Stimuli Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems have become a promising approach in the field of drug delivery and contributed by use of polymers which are able to deliver drug in response to change in ...surrounding environmentsuch change in temperature, pH, ionic strength, enzymes or biomolecules. Ocular drug delivery often encounters the problems of low instillation quantity of medicament and also poor residence of drug in the ocular region which decreases the efficiency of the treatment. An ineffective antibacterial treatment would lead to bigger problems like resistance. Hence the current study was undertaken to formulate Ion-sensitive in-situ ophthalmic gelling solution of Tobramycin using Sodium alginate as ion sensitive polymer. The batches were prepared by using 32 factorial designwhere sodium alginate and HPMC K4M were selected as independent variables. The evaluation of various dependent parameters like clarity, viscosity, mucoadhesion and in vitro release was done. The formulations were ensured to be sterileand isotonic. The in-situ gelation occurred when the formulation came in contact with tear fluid with good mucoadhesion and gel strength. The Tobramycin drug release study showed release over a period of more than two hours. In vivoeye irritation test was done on white rabbits.
Nevirapine-loaded solid lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) were manufactured using lipid and emulsifying agent by hot homogenization method. The goal of research was to formulating a SLN system to target the ...HIV reservoir which is mostly found in the lymphatic system and to conquer the obstacle of drug itself. Also, nearly 50% of antiviral drugs fall within BCS class 2, which have low solubility. 44% antiviral drugs belongs to BCS class 3 have inadequate permeability and 6% belongs to class 4 with inadequate solubility and inadequate permeability. Depending on the NVP solubility and stable formulation, stearic acid as a lipid and poloxamer 188 and tween 80 as an emulsifying agent were chosen and SLNs were manufactured with the help of hot homogenization method. Optimization of independent variables such as lipid concentration, emulsifying agent concentration and no. homogenization cycle was carried. The effect of independent variables on the dependent variables i.e. particle size and entrapment efficiency was studied. Optimized formulation which was lyophilized (L-SLN) and this L-SLN additionally characterized using DSC, SEM and XRD analysis. Also, in-vitro drug release of optimized batch studied in 0.04 M Sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8 containing 2% SLS, demonstrated 41.83% release at the end of 24th hr. Absence of low intensity in XRD indicated the presence of amorphous SLNs. SEM showed the morphology of SLNs. No prominent changes observed in the accelerated stability studies.
Introduction: Spherical particles with nonpolar neutral lipids at the center and more polar amphipathic lipids at their surface are called Lipoproteins. HDL aids in cholesterol homeostasis by ...removing it from cells by several different mechanisms. The results of HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C) should be accurate and reliable, especially for the patients with borderline values, where the variation resulting from the methodology used may interfere with the interpretation of clinical scenario by the doctors. Aim: To compare the results of HDL values obtained by using three different technical methods. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using 30 serum samples from the Biochemistry laboratory of KLE Society’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India for HDL values, each for the three different technical methods (fullyautomated, semi-automated and manual method). The data obtained was analysed statistically by computing descriptive statistics the mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Results: Results of serum samples analysed for HDL-C values ranged from 31-79 mg/dl (mean 43.1) in fully-automated analyser, 28.06 to 75.18 (mean 39.6) in semi-automated and 27.06 to 62.7mg/dl (mean 39.7) using manual method. There was significant difference in the mean values of HDL-C values obtained using the three different methods and positive correlation was established on comparing semi-automated and manual method (Semi-automated v/s manual method, r=0.827) and found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: As HDL estimation is routinely done in many of the clinical laboratories, a sound knowledge of the HDL values obtained using different techniques can help the clinicians while ordering for the test and also for diagnosing & monitoring of the cases with various lipid abnormalities.
