Objective
To examine associations between body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and gestational weight gain (GWG) with cardiovascular health in middle age using the ‘Life's Essential 8’ (LE8) ...concept of the American Heart Association (AHA).
Design
Population‐based cohort study.
Setting
Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).
Population
A total of 8871 women from SCAPIS were included.
Methods
Information on cardiovascular health in middle age was collected from SCAPIS and linked to pregnancy weight data obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, with an average follow‐up time of 24.5 years. An LE8 score between 0 and 100 was determined, where a score under 60 points was defined as poor cardiovascular health. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used.
Main outcome measures
Cardiovascular health according to LE8 in middle age.
Results
The odds of having poor cardiovascular health in middle age were significantly higher in women who had overweight (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 3.30, 95% CI 2.82–3.88) or obesity (aOR 7.63, 95% CI 5.86–9.94), compared with women classified as being of normal weight in pregnancy. Higher odds were also found for excessive GWG (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.57), compared with women who gained weight within the recommendations.
Conclusions
A high BMI in early pregnancy and excessive GWG were associated with greater odds of poor cardiovascular health in middle age. Although further studies are needed, our results highlight pregnancy as an important period to support long‐term cardiovascular health.
Objectives
To examine the separate and joint association between physical activity and frailty and long‐term all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older adults.
Design
...Population‐based prospective cohort study.
Setting
Cohort representative of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population.
Participants
Individuals aged 60 and older (N=3,896) in 2000–01.
Measurements
Participants reported their physical activity using a validated instrument, and frailty was ascertained using the Fatigue, low Resistance, limitation in Ambulation, Illness and weight Loss (FRAIL) scale. Those with 0 frailty criteria were considered to be robust, with 1 or 2 criteria to be prefrail, and with 3 of more criteria to be frail. Participants were followed until 2014 to identify all‐cause and CVD deaths. Associations were summarized using hazard ratios (HRs) and Cox regression after adjustment for main covariates.
Results
During a median 14 years of follow‐up, 1,801 total deaths occurred, 672 from CVD. Compared with being robust, the multivariate hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for all‐cause mortality was 1.29 (1.14–1.45) in prefrail individuals, and 2.16 (1.82–2.58) in frail individuals (p‐trend <.001). Compared with being physically inactive, being physically active was associated with a statistically significant 18% (1–32%), 28% (16–39%) and 39% (17–55%) lower all‐cause mortality among robust, prefrail, and frail individuals, respectively (all p <.001). Compared with participants who were robust and physically active, those who were frail and inactive showed the highest all‐cause mortality 2.45 (95%CI: 1.95–3.06); however, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for all‐cause mortality in frail individuals who were physically active was comparable to that in pre‐frail and inactive participants: 1.70 (1.32–2.19) and 1.56 (1.34–1.82), respectively. Mortality of prefrail active participants was similar to that of robust inactive participants. Results were similar for CVD mortality.
Conclusion
Physical activity might partly compensate for the greater mortality risk associated with frailty in old age. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2097–2103, 2018.
To examine the association between cognitive frailty and long-term all-cause mortality and the stratified and combined associations of physical activity and cognitive frailty with long-term all-cause ...mortality in a population-based cohort of older adults from Spain.
A representative cohort of 3677 noninstitutionalized individuals from Spain aged 60 years or older was recruited between April 17, 2000, and April 28, 2001, with follow-up through December 28, 2014. Information on self-reported physical activity and cognitive frailty status were collected at baseline. Analyses were performed with Cox regression after adjustment for confounders.
The median follow-up was 14 years (range, 0.03-14.25 years), corresponding to 40,447 person-years, with a total of 1634 deaths. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality among participants with cognitive frailty compared with robust participants was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.43-2.01). Being active was associated with a mortality reduction of 36% (95% CI, 21%-47%) in cognitively frail individuals. Compared with those who were robust and active, participants with cognitive frailty who were inactive had the highest mortality risk (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.73-2.61), which was equivalent to being 6.8 (95% CI, 5.33-7.99) years older.
Cognitive frailty was more markedly associated with increased mortality in inactive older adults, and being active reduced the mortality risk among cognitively frail individuals by 36%. These novel results highlight that engaging in physical activity could improve survival among cognitively frail older adults.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health issue, primarily caused by atherosclerosis. Psychological factors may play a role in the development and progression of CVD. However, the ...relationship between psychological factors and atherosclerosis is complex and poorly understood. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the association of psychological factors with (i) coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and (ii) cardiovascular health according to Life's Essential 8, in a large Swedish cohort.
