Rapid Arctic warming has intensified northern wildfires and is thawing carbon-rich permafrost. Carbon emissions from permafrost thaw and Arctic wildfires, which are not fully accounted for in global ...emissions budgets, will greatly reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that humans can emit to remain below 1.5 °C or 2 °C. The Paris Agreement provides ongoing opportunities to increase ambition to reduce society's greenhouse gas emissions, which will also reduce emissions from thawing permafrost. In December 2020, more than 70 countries announced more ambitious nationally determined contributions as part of their Paris Agreement commitments; however, the carbon budgets that informed these commitments were incomplete, as they do not fully account for Arctic feedbacks. There is an urgent need to incorporate the latest science on carbon emissions from permafrost thaw and northern wildfires into international consideration of how much more aggressively societal emissions must be reduced to address the global climate crisis.
Abstract
Permafrost thaw is drastically altering Arctic lands and creating hazardous conditions for its residents, who are being forced to make difficult and urgent decisions about where and how to ...live to protect themselves and their lifeways from the impacts of climate change. Permafrost thaw also poses a risk to global climate due to the large pool of organic carbon in permafrost, which, when thawed, can release greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere, exacerbating an already rapidly warming climate. Permafrost thaw has significant implications for adaptation and mitigation policy worldwide. However, it remains almost entirely excluded from policy dialogues at the regional, national, and international levels. Here we discuss current gaps and recommendations for increasing the integration of permafrost science into policy, focusing on three core components: reducing scientific uncertainty; targeting scientific outputs to address climate policy needs; and co-developing just and equitable climate adaptation plans to respond to the hazards of permafrost thaw.
Energy-technology innovation GALLAGHER, Kelly Sims; HOLDREN, John P; SAGAR, Ambuj D
Annual review of environment and resources,
01/2006, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
▪ Abstract Energy-technology innovation (ETI) is the set of processes leading to new or improved energy technologies that can augment energy resources; enhance the quality of energy services; and ...reduce the economic, environmental, or political costs associated with energy supply and use. Advances achieved through ETI have made large contributions to the improvement of the human condition over the past 100 years. Still more will be required of ETI during the decades ahead if civilization is to succeed in meeting what we believe are the three greatest energy challenges still before it: reducing dependence on oil, drastically upgrading the energy services provided to the world's poor, and providing the energy required to increase and sustain prosperity everywhere without wrecking the global climate with the emissions from fossil-fuel burning. This will require significant enhancements to ETI through deeper analysis of ETI processes, greater investments in ETI, improved innovation policies, and better coordination and partnerships across sectors and countries.
Ralph J. Cicerone (1943-2016) Holdren, John P.; McNutt, Marcia K.
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
12/2016, Letnik:
354, Številka:
6316
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A leader in science and policy championed efforts to understand and tackle climate change
Ask which university in the United States does the most to improve career outcomes for low-income students, ...and the University of California (UC), Irvine, comes out on top, based on surveys. This is the fertile environment for teaching and research that Ralph J. Cicerone, as chancellor (1998–2005), brought to international prominence. Walk around the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, and hear the echoes of more than a century and a half of lofty debate among the nation's most respected scientists. This is the sanctuary for science that Cicerone, as president (2005–2016), lovingly nurtured and enhanced.
The arguments in favor of the United States' declaring that the only purpose of its nuclear weapons is to deter others who possess them from using theirs - in other words, that in no circumstances ...will this country use nuclear weapons first - are far stronger than the arguments against this stance. It must be hoped that the next US administration will take this no-first-use step promptly.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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