From 1966 to 1968 the United States government commissioned Diné artist Fred Stevens to demonstrate sandpainting across Eurasia and Latin America, in accordance with a prevailing logic of a "balance ...of power" in international relations. Stevens's translations of ephemeral ceremonies worked against the grain, palpably connecting Diné efforts to protect Navajo Nation lands from military-industrial incursions to the acceleration of sand mining to feed a global building boom. Stevens's demonstrations and gifts serve as exemplars of earth diplomacy, a practice of engendering sensuous material exchanges to facilitate reciprocity among disparate human communities and the lands that sustain them.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary Background Mechanical chest compression devices have the potential to help maintain high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but despite their increasing use, little evidence exists ...for their effectiveness. We aimed to study whether the introduction of LUCAS-2 mechanical CPR into front-line emergency response vehicles would improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods The pre-hospital randomised assessment of a mechanical compression device in cardiac arrest (PARAMEDIC) trial was a pragmatic, cluster-randomised open-label trial including adults with non-traumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from four UK Ambulance Services (West Midlands, North East England, Wales, South Central). 91 urban and semi-urban ambulance stations were selected for participation. Clusters were ambulance service vehicles, which were randomly assigned (1:2) to LUCAS-2 or manual CPR. Patients received LUCAS-2 mechanical chest compression or manual chest compressions according to the first trial vehicle to arrive on scene. The primary outcome was survival at 30 days following cardiac arrest and was analysed by intention to treat. Ambulance dispatch staff and those collecting the primary outcome were masked to treatment allocation. Masking of the ambulance staff who delivered the interventions and reported initial response to treatment was not possible. The study is registered with Current Controlled Trials, number ISRCTN08233942. Findings We enrolled 4471 eligible patients (1652 assigned to the LUCAS-2 group, 2819 assigned to the control group) between April 15, 2010 and June 10, 2013. 985 (60%) patients in the LUCAS-2 group received mechanical chest compression, and 11 (<1%) patients in the control group received LUCAS-2. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 30 day survival was similar in the LUCAS-2 group (104 6% of 1652 patients) and in the manual CPR group (193 7% of 2819 patients; adjusted odds ratio OR 0·86, 95% CI 0·64–1·15). No serious adverse events were noted. Seven clinical adverse events were reported in the LUCAS-2 group (three patients with chest bruising, two with chest lacerations, and two with blood in mouth). 15 device incidents occurred during operational use. No adverse or serious adverse events were reported in the manual group. Interpretation We noted no evidence of improvement in 30 day survival with LUCAS-2 compared with manual compressions. On the basis of ours and other recent randomised trials, widespread adoption of mechanical CPR devices for routine use does not improve survival. Funding National Institute for Health Research HTA – 07/37/69.
Maintaining high affinity antibodies after vaccination may be important for long-lasting immunity to malaria, but data on induction and kinetics of affinity is lacking. In a Phase 1 malaria vaccine ...trial, antibody affinity increased following a second vaccination but declined substantially over 12-months, suggesting poor maintenance of high affinity antibodies.
Surveying the breadth of artistic initiatives launched in 1992, I am confronted by the dark side of the global. However much Native American artists’ contemporaneous insights anticipated unfolding ...debates about the ecological toll of “crisis globalization,” they were read within the then-dominant framework of .identity politics. Debates about globalization continue to shift before the terrifying data on climate change. A growing contingent of the contemporary art world is busy visualizing and theorizing an epoch of human culpability termed the “Anthropocene.” Existing genealogical accounts of contemporary art and ecology have only tentatively engaged the cultural dimensions of Native struggles for justice in the context of settler colonialism. Notably neglected are Indigenous North American practices that predate the 2000s. There are many potential explanations for this lacuna, some of which are addressed in greater detail in this essay. The map of climate-related suffering and other environmental injustices follows the well-worn grooves of European colonization. Notwithstanding the urgency of these concerns, I see the framework of contemporary art and ecology as malleable and on the move.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
A vaccine would greatly accelerate current global efforts toward malaria elimination. While a partially efficacious vaccine has been achieved for Plasmodium falciparum, a major bottleneck in ...developing highly efficacious vaccines is a lack of reliable correlates of protection, and the limited application of assays that quantify functional immune responses to evaluate and down-select vaccine candidates in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials.
