The role Franjo Tuđman and the Croatian government played in the process of peaceful reintegration of Croatian Danube region Hrvatsko Podunavlje (the Croatian Danube region) and in the establishment ...of the country’s full sovereignty is presented and analyzed, on the basis of documentary evidence, in this work. Also contained in this work are explanations and analyses related to the main objectives of the Republic of Croatia’s policies in the period from the end of 1995 to 1998. The influence of the USA and the international community on the process of resolving the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and their relationship with Franjo Tuđman is also presented. In this context this work gives an overview of the most relevant circumstances that led to the political agreement on peaceful reintegration of Hrvatsko Podunavlje and the two-year long implementation of the process.
The role Franjo Tuđman and the Croatian government played in the process of peaceful reintegration of Croatian Danube region Hrvatsko Podunavlje (the Croatian Danube region) and in the establishment ...of the country’s full sovereignty is presented and analyzed, on the basis of documentary evidence, in this work. Also contained in this work are explanations and analyses related to the main objectives of the Republic of Croatia’s policies in the period from the end of 1995 to 1998. The influence of the USA and the international community on the process of resolving the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and their relationship with Franjo Tuđman is also presented. In this context this work gives an overview of the most relevant circumstances that led to the political agreement on peaceful reintegration of Hrvatsko Podunavlje and the two-year long implementation of the process.
Hrvatski sabor donio je 25. lipnja 1991. Ustavnu odluku o suverenosti i samostalnosti i Deklaraciju o proglašenju suverene i samostalne Republike Hrvatske, čime je objavio i formalizirao volju ...hrvatskoga naroda i građana Republike Hrvatske izrađenu na referendumu održanom pet tjedana prije. Usvajanjem navedenih dokumenata, a u nemogućnosti postizanja novog političkog dogovora kojim bi se razriješila jugoslavenska državna i politička kriza, Hrvatska je ušla u završnu fazu procesa osamostaljenja. No, unutarjugoslavenske i međunarodne prilike i odnosi nisu predstavljali povoljan okvir hrvatskoga osamostaljenja, nego je u tom procesu Hrvatska nailazila na brojne prepreke, opstrukcije, nerazumijevanja, pa i otpore. Dio međunarodnih aktera, pritisnut odlučnošću hrvatskog političkog vodstva kao i brutalnošću srbijanske oružane agresije, postupno je gradio afirmativan stav prema odluci o izlasku Hrvatske iz SFRJ kao jedinom racionalnom odgovoru na jugoslavensku krizu i rastući velikosrpski nacionalizam i ekspanzionizam. Tri desetljeća nakon sudbonosnih odluka Hrvatskoga sabora prigoda je da podsjetimo na ključne državno-političke i međunarodnopravne akte koji su doveli do priznanja te međunarodne i diplomatske afirmacije Republike Hrvatske, kao i da ukratko ukažemo na one unutarnje i međunarodne dionike koji su se tom procesu odupirali, ali i na one koji su ga podržavali.
Hrvatski sabor donio je 25. lipnja 1991. Ustavnu odluku o suverenosti i samostalnosti i Deklaraciju o proglašenju suverene i samostalne Republike Hrvatske, čime je objavio i formalizirao volju ...hrvatskoga naroda i građana Republike Hrvatske izraženu na referendumu održanom pet tjedana prije. Usvajanjem navedenih dokumenata, a u nemogućnosti postizanja novog političkog dogovora kojim bi se razriješila jugoslavenska državna i politička kriza, Hrvatska je ušla u završnu fazu procesa osamostaljenja. No, unutarjugoslavenske i međunarodne prilike i odnosi nisu predstavljali povoljan okvir hrvatskoga osamostaljenja, nego je u tom procesu Hrvatska nailazila na brojne prepreke, opstrukcije, nerazumijevanja, pa i otpore. Dio međunarodnih aktera, pritisnut odlučnošću hrvatskog političkog vodstva kao i brutalnošću srbijanske oružane agresije, postupno je gradio afirmativan stav prema odluci o izlasku Hrvatske iz SFRJ kao jedinom racionalnom odgovoru na jugoslavensku krizu i rastući velikosrpski nacionalizam i ekspanzionizam. Tri desetljeća nakon sudbonosnih odluka Hrvatskoga sabora prigoda je da podsjetimo na ključne državno-političke i međunarodnopravne akte koji su doveli do priznanja te međunarodne i diplomatske afirmacije Republike Hrvatske, kao i da ukratko ukažemo na one unutarnje i međunarodne dionike koji su se tom procesu odupirali, ali i na one koji su ga podržavali.
