Bifidobacteria are commensal microbes of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we aimed to identify the intestinal colonization mechanisms and key metabolic pathways implemented by ...Bifidobacterium dentium.
B. dentium displayed acid resistance, with high viability over a pH range from 4 to 7; findings that correlated to the expression of Na+/H+ antiporters within the B. dentium genome. B. dentium was found to adhere to human MUC2+ mucus and harbor mucin-binding proteins. Using microbial phenotyping microarrays and fully-defined media, we demonstrated that in the absence of glucose, B. dentium could metabolize a variety of nutrient sources. Many of these nutrient sources were plant-based, suggesting that B. dentium can consume dietary substances. In contrast to other bifidobacteria, B. dentium was largely unable to grow on compounds found in human mucus; a finding that was supported by its glycosyl hydrolase (GH) profile. Of the proteins identified in B. dentium by proteomic analysis, a large cohort of proteins were associated with diverse metabolic pathways, indicating metabolic plasticity which supports colonization of the dynamic gastrointestinal environment.
Taken together, we conclude that B. dentium is well adapted for commensalism in the gastrointestinal tract.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
The impetus of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is to allow patients to return to sport and to remain engaged in physical activity. Many patients exhibit deficits in ...psychological domains of health-related quality of life which may impede return to sport and physical activity participation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association of patient-based, specifically psychological, and functional outcomes with return to sport and physical activity.
Methods
Forty participants, a minimum of 1-year post-ACLR, reported to the laboratory for one-testing session. Participants completed a series of patient-based and functional outcome assessments. Participants were also instructed to wear a pedometer for 1 week to monitor their daily steps.
Results
Twenty-five participants (62%) did not return to sport and 29 participants (72%) did not average 10,000 steps per day. Individuals with elevated levels of self-reported kinesiophobia were 17% less likely to return to sport. Self-reported knee self-efficacy and knee-related quality of life accounted for 27.1% of the variance of average daily step counts.
Conclusions
Psychological factors, specifically injury-related fear and self-efficacy, were associated more significantly than functional outcomes with return to sport and physical activity levels. Clinicians should examine psychological factors throughout rehabilitation in patients after ACLR. Future research should explore the effectiveness of psychoeducation techniques to decrease injury-related fear and enhance self-efficacy in this population.
Level of evidence
III.
We investigate hydrology during a past climate slightly warmer than the present: the last interglacial (LIG). With daily output of preindustrial and LIG simulations from eight new climate models we ...force hydrological model PCR‐GLOBWB and in turn hydrodynamic model CaMa‐Flood. Compared to preindustrial, annual mean LIG runoff, discharge, and 100‐yr flood volume are considerably larger in the Northern Hemisphere, by 14%, 25%, and 82%, respectively. Anomalies are negative in the Southern Hemisphere. In some boreal regions, LIG runoff and discharge are lower despite higher precipitation, due to the higher temperatures and evaporation. LIG discharge is much higher for the Niger, Congo, Nile, Ganges, Irrawaddy, and Pearl and lower for the Mississippi, Saint Lawrence, Amazon, Paraná, Orange, Zambesi, Danube, and Ob. Discharge is seasonally postponed in tropical rivers affected by monsoon changes. Results agree with published proxies on the sign of discharge anomaly in 15 of 23 sites where comparison is possible.
Plain Language Summary
It is still uncertain how the water cycle will respond to a warmer climate in the coming decades. To increase our understanding of the relationships between climate and hydrology, we study the past climate of the last interglacial, which was slightly warmer than the present. We present the results of a modeling approach, showing that while Northern Hemisphere precipitation was higher during the last interglacial, discharge of rivers was even higher, and floods were even larger. On the contrary, in the Southern Hemisphere precipitation, discharge and floods were lower. We show that, for some regions, precipitation, discharge, and floods do not have the same direction of change. The seasonal timing of discharge also changes for some large basins of the Northern Hemisphere. Finally, for 23 sites, we compare our results to geological evidence. These results form a useful term of comparison to both projections of the future and geological studies of past hydrology.
Key Points
We present the first modeling of hydrology and floods for the last interglacial
Boreal precipitation and runoff are higher than preindustrial, and boreal river discharge and flood volume are (in %) even higher
Most of the discharge occurs later in the year in large river basins of the Northern Hemisphere
The basal forebrain contains multiple structures of great interest to emerging functional neurosurgery applications, yet many neuroradiologists are unfamiliar with this neuroanatomy because it is not ...resolved with current clinical MR imaging.
