Dual-ion battery (DIB) composed of graphite cathode and lithium anode is regarded as an advanced secondary battery because of the low cost, high working voltage and environmental friendliness. ...However, DIB operated at high potential (usually ≥ 4.5 V versus Li+/Li) is confronted with severe challenges including electrolyte decomposition on cathode interface, and structural deterioration of graphite accompanying with anions de-/intercalation, hinder its cyclic life. To address those drawbacks and preserve the DIB virtues, a feasible and scalable surface modification is achieved for the commercial graphite cathode of mesocarbon microbead. In/ex-situ studies reveal that, such an interfacial engineering facilitates and reconstructs the formation of chemically stable cathode electrolyte interphase with better flexibility alleviating the decomposition of electrolyte, regulating the anions de-/intercalation behavior in graphite with the retainment of structural integrity and without exerting considerable influence on kinetics of anions diffusion. As a result, the modified mesocarbon microbead exhibits a much-extended cycle life with high capacity retention of 82.3% even after 1000 cycles. This study demonstrates that the interface modification of electrode and coating skeleton play important roles on DIB performance improvement, providing the feasible basis for practical application of DIB owing to the green and scalable coating procedures
A feasible surface coating on graphite cathode of dual-ion battery has been constructed to adjust the features of CEI on graphite with better cycling life. More ordered anions de-/intercalation behavior has also been confirmed through in-situ XRD. Display omitted
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With the increasing popularity of new energy electric vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been growing rapidly, which will produce a large number of spent LIBs. ...Therefore, recycling of spent LIBs has become an urgent task to be solved, otherwise it will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution. Herein, a unique recycling strategy is proposed to achieve the concurrent reuse of cathode and anode in the spent graphite/LiFePO4 batteries. Along with such recycling process, a unique cathode composed of recycled LFP/graphite (RLFPG) with cation/anion-co-storage ability is designed for new-type dual-ion battery (DIB). As a result, the recycle-derived DIB of Li/RLFPG is established with good electrochemical performance, such as an initial discharge capacity of 117.4 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1 and 78% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 100 mA g−1. The working mechanism of Li/RLFPG DIB is also revealed via in situ X-ray diffraction and electrode kinetics studies. This work not only presents a far-reaching significance for large-scale recycling of spent LIBs in the future, but also proposed a sustainable and economical method to design new-type secondary batteries as recycling of spent LIBs.
An advanced tempura-like carbon/carbon composite featuring robust encapsulation structure and effective S doping is prepared via a facile process, exhibiting impressive K-storage properties. ...Moreover, K-storage mechanism and reasons of performance improvement are also confirmed.
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•An advanced carbon/carbon composite with tempura-like morphology is prepared successfully.•Impressive K-storage properties include excellent rate capability and long cycle life.•The K-storage mechanism is revealed by a series of measurements and analyses.•Electrochemical kinetics, capacitive contribution, and DFT calculation are investigated.
Graphite as a promising anode candidate of K-ion batteries (KIBs) has been increasingly studied currently, but corresponding rate performance and cycling stability are usually inferior to amorphous carbon materials. To protect the layer structure and further boost performance, tempura-like carbon/carbon nanocomposite of graphite@pitch-derived S-doped carbon (G@PSC) is designed and prepared by a facile and low-temperature modified molten salt method. This robust encapsulation structure makes their respective advantages complementary to each other, showing mutual promotion of electrochemical performances caused by synergy effect. As a result, the G@PSC electrode is applied in KIBs, delivering impressive rate capabilities (465, 408, 370, 332, 290, and 227 mA h g−1 at 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 A g−1) and ultralong cyclic stability (163 mA g−1 remaining even after 8000 cycles at 2 A g−1). On basis of ex-situ studies, the sectionalized K-storage mechanism with adsorption (pseudocapacitance caused by S doping)-intercalation (pitch-derived carbon and graphite) pattern is revealed. Moreover, the exact insights into remarkable rate performances are taken by electrochemical kinetics tests and density functional theory calculation. In a word, this study adopts a facile method to synthesize high-performance carbon/carbon nanocomposite and is of practical significance for development of carbonaceous anode in KIBs.
