subsp.
BLI-02,
ET-66,
LPL28, and
TYCA06, isolated from healthy breast milk, miso, and the healthy human gut, were assessed for safety in this study. BLI-02, LPL28, TYCA06, and ET-66 exhibited no ...antibiotic resistance and mutagenic activity in the Ames test at the highest dosage (5000 μg/plate). No genotoxicity was observed in micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays in rodent spermatogonia at the maximum dosage of 10 g/kg body weight (BW). No acute and sub-chronic toxicity occurred in mice and rats at the maximum tested dosage of 10 g/kg BW and 1.5 g/kg BW, respectively. The lyophilized powder of these strains survived a low pH and high bile salt environment, adhering strongly to Caco-2 cells. Unique antimicrobial activities were noted in these strains, with BLI-02 demonstrating the best growth inhibition against
, LPL28 exhibiting the best growth inhibition against
, and ET-66 showing the best growth inhibition against
. Based on the present study, the lyophilized powder of these four strains appears to be a safe probiotic supplement at tested dosages. It should be applicable for clinical or healthcare applications.
The fermented broth of lactic acid bacteria (LFB)was the side product while lactic acid bacteria produced; however, it was abundant of antimicrobial activity. That might be a good candidate for feed ...additive in aquaculture. In this study, the fermented broth of Lactobacillus paracasei GL-156, the most antibacterial activity, was further evaluated the safety, growth performance gut microbiota. Common carp consumed the feed in dose of 1000 ppm LFB, the survival was no significant different with control group, but the growth performance was significant increased. In the intestine microbiota analysis, the treatment fish shown the decrease of vibrio, but no different of total bacterial count. These results demonstrate the LFB from GL-156 in enhancing the growth performance, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and promoting the growth of probiotic organisms. Compare with live probiotics currently used in aquaculture, using LFB will achieved beneficial effects equally, while providing superior tolerance to manufacturing processes, and in the lower cost.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent head injury worldwide which increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory chemokines after TBI ...induces secondary effects which damage neurons. Targeting NADPH oxidase or increasing redox systems are ways to reduce ROS and damage. Earlier studies show that C–C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) has neurotrophic functions such as promoting neurite outgrowth as well as reducing apoptosis. Although CCL5 levels in blood are associated with severity in TBI patients, the function of CCL5 after brain injury is unclear. In the current study, we induced mild brain injury in C57BL/6 (wildtype, WT) mice and CCL5 knockout (CCL5-KO) mice using a weight-drop model. Cognitive and memory functions in mice were analyzed by Novel-object-recognition and Barnes Maze tests. The memory performance of both WT and KO mice were impaired after mild injury. Cognition and memory function in WT mice quickly recovered after 7 days but recovery took more than 14 days in CCL5-KO mice. FJC, NeuN and Hypoxyprobe staining revealed large numbers of neurons damaged by oxidative stress in CCL5-KO mice after mTBI. NADPH oxidase activity show increased ROS generation together with reduced glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) and glutathione (GSH) activity in CCL5-KO mice; this was opposite to that seen in WT mice. CCL5 increased GPX1 expression and reduced intracellular ROS levels which subsequently increased cell survival both in primary neuron cultures and in an overexpression model using SHSY5Y cell. Memory impairment in CCL5-KO mice induced by TBI could be rescued by i.p. injection of the GSH precursor – N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or intranasal delivery of recombinant CCL5 into mice after injury. We conclude that CCL5 is an important molecule for GPX1 antioxidant activation during post-injury day 1–3, and protects hippocampal neurons from ROS as well as improves memory function after trauma.
