Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are gaining numerous attention since polarization detection is important in geological remote sensing, atmospheric monitoring, military recon, and medical ...examination. Among various reported photoactive materials for photodetectors, metal halide perovskites have outstanding advantages such as tunable band gaps, excellent optoelectronic properties, and easy fabrication. Moreover, the characteristics of crystal structure anisotropy and controllable growth orientation of perovskite crystals endow the perovskite photodetector with the ability to identify light polarization states. This review outlines the recent research progress of perovskite photodetectors on polarization‐sensitive detection. Firstly, key device parameters of polarization‐sensitive detection are introduced. Then, the recent progress of polarization‐sensitive perovskite detectors in the field of linear and circular polarization is reviewed according to the different principles of polarization response. Finally, the challenges of polarization‐sensitive perovskite photodetector are discussed.
Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are important in geological remote sensing, atmospheric monitoring, military recon, and medical examination. The review addresses the recent research progress of perovskite photodetectors on polarization‐sensitive detection in terms of key device parameters, linear and circular polarization via different principles of polarization response.
Both the uncoordinated Pb2+ and excess PbI2 in perovskite film will create defects and perturb carrier collection, thus leading to the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss and inducing rapid performance ...degradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an additive of 3‐aminothiophene‐2‐carboxamide (3‐AzTca) that contains amide and amino and features a large molecular size is introduced to improve the quality of perovskite film. The interplay of size effect and adequate bonding strength between 3‐AzTca and uncoordinated Pb2+ regulates the mineralization of PbI2 and generates low‐dimensional PbI2 phase, thereby boosting the crystallization of perovskite. The decreased defect states result in suppressed nonradiative recombination and reduced VOC loss. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of modified PSC is improved to 22.79% with a high VOC of 1.22 V. Moreover, the decomposition of PbI2 and perovskite films is also retarded, yielding enhanced device stability. This study provides an effective method to minimize the concentration of uncoordinated Pb2+ and improve the PCE and stability of PSCs.
The introduction of 3‐AzTca regulates the mineralization of PbI2 and perovskite by strengthening the metallic Pb frame, thereby reducing the defects and improving the environmental stability of PbI2 and perovskite film. The champion perovskite solar cell achieves a low voltage deficit of 0.37 V, an efficiency of 22.79%, and enhanced stability.
Heating is a knotty factor contributing to device degradation of flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs), and thermal regulation plays a crucial role in the realization of long operational lifetime. ...Herein, a passive cooling strategy for stable FOSCs is proposed by boosting the optical‐thermal radiative transfer to reduce the insufficient thermal dissipation and the elevated temperature caused by irradiation‐induced heating, while retaining their flexibility and portability. A spectrally selective coupling structure consisting of subwavelength hemisphere pattern and distributed Bragg reflector is integrated into FOSCs to collectively enhance out‐coupling of infrared radiation and limit near‐infrared absorption‐induced heat generation, leading to a reduced heat power intensity of 292.5 W cm−2 and the decreased working temperature by 9.6 °C under outdoor sunlight irradiation. The D18:Y6:PC71BM‐based FOSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 17% with a prolonged T80 lifetime as long as one year under real outdoor working conditions. These results represent a new opportunity for enhancing the operational stability of FOSCs.
A spectrally selective coupling structure is integrated into flexible organic solar cells to boost the optical‐thermal radiative transfer in infrared region. The optimized device with efficiency over 17% obtains a 9.6 °C decrease in working temperature under outdoor sunlight irradiation, which prolongs T80 lifetime by over 3 times to as long as one year.
Using narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) can broaden the absorption spectrum of organic solar cells (OSCs) to the near‐infrared region. However, the simultaneously decreased extinction ...coefficient of the active layer at the blue region results in inevitable light escaping and energy loss. Herein, a blazed grating‐based device configuration consisting of a patterned rear electrode is employed to compensate for the low absorption of nonfullerene OSCs. Experimental results reveal that the normal incidence light, especially blue light, that bounces off the patterned rear electrode is concentrated in a large tilted angle and subsequently trapped in waveguide mode. Along with the excitation of surface plasmon polariton, the structured nonfullerene OSCs using a new‐designed PM6:M36 active layer obtain the broadband absorption enhancement with 1.5 times increase at the blue region. The optimized device achieves an 8.95% increase in photocurrent and a champion power conversion efficiency of approaching 18%, which is the highest reported value among all the devices based on A‐D‐A type NFAs.
An effective light‐deflecting pattern is introduced to nonfullerene organic solar cells to improve energy conversion efficiency in the blue region. The normal incidence light is guided into a cavity‐like chamber and mostly captured by the active layer, resulting in broadband absorption enhancement. The optimized device based on all A‐D‐A type nonfullerene acceptors achieves the highest reported efficiency of approaching 18%.
All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the most attractive research fields in recent years due to their excellent thermal stability and light stability as compared with their ...organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, there is still a long way to go for their commercial application due to their low efficiency and poor stability under humidity conditions. Herein, an overview of the recent progress of all-inorganic PSCs based on interface engineering is provided. The main roles of interface engineering, adjusting energy-level alignment, enhancing charge transport capacity, passivating interface defects, modulating morphology of perovskite films, stabilizing perovskite phase, broadening spectral absorption, eliminating electrical hysteresis and enhancing operational stability, are summarized with examples, which paves the way for highly efficient and stable all-inorganic PSCs. Some of the latest progress in incorporating dopants to charge transport materials and modifying interface properties in all-inorganic PSCs are also covered.
