Summary
This paper investigates different mechanisms for real estate agents’ influence in housing search. Using residential listing data, I find descriptive evidence suggesting an important role of ...agents’ influence in the listing stage, during which agents may influence home sellers to set lower initial listing prices. To quantify the impact of this mechanism, I develop a structural model for the home seller's problem particularly in the listing stage, while accounting for other mechanisms. The estimated model shows that agents' influence in the listing stage is consequential, explaining about 60% of the difference in sales price premiums between agent‐owned and client‐owned listings.
Additional surgeries for implantable biomedical devices are inevitable to replace discharged batteries, but repeated surgeries can be a risk to patients, causing bleeding, inflammation, and ...infection. Therefore, developing self‐powered implantable devices is essential to reduce the patient's physical/psychological pain and financial burden. Although wireless communication plays a critical role in implantable biomedical devices that contain the function of data transmitting, it has never been integrated with in vivo piezoelectric self‐powered system due to its high‐level power consumption (microwatt‐scale). Here, wireless communication, which is essential for a ubiquitous healthcare system, is successfully driven with in vivo energy harvesting enabled by high‐performance single‐crystalline (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−(x)Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMN‐PZT). The PMN‐PZT energy harvester generates an open‐circuit voltage of 17.8 V and a short‐circuit current of 1.74 µA from porcine heartbeats, which are greater by a factor of 4.45 and 17.5 than those of previously reported in vivo piezoelectric energy harvesting. The energy harvester exhibits excellent biocompatibility, which implies the possibility for applying the device to biomedical applications.
In vivo self‐powered wireless transmission using a flexible single‐crystalline piezoelectric energy harvester is demonstrated. The high‐performance energy harvester generates an output voltage of 17.8 V and a current of 1.75 µA from the contraction and relaxation motion of porcine heart. The energy from in vivo physiological motion enables self‐powered wireless transmission, thus realizing practical application in the ubiquitous healthcare system.
This paper measures the effect of Napster on record sales. I treat the introduction of Napster as a technological event that only Internet users experienced, and use a difference-in-differences (DD) ...approach. Because of potential compositional changes in Internet users, I examine identifying assumptions for the DD estimator under compositional changes and develop a test for identifying restrictions. To address potential bias due to compositional changes, I extend DD matching estimators to the case of two-variate propensity scores. I find evidence suggesting that file sharing is likely to explain 20% of total sales decline, which is driven by households with children aged 6—17.
We introduce a rapid and low-temperature laser annealing process of roll-to-roll (R2R) printed metal nanoparticle (NP) ink on a polymer substrate as an alternative to the conventional thermal ...annealing process using expensive and time consuming lengthy furnace. Due to the confined heating induced by the focused laser, R2R printed Ag NP film is selectively turned into a continuous conductive film without heating the whole substrate. As a result, the damage on the underlying polymer substrate, as well as the processing time required for the annealing, is significantly reduced by the laser annealing compared to the conventional thermal annealing. The resultant laser annealed Ag NP film also exhibits superior electrical and mechanical properties in comparison to the thermal annealed sample. The laser annealed Ag NP film is further applied to the flexible supercapacitor as the current collector in order to confirm the excellence of laser annealed Ag NP film in the fabrication of practical devices.
Herein, a novel combination of Mg‐ and Ga‐co‐doped ZnO (MGZO)/Li‐doped graphene oxide (LGO) transparent electrode (TE)/electron‐transporting layer (ETL) has been applied for the first time in ...Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin‐film solar cells (TFSCs). MGZO has a wide optical spectrum with high transmittance compared to that with conventional Al‐doped ZnO (AZO), enabling additional photon harvesting, and has a low electrical resistance that increases electron collection rate. These excellent optoelectronic properties significantly improved the short‐circuit current density and fill factor of the TFSCs. Additionally, the solution‐processable alternative LGO ETL prevented plasma‐induced damage to chemical bath deposited cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer, thereby enabling the maintenance of high‐quality junctions using a thin CdS buffer layer (≈30 nm). Interfacial engineering with LGO improved the Voc of the CZTSSe TFSCs from 466 to 502 mV. Furthermore, the tunable work function obtained through Li doping generated a more favorable band offset in CdS/LGO/MGZO interfaces, thereby, improving the electron collection. The MGZO/LGO TE/ETL combination achieved a power conversion efficiency of 10.67%, which is considerably higher than that of conventional AZO/intrinsic ZnO (8.33%).
MGZO/LGO TE/ETL are combined in CZTSSe thin‐film solar cells to solve the chronicle problems of conventional Al‐doped ZnO/ZnO TE/ETL combination. The MGZO/LGO combination enables a considerably improved conversion efficiency by enhancing the electron collection rate and suppressing the open‐circuit voltage deficit.
We present a multi-sensor data fusion model based on a reconfigurable module (RM) with three fusion layers. In the data layer, raw data are refined with respect to the sensor characteristics and then ...converted into logical values. In the feature layer, a fusion tree is configured, and the values of the intermediate nodes are calculated by applying predefined logical operations, which are adjustable. In the decision layer, a final decision is made by computing the value of the root according to predetermined equations. In this way, with given threshold values or sensor characteristics for data refinement and logic expressions for feature extraction and decision making, we reconstruct an RM that performs multi-sensor fusion and is adaptable for a dedicated application. We attempted to verify its feasibility by applying the proposed RM to an actual application. Considering the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unmanned storage box was selected as our application target. Four types of sensors were used to determine the state of the door and the status of the existence of an item inside it. We implemented a prototype system that monitored the unmanned storage boxes by configuring the RM according to the proposed method. It was confirmed that a system built with only low-cost sensors can identify the states more reliably through multi-sensor data fusion.