The aim of this research was to develop different ophthalmic gels of gatifloxacin using mucoadhesive polymers. To improve intraocular delivery of topically applied drugs such as gatifloxacin, gel ...formulations were prepared since solutions have a shorter ocular residence time because of tear turnover. A 3(2) factorial design was used to investigate the combined effect of two independent formulation variables in the preparation of the gels. Nine batches were prepared as per experimental design and evaluated for gelation temperature, gel strength, bioadhesion, viscosity, permeation, and antimicrobial efficacy. A surface plot was also created to graphically represent the effect of the independent variables on the evaluation parameters. Drug polymer compatibility was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared gels were observed to have a satisfactory gelation temperature, gel strength, and bioadhesion. Rheological study of the formulations indicated that gels exhibited pseudoplastic rheology. A modified device was used to evaluate drug permeation through a sheep's corneal membrane. In vitro permeation studies showed that a Peppas model was the best-fit model. Antimicrobial studies also indicated efficacy comparable to that of a marketed formulation. This systematic approach to formulation design should help in investigating the effect of variables in formulation processing.
Introduction: Spherical particles with nonpolar neutral lipids at the center and more polar amphipathic lipids at their surface are called Lipoproteins. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) aids in ...cholesterol homeostasis by removing it from cells by several different mechanisms. The results of HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C) should be accurate and reliable, especially for the patients with borderline values, where the variation resulting from the methodology used may interfere with the interpretation of clinical scenario by the doctors. Aim: To compare the results of HDL values obtained by using three different technical methods. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using 30 serum samples from the Biochemistry laboratory of KLE Society’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India for HDL values, each for the three different technical methods (fully-automated, semi-automated and manual method). The data obtained was analysed statistically by computing descriptive statistics the mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Results: Results of serum samples analysed for HDL-C values ranged from 31-79 mg/dL (mean 43.1) in fully-automated analyser, 28.06-75.18 (mean 39.6) in semi-automated and 27.06-62.7 mg/dL (mean 39.7) using manual method. There was significant difference in the mean values of HDL-C values obtained using the three different methods and positive correlation was established on comparing semi-automated and manual method (Semi-automated v/s manual method, r=0.827) and found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: As HDL estimation is routinely done in many of the clinical laboratories, a sound knowledge of the HDL values obtained using different techniques can help the clinicians while ordering for the test and also for diagnosing and monitoring of the cases with various lipid abnormalities.
The aim of the present work was to prepare and evaluate sustained release liquisolid compact formulations of tramadol hydrochloride. The dissolution profile of the prepared compacts was also compared ...to that of a marketed preparation. Liquisolid sustained release formulations were prepared by using HPMC K4M as a sustained release agent. Precompression studies of characteristics such as flow properties were also carried out. Liquisolid compacts were evaluated by hardness, friability, and in vitro dissolution studies. Comparison of dissolution profiles was carried out by using a modelindependent, model-dependent, and statistical approach. The prepared liquisolid compacts are new dosage forms with better sustained release behavior compared to a marketed sustained formulation. The dissolution profile followed the Peppas model as "best fit" model. Two-way ANOVA results revealed a significant difference in dissolution profiles. This systematic approach to producing a formulation was found to help with analyzing the sustained release of tramadol hydrochloride. The use and evaluation of model-dependent methods is more complicated. These methods provide an acceptable model approach that indicates the true relationship between percent drug release and time variables, including statistical assumptions.
The purpose of this research was to study mucoadhesive microspheres of tramadol hydrochloride compressed into tablet along with a loading dose. Microspheres containing tramadol hydrochloride were ...prepared by employing sodium alginate in combination with a mucoadhesive polymer, i.e., Carbopol 971P. An orifice-ionic gelation method was used to prepare the microspheres. A 3(2) factorial design was used to investigate the combined effect of two independent formulation variables in the preparation of microspheres. The concentration of sodium alginate (X(1)) and carbopol 971P (X(2)) were selected as independent variables. Nine batches were used in the experimental design and evaluated for swelling index, mucoadhesion, and drug entrapment efficiency. A surface plot is presented to graphically represent the effect of the independent variables on the evaluation parameters. The best batch exhibited drug entrapment efficiency of 70.12%, swelling index of 2.3 and mucoadhesion of 95.42%. Microspheres showing maximum drug entrapment were compressed with the loading dose and subjected to in vitro dissolution studies. Drug release from tablets was found to follow a matrix model. Initial burst release from these tablets indicated the release of the loading dose and then a sustained effect over the time. This modified approach to formulation of tablets was found to be effective in sustaining drug release.
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