The traditional methods of preparing cathode materials usually require long time consuming and high temperature annealing, which consume a lot of material and financial resources. Herein, we report ...an ultrafast self-propagating combustion process to prepare a sponge-like NaFe2PO4(SO4)2@reduced graphene oxide (NFPS@rGO) material with favorable surface characteristics. This product is successfully prepared in a short time and is well coated with reduced graphene oxide due to its loose porous surface structure. Benefiting from the carbon coating, NFPS@rGO demonstrates an enhanced rate and cyclic performance than that of the pristine NFPS. The discharge specific capacity of NFPS@rGO still retains 43.4 mA h g−1 at a high current density of 500 mA g−1. After 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1, the capacity retention of NFPS@rGO is 83.3%, which is also higher than NFPS by 34.7%. In addition, the fabricated hard carbon‖NFPS@rGO full-cell exhibits a favorable rate and cyclic performance. This study provides meaningful guidance for the modification of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and promotes its practical possibility.
Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) have attracted great research interests owing to the co‐utilization of cation and anion as charge carriers. Unlike the low energy density (Eden) of supercapacitors and ...halogen‐ion batteries also with anion working, graphite‐cathode‐based DIBs exhibit obviously higher Eden with high working voltage. However, general electrolytes cannot satisfy the high‐energy demand for Na‐based DIBs with high power density. Herein, we design an effective electrolyte with optimized performance to limit the occurrence of side reactions during cycling, improving the cycling stability and Eden of Na‐based DIBs. Such electrolyte‐modified Na‐DIBs exhibit higher discharge plateau and specific capacity compared to the pristine batteries, contribute preeminent Eden of 370.4 Wh/kg at a high‐power density of 8888.4 W/kg (2.0 A/g), and deliver higher capacity retention of 72 % after 1000 cycles under 40 °C (1.0 A/g). All of these improvements are attributed to the interphase protection of anode/cathode by modified electrolyte, and the increase of diffusion ability under high potential. This strategy not only provides reference significance for enhancing the performance of DIBs, but also promotes the development of DIBs with high‐power/energy and long‐term cycle working condition.
It's all about the electrolyte: In this work, a new modified electrolyte is used for Na‐based dual‐ion battery (Na‐DIB). This modified Na‐DIB shows outstanding electrochemical performance, especially high power/energy density and long‐cycling stability. This modification technique paves the way for the design of Na‐DIB electrolytes and promotes the application of Na‐DIB.
Background and purpose: The C–C chemokine receptor CCR5, and the C–X–C chemokine receptor CXCR3 are involved in the regulation of T cell‐mediated immune responses, and in the migration and ...activation of these cells. To determine whether blockade of these chemokine receptors modulated inflammatory responses in the central nervous sytem (CNS), we investigated the effect of a non‐peptide chemokine receptor antagonist, TAK‐779, in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Experimental approach: EAE was induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55. TAK‐779 was injected s.c. once a day after immunization. Disease incidence and severity (over 3 weeks) were monitored by histopathological evaluation and FACS assay of inflammatory cells infiltrating into the spinal cord, polymerase chain reaction quantification of mRNA expression, assay of T cell proliferation, by 3H‐thymidine incorporation and cytokine production by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.
Key results: Treatment with TAK‐779 reduced incidence and severity of EAE. It strongly inhibited migration of CXCR3/CCR5 bearing CD4+, CD8+ and CD11b+ leukocytes to the CNS. TAK‐779 did not reduce proliferation of anti‐MOG T cells, the production of IFN‐γ by T cells or CXCR3 expression on T cells. In addition, TAK‐779 did not affect production of IL‐12 by antigen‐presenting cells, CCR5 induction on T cells and the potential of MOG‐specific T cells to transfer EAE.
Conclusions and implications: TAK‐779 restricted the development of MOG‐induced EAE. This effect involved reduced migration of inflammatory cells into the CNS without affecting responses of anti‐MOG T cells or the ability of MOG‐specific T cells to transfer EAE.
The traditional methods of preparing cathode materials usually require long time consuming and high temperature annealing, which consume a lot of material and financial resources. Herein, we report ...an ultrafast self-propagating combustion process to prepare a sponge-like NaFe
2
PO
4
(SO
4
)
2
@reduced graphene oxide (NFPS@rGO) material with favorable surface characteristics. This product is successfully prepared in a short time and is well coated with reduced graphene oxide due to its loose porous surface structure. Benefiting from the carbon coating, NFPS@rGO demonstrates an enhanced rate and cyclic performance than that of the pristine NFPS. The discharge specific capacity of NFPS@rGO still retains 43.4 mA h g
−1
at a high current density of 500 mA g
−1
. After 100 cycles at 50 mA g
−1
, the capacity retention of NFPS@rGO is 83.3%, which is also higher than NFPS by 34.7%. In addition, the fabricated hard carbon|NFPS@rGO full-cell exhibits a favorable rate and cyclic performance. This study provides meaningful guidance for the modification of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and promotes its practical possibility.