Članak daje pregled arhivskih fondova i zbirki nastalih radom paradržavnih civilnih i vojnih ustanova (i postrojbi) pobunjenih Srba na okupiranom području Republike Hrvatske: skupštine i vlade ...Republike Srpske Krajine, pripadajućih ministarstava, pravosudnih i upravnih tijela na lokalnoj razini, političkih stranaka i udruga, te zonskih štabova i njihovih sljednika, korpusā Srpske vojske Krajine. Prikazano je i gradivo nastalo radom Jugoslavenske narodne armije, pohranjeno u Centru, koja je u vremenu svoje transformacije prešla i u Vojsku Republike Srpske Krajine, kao i u Vojsku Republike Srpske. Oblikovani arhivski fondovi i zbirke većim dijelom pripadaju cjelini arhivskog gradiva Republike Srpske Krajine (Srpske Autonomne Oblasti Krajine), prikupljenog nakon oslobodilačkih vojno-redarstvenih operacija Bljesak i Oluja.
This article provides an overview of archival holdings and collections of the civic and military institutions of the para-state of the rebel Serbs in the Republic of Croatia in the period from 1990 to 1995, that is to say the archival records set up in the occupied territory of the Republic of Croatia as well as those of the JNA (Yugoslav People’s Army). At issue are the materials that were the result of the work of the “Republic of Serbian Krajina”, of its parliament, government, ministries, judicial authorities and governing bodies at the local level
as well as that of the political parties and associations, the corps of
the Serbian Army of Krajina and its predecessors (zone headquarters). In other words, on the basis of stored archival materials, a review of the activities of the JNA, of its transformation and role during the aggression against Croatia is provided. The contents of the archival holdings of the institutions of the “Republic of Serbian Krajina” indicate the intention of their creators and their focus on the partition of the territory of the Republic of Croatia and annexing a part to the Republic of Serbia and Yugoslavia. The materials were collected after the military-police liberating operations Bljesak and Oluja, and then transferred to the Croatian State Archive and at the end
of 2005 to the Croatian Memorial-Documentation Centre of the Homeland War.
Članak na temelju arhivskog gradiva, fonda Državna komisija za popis i procjenu ratne štete, daje pregled ratnih šteta na kulturnim dobrima na području Osječko-baranjske županije. Od početka ...velikosrpske agresije na Hrvatsku, područje Osječko-baranjske županije bilo je gotovo svakodnevno napadano, a sjeveroistočno područje županije, Baranja, bilo je okupirano od kolovoza 1991. do završetka procesa mirne reintegracije hrvatskog Podunavlja u siječnju 1998. godine. Područje Osječko-baranjske županije u vrijeme Domovinskoga rata pretrpjelo je silna razaranja graditeljske baštine, sakralnih spomenika, kao i pokretnih kulturnih dobara koja su otuđena i dijelom uništena.
From the beginning of the open Greater Serbian aggression against Croatia in summer 1991, Osijek-Baranya County was exposed to the attacks
of the JNA (Yugoslav People's Army) and Serbian forces. Osijek was attacked almost on a daily basis and the north eastern area of the county, Baranya, was occupied by the end of August 1991 and stayed occupied up until the end of the process of the peaceful reintegration of the Croatian Danube River Basin in January 1998. During the aggression against Croatia the JNA and Serbian forces had occupied by the end of 1991 nearly one third of Croatia and with the intention of annihilating all traces of the existence of the culture of one nation and its continuity in these territories damaged and destroyed its historical buildings and cemeteries. The area of the Osijek-Baranya County suffered during the Homeland War immense destruction of the architectural heritage and sacred monuments as well as of movable cultural property which had been alienated and partially destroyed. War damage to 388 cultural monuments, over an area of 545,097 m2, was assessed at HRD 451,506.000 (HRK 232,203.085,71) or DEM 64,501 million (EUR 33,436 million).
From the beginning of the open Greater Serbian aggression against Croatia in summer 1991, Osijek-Baranya County was exposed to the attacks of the JNA (Yugoslav People’s Army) and Serbian forces. ...Osijek was attacked almost on a daily basis and the north eastern area of the county, Baranya, was occupied by the end of August 1991 and stayed occupied up until the end of the process of the peaceful reintegration of the Croatian Danube River Basin in January 1998. During the aggression against Croatia the JNA and Serbian forces had occupied by the end of 1991 nearly one third of Croatia and with the intention of annihilating all traces of the existence of the culture of one nation and its continuity in these territories damaged and destroyed its historical buildings and cemeteries. The area of the Osijek-Baranya County suffered during the Homeland War immense destruction of the architectural heritage and sacred monuments as well as of movable cultural property which had been alienated and partially destroyed. War damage to 388 cultural monuments, over an area of 545,097 m2, was assessed at HRD 451,506.000 (HRK 232,203.085,71) or DEM 64,501 million (EUR 33,436 million).
