We propose an image editing system for repositioning objects in a single image based on the perspective of the scene. In our system, an input image is transformed into a layer structure that is ...composed of object layers and a background layer, and then the scene depth is computed from the ground region that is specified by the user using a simple boundary line. The object size and order of overlapping are automatically determined during the reposition based on the scene depth. In addition, our system enables the user to move shadows along with objects naturally by extracting the shadow mattes using only a few user‐specified scribbles. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of our system through applications to depth‐of‐field effects, fog synthesis and 3D walkthrough in an image.
We propose an image editing system for repositioning objects in a single image based on the perspective of the scene. In our system, an input image is transformed into a layer structure that is composed of object layers and a background layer, and then the scene depth is computed from the ground region that is specified by the user using a simple boundary line. The object size and order of overlapping are automatically determined during the reposition based on the scene depth. In addition, our system enables the user to move shadows along with objects naturally by extracting the shadow mattes using only a few user‐specified scribbles.
We simultaneously examined seasonal fluctuations in maximum quantum yield (F sub(v)/F sub(m)), cell density and genotypic clade composition of zooxanthellae in the sympatric corals Pavona divaricata ...and P. decussata at a high latitude site in Okinawa, Japan. The 2 species had different responses to seasonal changes in light and seawater temperature. P. decussata was associated only with clade C zooxanthellae (at all sampling times) while genotypic clade composition fluctuated in P. divaricata. Three colonies of P. divaricata harbored clade D throughout the year and the other 7 colonies changed clade type from C to D or vice versa, or contained a mixture of both clades on some sampling occasions. Though neither coral species suffered bleaching during the experimental period, there were F sub(v)/F sub(m) decreases in P. decussata and P. divaricata harboring clade C during cold and warm seasons; F sub(v)/F sub(m) of P. divaricata harboring clade D was stable. When exposed to low or high temperature under normal or high light, P. divaricata harboring clade D was less damaged and Photosystem II recovery was faster than in P. decussata harboring clade C. These results suggest that the sympatric congeneric corals have different symbiont switching flexibilities and this difference might account for the observed difference in stress susceptibility between the two species. In high-latitude reefs, both winter low temperatures and summer high temperatures may be potential stressors that cause coral bleaching, at least in corals with high clade C zooxanthellar fidelity.
A new rhizocephalan species of the genus
Dipterosaccus
Van Kampen & Boschma, 1925, is described from the host hermit crab
Calcinus vachoni
Forest on the coasts of mainland Japan and the Ryukyu ...Archipelago.
Dipterosaccus shiinoi
n. sp. differs from the previously described species,
D. indicus
Van Kampen & Boschma, 1925, which is redescribed, principally in the morphology of the mantle aperture and the disposition of the receptacle ducts. The distribution ranges of the two species partly overlap and they are sympatric at the same reef site near Okinawa Island. Their differentiation as two distinct species was confirmed by partial sequences of the
COI
gene. The monophyly of
Dipterosaccus
is supported by high Bayes posterior possibility and bootstrap values.
We have proposed a method for evaluating the free-space antenna factor of a log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) with a time-domain technique. The proposed method is based on a time-domain analysis and ...a pulse-compression technique. The proposed method enables the direct wave to be isolated from reflected waves on the ground plane of an open-area test site (OATS) and evaluation of the free-space antenna factor. In a measurement, two LPDAs are held on masts at a height of 6 m above the ground and are separated by 10 m. The direct wave is separated using a Wiener filter obtained from frequency-domain data at 3 m antenna separation. The proposed method can completely separate the direct wave from other waves from the ground plane of an OATS. The expanded uncertainty ( k = 2) of LPDAs was estimated to be from 0.38 to 0.45 dB over the frequency range from 300 to 1000 MHz.
Abstract
A high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber, with a unique cellular readout structure based on electroluminescence, has been developed for a large-scale neutrinoless double-beta decay ...search. In order to evaluate the detector performance and validate its design, a 180 L size prototype is being constructed and its commissioning with partial detector has been performed. The obtained energy resolution at 4.0 bar is 1.73 $\pm$ 0.07% (FWHM) at 511 keV. The energy resolution at the $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double-beta decay $Q$-value is estimated to be between 0.79 and 1.52% (FWHM) by extrapolation. Reconstructed event topologies show patterns peculiar to the track endpoint that can be used to distinguish $0\nu\beta\beta$ signals from gamma-ray backgrounds.