We applied an optimized TSE T2 sequence to washed whole postmortem brain samples (
= 13) to demonstrate and characterize the detailed anatomy of the basal forebrain using a clinical 3T MR imaging scanner. We measured the size of selected internal myelinated pathways and measured subthalamic nucleus size, oblique orientation, and position relative to the intercommissural point.
We identified most basal ganglia and diencephalon structures using serial axial, coronal, and sagittal planes relative to the intercommissural plane. Specific oblique image orientations demonstrated the positions and anatomic relationships for selected structures of interest to functional neurosurgery. We observed only 0.2- to 0.3-mm right-left differences in the anteroposterior and superoinferior length of the subthalamic nucleus (
= .084 and .047, respectively). Individual variability for the subthalamic nucleus was greatest for angulation within the sagittal plane (range, 15°-37°), transverse dimension (range, 2-6.7 mm), and most inferior border (range, 4-7 mm below the intercommissural plane).
Direct identification of basal forebrain structures in multiple planes using the TSE T2 sequence makes this challenging neuroanatomy more accessible to practicing neuroradiologists. This protocol can be used to better define individual variations relevant to functional neurosurgical targeting and validate/complement advanced MR imaging methods being developed for direct visualization of these structures in living patients.
For certain compositions Ni-Mn-Sn and related magnetic shape-memory alloys undergo a martensitic transition at temperatures in the range 300-400 K, with the emergence of novel magnetic properties ...below the transition. While Ni sub(50)Mn sub(50) is an antiferromagnet, substitution of Sn on some fraction of the Mn sites in Ni sub(50)Mn sub(50-x)Sn sub(x) leads to competing ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) phases at low temperatures. Details of this magnetic phase coexistence are, however, significantly lacking, particularly with respect to the AF phase. The present investigations use zero applied magnetic field super(55)Mn NMR as a local probe of the magnetic properties of the alloy Ni sub(50)Mn sub(50-x)Sn sub(x) with x = 10. Rich multipeak spectra are observed, and the various components are definitively assigned to nanoscale F or AF regions. Measurements of the static nuclear hyperfine field distributions as a function of temperature, and in small applied fields, together with nuclear relaxation rates provide detailed information on the size distributions, relative concentrations, and physical natures of these F and AF regions. The results show that the nanoscale magnetic features of the x = 10 system are substantially more complex than previous studies have suggested. We argue that the general approach used in these experiments is applicable to other such complex metal alloys, and could yield many additional insights.
Bacteroidetes are the most common bacterial phylum in the mammalian intestine and the effects of several
spp. on multiple facets of host physiology have been previously described. Of the
spp.,
has ...recently garnered attention due to its beneficial effects in the context of intestinal inflammation. In this study, we aimed to examine model host intestinal physiological conditions and dietary modifications to characterize their effects on
growth.
Using Biolog phenotypic microarrays, we evaluated 62 primary carbon sources and determined that
ATCC 8384 can use the following carbohydrates as primary carbon sources: 10 disaccharides, 4 trisaccharides, 4 polysaccharides, 4 polymers, 3 L-linked sugars, 6 D-linked sugars, 5 amino-sugars, 6 alcohol sugars, and 15 organic acids. Proteomic profiling of
bacteria revealed that a significant portion of the
proteome contains proteins important for metabolism. Among the proteins, we found glycosyl hydrolase (GH) familes GH2, GH5, GH20, GH 43, GH88, GH92, and GH95. We also identified multiple proteins with antioxidant properties and reasoned that these proteins may support
growth in the GI tract. Upon further testing, we showed that
grew robustly in various pH, osmolarity, bile, ethanol, and H
O
concentrations; indicating that
is a well-adapted gut microbe.
Taken together, we have demonstrated that key host and diet-derived changes in the intestinal environment influence
growth. These data provide the framework for future work toward understanding how diet and lifestyle interventions may promote a beneficial environment for
growth.
Lateral ankle sprains account for a large proportion of musculoskeletal injuries among civilians and military service members, with up to 40% of patients developing chronic ankle instability (CAI). ...Although foot function is compromised in patients with CAI, these impairments are not routinely addressed by current standard of care (SOC) rehabilitation protocols, potentially limiting their effectiveness. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to determine if a Foot Intensive REhabilitation (FIRE) protocol is more effective compared to SOC rehabilitation for patients with CAI.
