer between the laparoscopic-assisted distant, proximal, and total gastrectomy.
CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic technique is not only less invasive but also relatively safe and curative compared with open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer.
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