This article provides an overview of archival holdings and collections of the civic and military institutions of the para-state of the rebel Serbs in the Republic of Croatia in the period from 1990 ...to 1995, that is to say the archival records set up in the occupied territory of the Republic of Croatia as well as those of the JNA (Yugoslav People’s Army). At issue are the materials that were the result of the work of the “Republic of Serbian Krajina”, of its parliament, government, ministries, judicial authorities and governing bodies at the local level as well as that of the political parties and associations, the corps of the Serbian Army of Krajina and its predecessors (zone headquarters). In other words, on the basis of stored archival materials, a review of the activities of the JNA, of its transformation and role during the aggression against Croatia is provided. The contents of the archival holdings of the institutions of the “Republic of Serbian Krajina” indicate the intention of their creators and their focus on the partition of the territory of the Republic of Croatia and annexing a part to the Republic of Serbia and Yugoslavia. The materials were collected after the military-police liberating operations Bljesak and Oluja, and then transferred to the Croatian State Archive and at the end of 2005 to the Croatian Memorial-Documentation Centre of the Homeland War.
After the Croatian military operations “the Flash“ and “the Storm“ and the creation of the new geopolitical relationships, Serbian leadership became aware that the areas of Western Slavonia, Baranja ...and Eastern Syrmia would not remain under Serbian occupation. Following the defeat of the Serbian forces in Croatia and the joint military operations of the Croatian armed forces and the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which practically destroyed the Serbian armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the road towards political negotiations was opened. The matter of reintegration of the occupied areas under the jurisdiction of the UN into the state organization of the Republic of Croatia gained the new importance during the key political negotiations in late 1995. Despite the readiness of the Croatian army and the strong opposition of the Croatian public, displaced persons in particular, to the proposition that the occupied sections of the Eastern Slavonia and Vukovar, a symbol of defence and the suffering of Croatia in the Homeland War, be returned to Croatia using military force, Croatian leadership decided to negotiate with the rebellious Serbs. During the many months of negotiations between the Croatian leadership and the leadership of the rebellious Serbs, attempts were made at finding a way to peacefully resolve the issue of the remaining occupied territory. This made the signing of the Treaty on the peaceful and gradual transition of that area under the Croatian jurisdiction possible. The Croatian government and the Serb leadership signed the Basic Agreement regarding the Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (the Erdut Agreement) on November the 12th, 1995 in Erdut and in Zagreb. The Agreement allowed for the stability to return to the area which was previously destroyed in military operations, scarred by human suffering, forced migrations and general social and economic decline. It was expected that the peace process, which was started by the signing of the Basic Agreement, would be continued through the UN Security Council’s Resolution, which was supposed to confirm the mandate of the new Peace Corps and to start the enforcement of the Agreement itself. The realization of the peace agreement began with the UN Security Council’s Resolution 1037 from January the 15th, 1996.
U članku se prikazuje rad Međunarodnog suda te velikog broja evidencija i dokumenata koje je Sud prikupio. Spisi i dokumenti arhiva Međunarodnog kaznenog suda za teška kršenja međunarodnoga ...humanitarnog prava počinjena na području bivše Jugoslavije sastoje se od dokumenata u konvencionalnom i digitalnom obliku, a sadrže tisuće sati audio-video zapisa, fizičkih predmeta i više od 5 500 iskaza svjedoka, čija su svjedočenja prihvaćena kao dokazi. Problem reguliranja dostupnosti arhiva Međunarodnog suda nakon prestanka rada Suda, postavlja niz pitanja. Odsjek Ujedinjenih naroda (UN) za vođenje arhiva i dokumentacije radi na zaštiti i dostupnosti arhiva te je zadužen za nadgledanje strategije okončanja rada Međunarodnog kaznenog suda za teška kršenja međunarodnoga humanitarnoga prava počinjenog na području bivše Jugoslavije (MKSJ) za pitanje arhiva. S početkom procesa zatvaranja MKSJ, nužno se određuje i politika arhiva, odnosno način njegovog čuvanja i dostupnosti. Glavno težište stavljeno je na plan da se arhiv MKS za Jugoslaviju učini dostupnim u pravne i istraživačke svrhe. Donošenje odluka vezanih za pristup arhivu postavlja niz pitanja, tj. spadaju li određeni dokumenti u povjerljive, te smiju li se objaviti, odnosno smiju li se objaviti pod samo određenim uvjetima. Obrađena je i dokumentacija koja je nastala tužbom Hrvatske protiv Srbije za genocid pred Međunarodnim sudom pravde u Haagu.
PDF