This study will use a three-site, single-blind, randomized controlled trial design with data collected over four data collection points (baseline and post-intervention with 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups) to assess variables related to recurrent injury, sensorimotor function, and self-reported function. A total of 150 CAI patients (50 per site) will be randomly assigned to one of two rehabilitation groups (FIRE or SOC). Rehabilitation will consist of a 6-week intervention composed of supervised and home exercises. Patients assigned to SOC will complete exercises focused on ankle strengthening, balance training, and range of motion, while patients assigned to FIRE will complete a modified SOC program along with additional exercises focused on intrinsic foot muscle activation, dynamic foot stability, and plantar cutaneous stimulation.
The overall goal of this trial is to compare the effectiveness of a FIRE program versus a SOC program on near- and long-term functional outcomes in patients with CAI. We hypothesize the FIRE program will reduce the occurrence of future ankle sprains and ankle giving way episodes while creating clinically relevant improvements in sensorimotor function and self-reported disability beyond the SOC program alone. This study will also provide longitudinal outcome findings for both FIRE and SOC for up to two years. Enhancing the current SOC for CAI will improve the ability of rehabilitation to reduce subsequent ankle injuries, diminish CAI-related impairments, and improve patient-oriented measures of health, which are critical for the immediate and long-term health of civilians and service members with this condition. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Registry: NCT #NCT04493645 (7/29/20).
Dating abuse (DA) is prevalent and consequential, but no brief DA screening tools are available for use in pediatric or other settings. This study was designed to determine the sensitivity, ...specificity, and predictive values of the MARSHA-C, which is a three-item DA victimization screening tool.
The participants were 224 U.S. youth ages 11-21 years old (20% male, 77% female, 3% non-binary gender). Youth completed an online questionnaire about adolescent relationship abuse. The survey included the Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA), which is a comprehensive DA measurement instrument normed on a nationally representative sample. Of 34 DA victimization items from the MARSHA, the three most prevalent items were hypothesized to have good predictive validity of the full scale score as a brief, screening version (MARSHA-C). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the MARSHA-C to identify victims of DA was calculated.
Using the MARSHA as the reference standard, the cutpoint of 1 on the MARSHA-C screening tool was identified as optimal. The MARSHA-C had a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 91%, and positive predictive value of 91%. Thus, for youth who endorse ≥ 1 MARSHA-C items, there is a 91% probability that they have experienced DA in the past year. Exploratory analyses by demographic subgroups suggest that the predictive validity of the MARSHA-C is approximately equivalent for females and males, younger and older adolescents, Asian, Black, Latinx, Multiracial and White youth, and heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth.
The MARSHA-C can be used to detect DA among 11-21-year-old youth via online surveys for research purposes, or in clinical care settings to facilitate proactive patient counseling or parent-oriented anticipatory guidance.
Aim
To evaluate the effect of moisture content in root canal dentine on detection of microcracks using micro‐computed tomography.
Methodology
Ten roots with and without craze lines or cracks (each ...n = 5) were selected and scanned six times with different moisture conditions of root dentine using a micro‐CT scanner at a high resolution of 10.5 μm. Scanning conditions were as follows: (i) after 30‐day wet storage, (ii) after 2‐h dry time, (iii) after 48‐h wet storage, (iv) after 24‐h dry time, (v) after 48‐h wet storage, (vi) after 2‐h dry time. From each scan, cross‐sectional images were obtained at intervals of 1 mm (total n = 708) and evaluated for the presence of dentinal microcracks twice by five calibrated blinded observers. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric analysis of variance for longitudinal data (P < 0.05).
Results
Intra‐rater percentage agreement ranged between 92% and 98%, whereas inter‐rater percentage agreement was 81% and 83%, respectively. No significant differences between all wet groups as well as between both groups with 2‐h dry time were detected (P > 0.05). Almost no cracks were observed after wet storage with a significant increase of cracks after 2‐h dry time (P < 0.001). Significantly more microcracks were identified after 24 h than after 2‐h dry time (P < 0.004).
Conclusions
Moisture content of dentine influenced detection of microcracks when evaluated using micro‐CT. Scanning should be performed on dried specimens to allow reliable identification of dentinal defects. Formation of new cracks during dry periods up to 24 h was disproved.
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