In this review, we describe the important role of antibodies in immunity against malaria and detail the nature and functional activities of antibodies against the malaria-causing parasite. We highlight the growing understanding of antibody effector functions against malaria and in vitro assays to measure these functional antibody responses. We discuss the application of these assays to quantify antibody functions in vaccine development and evaluation.
It is becoming increasingly clear that multiple antibody effector functions are involved in immunity to malaria. Therefore, we propose that evaluating vaccine candidates needs to move beyond individual assays or measuring IgG magnitude alone. Instead, vaccine evaluation should incorporate the full breadth of antibody response types and harness a wider range of assays measuring functional antibody responses. We propose a 3-tier approach to implementing assays to inform vaccine evaluation.
This essay examines sixty-one extant posters that were hand-painted by students at the Studio School of the Santa Fe Indian School and sent to Paris to advertise an exhibition of their artwork, Art ...peau-rouge d’aujourd’hui (Redskin Art Today), at the Musée d’Ethnographie du Trocadéro in 1935. A collaboration between the students and Paul Coze, a French hobbyist and self-trained ethnographer, the commission was a dynamic component of a transatlantic assemblage that included Native objects and performers in Paris. Framed by printed French text, the figures that populated the posters engaged playfully with the city’s streets, museums, and stages, demonstrating the mutual porousness of graphic and performing arts. I show that although the students could not travel in the flesh, they claimed a space for Indigenous cultural values and experiences of modernity in the French capital.
Enteroviruses (EVs) are prime candidate environmental triggers of islet autoimmunity (IA), with potential as vaccine targets for type 1 diabetes prevention. However, the use of targeted virus ...detection methods and the selective focus on EVs by most studies increases the risk for substantial investigation bias and an overestimated association between EV and type 1 diabetes. Here we performed comprehensive virome-capture sequencing to examine all known vertebrate-infecting viruses without bias in 182 specimens (faeces and plasma) collected before or at seroconversion from 45 case children with IA and 48 matched controls. From >2.6 billion reads, 28 genera of viruses were detected and 62% of children (58/93) were positive for ≥1 vertebrate-infecting virus. We identified 129 viruses as differentially abundant between the gut of cases and controls, including 5 EV-A types significantly more abundant in the cases. Our findings further support EV's hypothesised contribution to IA and corroborate the proposal that viral load may be an important parameter in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, our data indicate a previously unrecognised association of IA with higher EV-A abundance in the gut of children and provide a catalog of viruses to be interrogated further to determine a causal link between virus infection and type 1 diabetes.
In April 1916, 'The Age' ran a short story headed 'Aborigines in camp: Others willing to fight', announcing the presence of two 'full-blooded sic natives' among the soldiers at the Ballarat training ...camp.1 The men's presence blatantly contradicted popular interpretations of the 'Defence Act 1909' (Cth). Only men of 'substantial European origin' were eligible to enlist in the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF), although, in May 1917, the regulations were modified allowing 'half-caste' Aboriginal men entry. The Aboriginal men volunteering to fight in April 1916 were James Arden and Richard King, Gunditjmara men from the Lake Condah Aboriginal Reserve in the Victorian Western District. In the Condah area there was already an acceptance of Aboriginal men's participation in sport and labour; during the First World War, this extended to military service. The men's 'splendid physique' may have justified their acceptance into the military. James Arden was a 'well known rough rider' and Richard King had 'claimed distinction as a footballer and all-round athlete'. The journalist portrayed the spectacle of the Aboriginal men at the Ballarat training camp to promote white men's enlistment. Articles announcing Indigenous enlistments were published across south-eastern Australia during the 1916 and 1917 recruitment drives.
This essay reconsiders the legacy of Ojibwa travellers who performed tableaux vivants or 'living pictures' alongside George Catlin's Indian Gallery in Paris, 1845-46, many of whom died of smallpox ...before returning home. Contemporary Saulteaux artist Robert Houle's architectural installation, Paris/Ojibwa, first exhibited at the Canadian Cultural Center in Paris in 2010, features a stage set peopled by paintings of the deceased travellers. Paris/Ojibwa invites us to see how tableaux vivants incorporated an Ojibwa understanding of the potential liveliness of images and objects. When wedded to complex indigenous notions of personhood, tableaux vivants reversed the ambitions of nineteenth-century ethnography: instead of turning living Natives into static images, they reanimated pictures. Inviting audiences to participate in an indigenous view of a shared modernity, Paris/Ojibwa restores sociability to the archive of Ojibwa representations and models transcultural materialism inside Western institutions.
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