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The glucokinase regulator gene (GCKR) is located on chromosome 2p23. It plays a crucial role in maintaining plasma glucose homeostasis and metabolic traits. Recently, genome-wide association studies ...have revealed a positive association between hyperuricemia and GCKR variants in adults. This study investigated this genetic association in Taiwanese adolescents. Data were collected from our previous cross-sectional study (Taipei Children Heart Study). The frequencies of various genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) or alleles (C and T) of the GCKR intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs780094 and the coding SNP rs1260326 (Pro446Leu, a common 1403C-T transition) were compared between a total of 968 Taiwanese adolescents (473 boys, 495 girls) with hyperuricemia or normal uric acid levels on the basis of gender differences. Logistic and linear regression analyses explored the role of GCKR in abnormal uric acid (UA) levels. Boys had higher UA levels than girls (6.68 ± 1.29 and 5.23 ± 0.95 mg/dl, respectively, p < 0.001). The analysis of both SNPs in girls revealed that the T allele was more likely to appear in patients with hyperuricemia than the C allele. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratio (OR) for hyperuricemia incidence in the TT genotype was 1.75 (95% confidence interval CI 1.02-3.00), which was higher than that in the C allele carriers in rs1260326 in the girl population. Similarly, the TT genotypes had a higher risk of hyperuricemia, with an OR of 2.29 (95% CI 1.11-4.73) for rs1260326 and 2.28 (95% CI 1.09-4.75) for rs780094, than the CC genotype in girl adolescents. The T (Leu446) allele of GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism is associated with higher UA levels in Taiwanese adolescent girls.
Olympic No. 1 (OLP-01) has been shown in previous animal experiments to improve exercise endurance performance, but this effect has not been confirmed in humans, or more particularly, in athletes. ...Toward this end, the current study combined OLP-01 supplementation with regular exercise training in well-trained middle- and long-distance runners at the National Taiwan Sport University. The study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. Twenty-one subjects (14 males and seven females aged 20-30 years) were evenly distributed according to total distance (meters) traveled in 12 min to one of the following two groups: a placebo group (seven males and three females) and an OLP-01 (1.5 × 10
colony forming units (CFU)/day) group (seven males and four females). All the participants received placebo or OLP-01 supplements for five consecutive weeks consisting of three weeks of regular training and two weeks of de-training. Before and after the experiment, the participants were tested for 12-min running/walking distance, and body composition, blood/serum, and fecal samples were analyzed. The results showed that OLP-01 significantly increased the change in the 12-min Cooper's test running distance and the abundance of gut microbiota. Although no significant change in body composition was found, OLP-01 caused no adverse reactions or harm to the participants' bodies. In summary, OLP-01 can be used as a sports nutrition supplement, especially for athletes, to improve exercise performance.
Probiotics had been used to decreased bilirubin level in neonatal jaundice (NJ) without being further studied mechanism and stratification. The intestinal pathogen Escherichia coli produced ...β-glucuronidase would increase enterohepatic circulation and elevate serum bilirubin levels (SBLs) which might worsen the disease process of NJ.
We hypothesized that some probiotics could decrease bilirubin level through inhibiting the growth of E. coli. It's assumed that adjuvant probiotic intervention might accelerate the phototherapy for NJ and alleviate the severity of the NJ. Besides, it's further study the efficacy of the probiotic intervention in NJ among the full-term and preterm newborns.
Firstly, the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 was screened for its anti-E. coli activity. Then, it was orally administered to newborns with NJ in combination with conventional phototherapy (wavelength 425-457 nm) to determine its efficacy. 83 neonatal patients whose serum bilirubinemia was at a concentration of ≥ 15 mg/dL were participated the double-blind randomized trial and conducted in the neonatal ward of China Medical University Children's Hospital (CMUCH, Taichung, Taiwan). The test was conducted in 2 groups: experimental group: phototherapy + B. animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 (n = 43; 5 × 109 CFU/capsule) and control group: phototherapy + placebo (n = 40). The SBL and total phototherapy duration were measured.
The experimental group showed improved serum bilirubin decline rate (-0.16 ± 0.02 mg/dL/h; P = .009, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.2), particularly in the first 24 hour of in-hospital care, and reduced total phototherapy duration (44.82 ± 3.23 h; P = .011, 95% CI: 51.3-38.2) compared with the control group. Especially, probiotics had a significant therapeutic effect (serum bilirubin decline rate: -0.18 ± 0.02 mg/dL/h, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.23, P = .014; phototherapy duration: 43.17 ± 22.72 h, 95% CI 51.9-34.3, P = .019) in the low-risk subgroup (full-term newborns).
In conclusion, B. animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 synergistically improves treatment outcomes of NJ during in-hospital phototherapy including reduced total phototherapy duration and improved serum bilirubin decline rate, particularly in full-term newborns.