This study utilized data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), a large population-based project including individuals aged 50 to 65 years. Several psychological factors were analysed: general stress, stress at work, financial stress, major adverse life events, locus of control, feeling depressed, and depression. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed as the degree of stenosis by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores. Carotid atherosclerosis was examined using ultrasound. In addition, cardiovascular health was examined using the Life's Essential 8 concept created by the American Heart Association, which includes four health behaviors and four health factors. Associations were examined through binomial logistic regression (atherosclerosis variables) and linear regression (Life's Essential 8).
A total of 25,658 participants were included in the study. The presence of financial stress, higher locus of control, and depression was weakly associated with increased odds of CCTA stenosis, CAC ≥ 1 and the presence of carotid plaques (all odds ratios: 1.10-1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32) after adjusting for sex, age, and study site. However, these associations were attenuated and not statistically significant after additional adjustments for socioeconomic factors and health behaviors. Conversely, we observed inverse associations between the worst category for all psychological factors and cardiovascular health according to Life's Essential 8 score (all standardized β-Coefficient ≤-0.033, p < 0.001).
While there were no strong and consistent associations between psychological factors and atherosclerosis, the consistent associations of psychological factors with cardiovascular health by Life's Essential 8 may have relevance for future CVD risk. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the long-term effects of psychological factors on atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
Stair climbing is an activity of daily living that might contribute to increase levels of physical activity (PA). To date, there is no study examining the validity of climbing stairs ...assessed by self-report. The aim of this study was, therefore, to examine the validity of estimated stair climbing from one question included in a common questionnaire compared to a pattern-recognition activity monitor in older adults.
Methods
A total of 138 older adults (94 women), aged 65–86 years (70.9 ± 4.7 years), from the IMPACT65 + study participated in this validity study. Estimates of stair climbing were obtained from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) PA questionnaire. An objective assessment of stair climbing was obtained with the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA) monitor.
Results
The correlation between both methods to assess stair climbing was fair (
ρ
= 0.22,
p
= 0.008 for PA energy expenditure and
ρ
= 0.26,
p
= 0.002 for duration). Mean differences between self-report and the IDEEA were 7.96 ± 10.52 vs. 9.88 ± 3.32 METs-min/day for PA energy expenditure, and 0.99 ± 1.32 vs. 1.79 ± 2.02 min/day for duration (both Wilcoxon test
p
< 0.001). Results from the Bland–Altman analysis indicate that bias between both instruments were −1.91 ± 10.30 METs-min/day and −0.80 ± 1.99 min/day, and corresponding limits of agreement for the two instruments were from 18.27 to −22.10 METs-min/day and from 3.09 to −4.70 min/day, respectively.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that self-reported stair climbing has modest validity to accurately rank old age participants, and underestimates both PAEE and its duration, as compared with an objectively measured method.
To quantify cardiovascular health (CVH), the American Heart Association (AHA) recently launched an updated construct of the "Life's Simple 7" (LS7) score, the "Life's Essential 8" (LE8) score. This ...study aims to analyse the association between both CVH scores and carotid artery plaques and to compare the predictive capacity of such scores for carotid plaques.
Randomly recruited participants aged 50-64 years from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) were analysed. According to the AHA definitions, two CVH scores were calculated: i) the LE8 score (0, worst CVH; 100, best CVH) and two different versions of the LS7 score (0-7) and (0-14), 0 indicating the worst CVH. Ultrasound-diagnosed carotid plaques were classified as no plaque, unilateral, and bilateral plaques. Associations were studied by adjusted multinomial logistic regression models and adjusted (marginal) prevalences, while comparison between LE8 and LS7 scores was performed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
After exclusions, 28,870 participants remained for analysis (50.3% women). The odds for bilateral carotid plaques were almost five times higher in the lowest LE8 (<50 points) group OR: 4.93, (95% CI: 4.19-5.79); adjusted prevalence 40.5%, (95% CI: 37.9-43.2) compared to the highest LE8 (≥80 points) group adjusted prevalence 17.2%, (95% CI: 16.2-18.1). Also, the odds for unilateral carotid plaques were more than two times higher in the lowest LE8 group OR: 2.14, (95% CI: 1.82-2.51); adjusted prevalence 31.5%, (95% CI: 28.9-34.2) compared to the highest LE8 group adjusted prevalence 29.4%, (95% CI: 28.3-30.5). The areas under ROC curves were similar between LE8 and LS7 (0-14) scores: for bilateral carotid plaques, 0.622 (95% CI: 0.614-0.630) vs. 0.621 (95% CI: 0.613-0.628),
= 0.578, respectively; and for any carotid plaque, 0.602 (95% CI: 0.596-0.609) vs. 0.600 (95% CI: 0.593-0.607),
= 0.194, respectively.