End-user participation during the design review plays an important role in improving the quality of building products. For a long while it has been constrained by the complexity of design information ...requiring architectural expertise to be clearly understood. Recent advances in virtual reality technology, such as the HMD-based immersive virtual environment (HIVE), help end-users to understand building designs intuitively and clearly and thus involve them in the design review. However, for HIVE to be employed in end-user participation investigators first need to determine how realistically this technology can represent the physical environment. Despite the importance of the spatial perception for end-users’ feedback, there has been little evidence that HIVE allows spatial perceptions of building design comparable to those in the real world. The present study therefore aimed to investigate spatial perceptions in HIVE. We conducted surveys of affective responses, room appraisal, the sense of presence, together with reading comprehension tasks, in four different virtual environments by manipulating ceiling height and type. As a result, distinctive spatial perceptions were found in the virtual environment, reflecting variations in experimental conditions and resembling those in the real world. Thus the study contributes to our understanding of the immersive virtual environment and its potential for end-user participation during the design review.
•HMD immersive virtual environments (HIVE) were created with different spatial features.•Questionnaires were developed for investigating spatial perception in HIVE.•Distinctive spatial perceptions of ceiling height and type were found in HIVE.•Spatial perception was compared between HIVE and physical environment.
In response to DNA damage, PCNA is mono-ubiquitinated and triggers translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) by recruiting polymerase-η. However, it remained unknown how error-prone TLS is turned off after DNA ...lesion bypass to prevent mutagenesis. Here we showed that ISG15 modification (ISGylation) of PCNA plays a key role in TLS termination. Upon UV irradiation, EFP, an ISG15 E3 ligase, bound to mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and promoted its ISGylation. ISGylated PCNA then tethered USP10 for deubiquitination and in turn the release of polymerase-η from PCNA. Eventually, PCNA was deISGylated by UBP43 for reloading of replicative DNA polymerases and resuming normal DNA replication. However, ISGylation-defective Lys-to-Arg mutations in PCNA or knockdown of any of ISG15, EFP, or USP10 led to persistent recruitment of mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and polymerase-η to nuclear foci, causing an increase in mutation frequency. These findings establish a crucial role of PCNA ISGylation in termination of error-prone TLS for preventing excessive mutagenesis.
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•In response to UV, mono-ubiquitinated PCNA recruits EFP for its ISGylation•ISGylated PCNA tethers USP10 for its deubiquitination and release of polymerase-η•UBP43 eventually deISGylates PCNA for resumption of normal DNA replication•PCNA ISGylation is crucial for termination of error-prone translesion DNA synthesis
When cells are exposed to UV, PCNA is mono-ubiquitinated and triggers error-prone translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Park et al. describe that ISG15 modification of PCNA can lead to recruitment of USP10 for deubiquitination of PCNA and termination of TLS.
Network approach has been applied to a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to identify network structures of remitters and non-remitters in patients with ...first-episode psychosis (FEP) at baseline and the 6-month follow-up.
Participants (
= 252) from the Korean Early Psychosis Study (KEPS) were enrolled. They were classified as remitters or non-remitters using Andreasen's criteria. We estimated network structure with 10 symptoms (three symptoms from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, one depressive symptom, and six symptoms related to schema and rumination) as nodes using a Gaussian graphical model. Global and local network metrics were compared within and between the networks over time.
Global network metrics did not differ between the remitters and non-remitters at baseline or 6 months. However, the network structure and nodal strengths associated with positive-self and positive-others scores changed significantly in the remitters over time. Unique central symptoms for remitters and non-remitters were cognitive brooding and negative-self, respectively. The correlation stability coefficients for nodal strength were within the acceptable range.
Our findings indicate that network structure and some nodal strengths were more flexible in remitters. Negative-self could be an important target for therapeutic intervention.
Recently, light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based devices have emerged as effective and safe tools for the treatment of photoaged skin. However, few studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying ...mechanism behind the effect on photoageing of LED light. In this study, we induced photoageing of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and evaluated the ability of 590‐nm LED radiation to induce recovery from oxidative stress, restore collagen formation and regulate inflammatory changes. Photoageing was induced in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) using UVB irradiation of 50 mJ/cm2. Then, the photoaged HDFs were irradiated with LED using a custom‐built 590‐nm LED device which emits light with an intensity of 38 mW/cm2 (irradiated for 900 s with 34.2 J/cm2 of total energy). LED irradiation significantly attenuated UVB‐induced reactive oxygen species generation and UVB‐induced phosphorylation of JNK, c‐Fos and c‐Jun. In addition, the procollagen levels were recovered significantly, and MMP‐9 levels were significantly suppressed after LED irradiation. The UVB‐induced phosphorylation levels of NF‐κB and pro‐inflammatory enzyme COX‐2 also significantly decreased. Our results suggest that 590‐nm yellow light irradiation may be an effective and safe anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory treatment modality for photoaged skin.
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