Satureja avromanica
is an indigenous plant which is frequently used as a spice in Avraman-Kurdistan region of Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antimicrobial and ...antioxidant properties of the
S. avromanica
. In addition, rosmarinic acid and total phenolic content of
S. avromanica
was assessed by spectrophotometric method and HPTLC. The essential oil and methanolic extract were isolated by hydrodistillation and maceration methods, respectively. A total of 32 compounds representing 98.6% of the essential oil were identified by GC–MS and GC–FID. The main constituents were
n
-pentacosane (23.8%), spathulenol (11.5%), β-bourbonen (11.3%) and
n
-docosane (11.0%). The antibacterial activity of samples were carried out by disc diffusion method and evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) essential oil and methanolic extract were found to be effective against
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Bacillus cereus
and
Bacillus pumilus
. The highest scavenging activity was found for methanolic extract of
S. avromanica
(21.58 µg/mL) and the total phenolics of methanolic extract of
S. avromanica
was 95.3 mg GAE/g. The rosmarinic acid content of
S. avromanica
methanolic extract was 0.83 mg/g plant. Antioxidant activity and rosmarininc acid content of
S. avromanica
suggests that the essential oil and methanolic extract of
S. avromanica
has great potential for application as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent to preserve food.
subsp.
is an important food source and a well-known medicinal plant in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of
extract and essential oil in ...streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Different doses of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of
subsp.
(50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were given to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in separate groups for three weeks. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected; then, oxidative stress markers, TNF-α, and lipid profile were determined in its serum samples.
Our findings showed that the administration of
extract for three consecutive weeks significantly improved the lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation process by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing total antioxidant capacity.
This study showed that
subsp.
has antioxidant and blood lipid-lowering effects that can be used as a supplement to improve diabetes complications.
Geometric design of forest roads and design of their landscapes can reduce noise pollution and its harmful effects on human health. We investigated the effects of technical and biological parameters ...such as geometric road design and various roadside tree stands on reducing noise pollution according to the tree density and distance from roadway in Darabkola Forests, Sari, Iran. We recorded the noise generated by a car （Land Rover） relative to changes in longitudinal slope, horizontal curve radius and type of road pavement. We also measured noise levels according to roadside tree density and stand type （coniferous and hardwood） in 40 rectangular plots of three widths （25, 100 and 300 m） and 50 m length that were randomly demar- cated along forest roads. The changes in noise level were recorded using a decibel meter with an accuracy of q-1.5 dB and resolution of 0.1 dB. Noise levels were higher alongside unpaved roads than alongside paved roads. There was an inverse relationship between the measured noise level and horizontal curve radius. The rate of noise level on horizontal curve with a radius less than 30, 30-45 m and more than 45 m were 64.8, 70.8 and 75.9 dB, respectively. The noise level increased with the increasing longitudinal slope of the road. There was a significant difference between the noise level on slopes less than 3 % （67 dB） and 3-8 % （71.2 dB） in comparison with slopes greater than 8 % （77.8 dB）, （p 〈 0.05）. Pinus brutia L. reduced the noise level more （about 6 dB） in stands of 1/3 density of mixed hardwoods within 25 m from middle of the road. Careful design of geometric properties of forest roads as well as planting coniferous trees with hardwoods is a suitable solution for reducing noise pollution.
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