Green tea catechins (GTC), polyphenols extracted from the stalks and leaves of Camellia sinensis, are found in the different types of tea beverages and as antioxidant additives to many foods, snacks, ...fats and fatty oils. As a part of their safety assessment, subchronic toxicity was investigated in male and female F344 rats with dietary administration at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.3%, 1.25% and 5.0% for 90 days. The average daily intakes of GTC in each group were 180, 764 and 3525mg/kg body weight/day, respectively for males, and 189, 820 and 3542mg/kg body weight/day, respectively for females. No mortality or obvious clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period but body weights were reduced from week 1 to the end of the experiment in 5.0% males. In serum biochemistry, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in 5.0% males and females and aspartate transaminase in 5.0% females were increased, together with the relative liver weights in both sexes receiving 5.0%. Although decreases were evident for total cholesterol in 0.3–5.0% males and triglycerides in 1.25% and 5.0% males and 5.0% females, these changes were not considered to be adverse. Hematology and histopathological observation revealed no GTC-related toxicological changes. Based on above findings, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of GTC was estimated to be 1.25% (764mg/kg body weight/day for males and 820mg/kg body weight/day for females).
► A 13-week dietary toxicity study of hinokitiol is performed for re-evaluation. ► The no-observed-adverse-effect level for male and female F344 rats is 12.7 and 14.8mg/kgb.w./day, respectively. ► ...Myocarditis observed in previous studies is not evident.
Myocarditis has been reported in male F344 rats given a diet containing hinokitiol (HT). A subchronic toxicity study was here performed to re-evaluate toxic effects of HT in both sexes of F344 rats with dietary administration at concentrations of 0%, 0.02%, 0.07% and 0.2% for 13weeks. Significant reduction of body weight gain was noted in 0.2% males and 0.07% and above females. Significant decrease in RBC counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit was detected in 0.07% and 0.2% females. Significant increase in MCV was observed in 0.07% and above males and 0.2% females. In the rats given 0.07% and 0.2%, significant increase in total protein and albumin were detected in males, and in total cholesterol in females. Significant increases in total cholesterol, urea nitrogen and creatinine were also detected in the 0.2% males. Significant increase in relative liver weights was detected in the 0.07% and above males and females. Absolute and relative heart weights were significantly decreased in the 0.07% and above males. Based on the above findings the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of HT for both male and female rats was estimated to be 0.02%, translating into 12.7 and 14.8mg/kgb.w./day, respectively. Myocarditis was not evident in the present study.
The angular dependence of columnar recombination in xenon (Xe) gas, if observed for low energy nuclear tracks, can be used for a direction-sensitive dark matter search. We measured both scintillation ...and ionization yields to study columnar recombination for 5.4 MeV alpha particles in a high pressure gas detector filled with Xe gas at a pressure of 8 atm. Because the recombination photons are emitted several microseconds after de-excitation, the scintillation photons are separated into fast and slow components. While the fast component is not dependent on the track angle relative to the drift electric field, the slow component increases when the track is aligned with the electric field. This result indicates that the track angle relative to the electric field can be reconstructed from the scintillation time profile.
We are now developing Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) monolithic pixel detectors for X-ray and charged particle applications in collaboration with OKI Semiconductor Co., Ltd. The detector development ...project started in 2005 and the SOI process for pixel detectors was developed. We developed some prototypes of SOI pixel detectors. Specifically, integration type and counting type pixel detectors were irradiated with a continuous red laser, infrared laser and X-rays and their performances were studied. One of the issues in the SOI detectors is the back-gate effect, that is, higher back bias voltages affect the characteristics of SOI-CMOS transistors. As a result of the new process step to protect the device against the back-gate effect, images with higher back bias voltages were obtained in the integration-type pixel detector. We also confirmed the dependence on 8
keV X-ray intensity for the counting type pixel detector. In 2009, new versions of the detectors were designed to improve their performances with X-rays and charged particles.
Subchronic toxicity of gallic acid (GA) was investigated in F344 rats by feeding diet containing 0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.7 and 5% GA for 13 weeks. Each group consisted of 10 rats of each sex. Toxicological ...parameters included clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, blood biochemistry, organ weights and histopathological assessment. Body weight gain in the 5% GA-treated animals of both sexes from week 1 to the end of the experiment was significantly lower than that of the untreated controls. Toxic effects following administration of 0.6% or more in males and 5% in females included reduction of hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red blood cell counts and increase in reticulocytes. Histopathologically, extramedullary hematopoiesis, hemosiderin deposition and congestion appeared in the spleens of 5% GA-treated animals, suggesting development of hemolytic anemia. In addition, centrilobular liver cell hypertrophy, reflected in increase in liver weight, was observed in animals of both sexes from 1.7%. In the kidney, Berlin blue-negative brown pigment deposition in the proximal tubular epithelium was observed at 5% GA. However, the severity of these pathological changes was weak. Based on the present toxicology data, 0.2% was determined to be a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in rats. This level was translated into 119 and 128 mg/kg/day, respectively for male and female rats.
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