This review focuses on the application of interface engineering strategies in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Converting non‐visual light into photocurrent while maintaining high visual transparency is vital for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) application, yet often challenging over ...insufficient invisible light‐harvesting. Herein, spectrally selective optical manipulation for ST‐OSCs with high visual light transparency and full‐spectral non‐visual light reflection is proposed by matching the optical admittance of ultrathin Ag films using ZnS and MgF2. The reflection of optically enhanced ST‐OSCs at the spectral region beyond the human eye's response spectrum is improved and the transmission in the visual region is simultaneously enhanced. By further integrating an anti‐reflective structure, the optimal structure boosts the average visible transmittance and power conversion efficiency of ST‐OSCs to 44.3% and 12.6%, respectively, yielding a record light utilization efficiency of 5.6%. Corresponding flexible ST‐OSCs with high mechanical stability implies that this work provides a facile and universal strategy for ST‐OSCs aiming at building integrated photovoltaics.
Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) are constructed with spectrally selective transparent electrodes for high transparency in visual regions and strong light harvesting beyond the human eye's response spectrum. The optical admittance matching induces the ST‐OSCs to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 12.6%, an average visible transmittance of 44.3%, and a record high light utilization efficiency of 5.6%.
Photodiode‐type solar‐blind photodetectors (SBPDs) with the self‐powered feature hold great promise for applications in unattended secure communication, flame detection, and missile warning. However, ...the responsivity of SBPDs is usually limited due to the severe solar‐blind (SB) light extinction in substrates and charge transport layers. Herein, a spectrally selective hole extraction structure (SHE) is proposed for high‐efficiency perovskite SBPDs. The SHE consisting of a tandem Fabry–Perot cavity and energy‐level‐matched hole transport layer endows the device with narrowband absorption in the SB region and optimized charge extraction capability from the CsPbI2Br perovskite. The optimized SHE exhibits a peak transmittance of 27% at 255 nm and a half maximum at full width of 28 nm. Under SB light illumination, the champion device achieves a responsivity of 56.20 mA W−1 and a detectivity (D*) of 2.86 × 1013 Jones, which are the record values among the reported results. The approach demonstrated here paves the way for the optical and electrical design of perovskite photodetectors with spectrally selective detection.
The proposed spectrally selective hole extraction structure consisting of a tandem Fabry–Perot cavity‐based anode enables the selective absorption of solar‐blind light and efficient charge extraction for the self‐powered perovskite solar‐blind photodetector with record responsivity and detectivity.
Semitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) hold great promise for applications ranging from building‐integrated photovoltaics to portable electronic devices, yet often challenging over the ...realization of color tunability. The structural colors generated by microcavity, subwavelength grating, or photonic crystals are highly dependent on the viewing angle, which limits the application of STOSCs in real scenarios. Herein, the spectrally selective substrates consisting of silica spheres‐based amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) are proposed to unify the optical spectra of STOSCs at different viewing angles. By optimizing the periodicity of APCs, STOSCs exhibit viewing‐angle‐independent reflection with colors varying from blue to pink. The synergetic interplay between the reflection of APCs and the absorption of active layer results in the Janus optical effect that the transmitted light is fixed at blue regardless of the reflected color. The STOSCs on flexible plastic retain the stable color even at bending state. These results pave the way for the potential application of colorful solar photovoltaic glass curtains.
Amorphous silica sphere arrays endow semitransparent organic solar cells with tunable spectrally selectivity. Utilizing the rationally designed device structure, the interplay between the reflection of silica sphere arrays and the absorption of active layer enables semitransparent organic solar cells to have viewing‐angle‐independent Janus structural color, highlighting the application potential of semitransparent organic solar cells in solar photovoltaic glass curtains.
•Lateral charge collection range of silver nanowires are clarified via microscopic photocurrent images.•Doping LiTFSI in ZnO improves carrier mobility and energy level alignment with AgNWs.•Flexible ...organic solar cells achieve an efficiency of 18.0%.
Although the transparency and sheet resistance of silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are comparable to those of rigid indium-tin-oxide electrodes, flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) are still less efficient than their rigid counterparts. Herein, by recording the microscopic photocurrent images of AgNW-based FOSCs in operation, it has been revealed that the limited lateral charge collection range of AgNW leads to inevitable electrical energy loss. The regulation of carrier mobility and energy level of adjacent ZnO electron transport layer increases the effective collection range of AgNWs by 1.8 times and uniform the electrical potential distribution in FOSCs. The D18:Y6:PC71BM-based FOSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of approaching 18%. Moreover, the performance drop of large-area FOSCs is significantly reduced due to the improved charge collection on large area scale. This work provides an intuitive insight into the electrical energy loss mechanism of AgNW electrodes and demonstrates an electric field regulation strategy in FOSCs.
All-inorganic perovskite cesium lead iodide/bromide (CsPbI2Br) is considered as a robust absorber for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its excellent thermal stability that guarantees its ...long-term operation stability. Efficient CsPbI2Br PSCs are available when obtaining low energy loss, which needs efficient charge generation, less charge recombination, and balanced charge extraction. However, numerous traps in perovskites hinder the photon–electron conversion process. Herein, hierarchical manipulation of charge recombination is proposed for CsPbI2Br PSCs featuring low energy loss. Nonselective trap reduction and selective halogen vacancy passivation are performed using 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethylamine and phenylbutylammonium iodide for the bottom and top contacts, respectively. Because of all-around suppressed charge recombination, balanced charge extraction and suppressed hysteresis are realized. The champion PSC achieves an open-circuit voltage of 1.30 eV, a fill factor of 80.2%, and a power conversion efficiency of 16.6% that is 28.6% higher than that of the reference device. Moreover, the thermostability of PSCs is simultaneously enhanced because of the limited defect-assisted degradation.