Radiation proctitis (RP) is a significant complication of pelvic radiation. Effective treatments for chronic RP are currently lacking. We report a case where chronic RP was successfully managed by ...metformin and butyrate (M-B) enema and suppository therapy.
A 70-year-old Asian male was diagnosed with prostate cancer of bilateral lobes, underwent definitive radiotherapy to the prostate of 76 Gy in 38 fractions and six months of androgen deprivation therapy. Despite a stable PSA nadir of 0.2 ng/mL for 10 months post-radiotherapy, he developed intermittent rectal bleeding, and was diagnosed as chronic RP. Symptoms persisted despite two months of oral mesalamine, mesalamine enema and hydrocortisone enema treatment. Transition to daily 2% metformin and butyrate (M-B) enema for one week led to significant improvement, followed by maintenance therapy with daily 2.0% M-B suppository for three weeks, resulting in continued reduction of rectal bleeding. Endoscopic examination and biopsy demonstrated a good therapeutic effect.
M-B enema and suppository may be an effective treatment for chronic RP.
Background
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. If skin lesions are not treated well in time, they can leave a permanent impact on the appearance and a negative influence on personal ...confidence. The common therapy for acne symptom includes antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and azeleic acid. However, those medications have side effects, and the long‐term use should be cautious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe and effective material, which is more suitable for daily use.
Objective
Collagen was selected to co‐ferment with three probiotic strains TYCA06/AP‐32/CP‐9 (TAC) due to its excellent feature on wound healing. The fermented material was added into cosmetic gel and applied on subjects' acne lesions. The antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and anti‐inflammation effect around lesion area were investigated in a 4‐week clinical study.
Material and Methods
An anti‐P. acnes assay, a keratinocytes HaCaT cell‐based wound healing assay, and a cytokine assay on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)‐33 were used to evaluate the function of the fermented material in vitro. The TAC/Collagen formula was further incorporated into a cosmetic gel, and the human clinical trial was carried out by applying this gel on 20 volunteers' face with acne vulgaris. The moisture score, sebum content, inflammation, porphyrins numbers, and brown spot number of whole face were observed and recorded.
Results
The postbiotics of the TAC/Collagen displayed a good growth inhibition against P. acnes and reduced TSLP and IL‐33 inflammation in vitro. This TAC/Collagen formula enhanced the wound healing in HaCaT cell culture. The result of the clinical trial showed the TAC/Collagen gel improved the moisture score and inflammation index of the skin in vivo. In addition, this TAC/Collagen gel also improved the wound healing of acne symptom in volunteers with acne vulgaris. Moreover, this TAC/Collagen gel reduced the number of the porphyrins and brown spots on facial skin.
Conclusion
These postbiotics of TAC/Collagen have beneficial effects on skin health and are able to ameliorate the redness, inflammation, and acne symptom in acne vulgaris patients.
Increasing evidence supporting a causal link between obesity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in adipose tissue is being reported. Protein disulfide isomerase 4 (PDIA4) is a novel ER chaperone ...involved in the pancreatic β‐cells pathogenesis in diabetes. However, the role of PDIA4 in obesity progression remains poorly understood. To assess the relationship between PDIA4, adiponectin, and metformin, we used the palmitate‐induced inflammation in hypertrophic adipocytes and the high‐fat diet‐induced obesity mouse model. Our results revealed that palmitate‐induced hypertrophic adipocytes exhibit obesity‐associated conditions such as increased lipid accumulation, inflammation, and reduced glucose uptake. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PDIA4 significantly reverses these obesity‐associated conditions in adipocytes. PDIA4 mechanistically promotes obesity progression via adiponectin downregulation. Furthermore, metformin modulates PDIA4 and adiponectin expression and improves obesity‐associated conditions in both in vitro adipocytes and in vivo mouse models. Serum PDIA4 concentrations are also associated with body mass index, adiponectin, triglycerides, and inflammatory cytokines in humans. This is the first study demonstrating that PDIA4 modulates adipocytes by downregulating adiponectin. Moreover, metformin may serve as a potential therapeutic for preventing obesity via PDIA4‐targeting.
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