The new LE8 score showed inverse and dose-response associations with carotid plaques, particularly bilateral plaques. The LE8 did not outperform the conventional LS7 score, which showed similar ability to predict carotid plaques, especially when scored as 0-14 points. We conclude that both the LE8 and LS7 may be useful in clinical practice for monitoring CVH status in the adult population.
The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) with long-term mortality attributed to inflammatory causes other than ...cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer in a national cohort of older adults in Spain.
Prospective study.
A cohort of 3,677 individuals (1,626 men) aged ≥60 years was followed-up during 14.3 years.
At baseline, individuals reported PA and ST. The study outcome was death from inflammatory diseases when CVD or cancer mortality was excluded. This outcome was classified into infectious and non-infectious conditions. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for PA, ST, and other main confounders (age, sex, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and chronic conditions).
During follow-up, 286 deaths from inflammatory diseases (77 from infectious diseases) were identified. Compared to individuals who defined themselves as inactive/less active, mortality from inflammatory diseases was lower in those who were moderately active (hazard ratio HR = 0.67, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.50-0.90) or very active (HR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.33-0.68), independently of ST. Also, being seated ≥7 h/d vs. <7 h/d was linked to higher mortality (HR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.02-1.87). The largest risk of mortality was observed in inactive/less active individuals with ST≥7 h/d (HR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.59-3.29) compared to those with moderate/very PA and ST <7 h/d. Low PA and high ST were consistently associated with a higher risk of mortality from non-infectious inflammatory causes. Associations of PA and ST with mortality from infectious inflammatory causes showed a similar trend, but most of them did not reach statistical significance.
Low PA and high ST were independently associated with higher mortality from inflammatory diseases other than CVD or cancer in older adults. Interventions addressing simultaneously both behaviors could have greater benefits than those focusing on only one of them.
Physical activity has shown beneficial effects for a good state of muscles in aging, but the specific activities of daily living that could be protective remains unclear. This study aimed to analyse ...the associations of different pattern-recognition-measured daily activities with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in a sample of older adults.
200 community-dwelling older adults wore the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity for two consecutive days. Twelve major daily activities recorded were merged in to three common intensity categories: sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). For physical performance measurements included, hand grip dynamometer and chair-stand tests were used. Skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Associations of daily activities with the study variables were examined using linear regression models.
There were no significant associations between total time spent in SB, LPA, or MVPA and sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity showed a negative association with total time spent in MVPA ß (95%CI): −0.29 (−0.41, −0.17). Walk at a brisk pace was significatively associated with lower limb physical performance, muscle mass and fat mass % ß (95%CI): 1.15 (0.40, 1.91); 1.45 (0.68, 2.22) and -2.63 (−4.12, −1.14) respectively. Other MVPA activities were also significatively associated with the same sarcopenic obesity components ß (95%CI): 4.65 (0.55, 8.75); 8.59 (4.51, 12.67) and -13.98 (−21.96, −5.99) respectively.
Time spent in daily activities of moderate-to-vigorous intensity is negatively associated with sarcopenic obesity but not with sarcopenia.
•MVPA daily activities are negatively associated with sarcopenic obesity.•LPA daily activities do not influence sarcopenic obesity.•SB should be replaced with MVPA daily activities to be an effective strategy.
Carta al Editor Higueras-Fresnillo, Sara
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
06/2016, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Dance participation and academic performance in youth girls Higueras-Fresnillo, Sara; Martínez-Gómez, David; Padilla-Moledo, Carmen ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
06/2016, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Dance is a predominant type of physical activity among girls. Dance characteristics imply skills associated to health-related physical fitness, as well as others such as learning and memory, mental ...representation, imagination and creativity, which are related to cognitive development. Although dance has been shown to influence physical health among youth girls, whether dance may influence academic performance and cognition in youth remains to be elucidated. The objective of this work was to examine the association between participation in dance and academic performance in youth girls.
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