Sponge-like NaFe
2
PO
4
(SO
4
)
2
@reduced graphene oxide composite is prepared as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. The corresponding full cells matched with hard carbon anode exhibit favorable rate and cyclic performance.
The traditional methods of preparing cathode materials usually require long time consuming and high temperature annealing, which consume a lot of material and financial resources. Herein, we report ...an ultrafast self-propagating combustion process to prepare a sponge-like NaFe 2 PO 4 (SO 4 ) 2 @reduced graphene oxide (NFPS@rGO) material with favorable surface characteristics. This product is successfully prepared in a short time and is well coated with reduced graphene oxide due to its loose porous surface structure. Benefiting from the carbon coating, NFPS@rGO demonstrates an enhanced rate and cyclic performance than that of the pristine NFPS. The discharge specific capacity of NFPS@rGO still retains 43.4 mA h g −1 at a high current density of 500 mA g −1 . After 100 cycles at 50 mA g −1 , the capacity retention of NFPS@rGO is 83.3%, which is also higher than NFPS by 34.7%. In addition, the fabricated hard carbon‖NFPS@rGO full-cell exhibits a favorable rate and cyclic performance. This study provides meaningful guidance for the modification of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and promotes its practical possibility.
•The developed NaFe2PO4(SO4)2 materials are low-cost cathode candidate for sodium-ion batteries.•Its electrochemical properties and electrode kinetics have been significantly improved via Ca2+ ...doping.•The introduction of Ca2+ broadens the diffusion channels of Na+.•GITT and CV tests show that its Na+ diffusivity values are around at 10−12 cm2 s−1.
In recent years, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, a new Na-super-ionic conductor (NASICON) cathode material NaFe2PO4(SO4)2 is successfully prepared through solid state method for SIBs. While the poor electronic conductivity of iron-based materials results in its poor rate and cycle performance. Then the electrochemical is effectively promoting via Ca2+ doping. Na0.84Ca0.08Fe2PO4(SO4)2 have achieved considerable electrochemical properties. The first discharge specific capacity is 121.6 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1 with the voltage platform (∼3.1 V) corresponding to Fe2+/3+. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention is 55.1 %. The excellent electrochemical performance is caused by some Na+ is substituted by Ca2+ and leading to the fast sodium kinetics, which is well proved by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and well corresponding to the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and cyclic voltammetry testing result (the diffusivity values are around at 10−12 cm2 s−1).
Background As two novel adipocytokines, chemerin and apelin play a key role in the pathological process of insulin resistance （IR）, glucose metabolism and obesity, researchers have found that the ...levels of chemerin and apelin changed significantly in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity, however, the underlying mechanism involved remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chemerin and apelin play an important role in the pathophysiologic proceeding of diabetes. Methods This study enrolled 81 newly diagnosed obese type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） patients （T2DM group, n=81）. All the patients were randomly assigned to DM1 group treated with metformin （n=41） and DM2 group treated with pioglitazone （n=40）. After hypoglycemic agents treatment, patients under better blood glucose control were chosen to be given antioxidant treatment. Another 79 subjects without T2DM were recruited as normal control group （NC group）, including 40 subjects （NC1 group） with normal body mass index （BMI） and 39 obese subjects （NC2 group）. Levels of chemerin, apelin, BMI, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, homeostasis model assessment of IR （HOMA-IR） and 8-isoprotaglandim F2α（8-iso-PGF2α） were examined at baseline and post-treatment. The relationship between chemerin, apelin and BMI, TNF-α, HOMA-IR, 8-iso-PGF2α was analyzed. Results The baseline levels of chemerin, apelin, TNF-α, HOMA-IR and 8-iso-PGF2α in T2DM group were significantly higher than normal control group （P 〈0.001）. All indices mentioned above were significantly decreased after treatment （P 〈0.05）. In T2DM patients treated with pioglitazone, indices mentioned above except for HOMA-IR, were decreased significantly compared with patients treated with mefformin （P〈0.05）. After antioxidant treatment using lipoic acid, levels of chemerin, apelin, TNF-α and 8-iso-PGF2α were further significantly decreased （P 〈0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the levels of chemerin and apelin correlated positively with BMI, TNF-α, HOMA-IR and 8-iso-PGF2α before and after treatment with hypoglycemic agents （P〈0.01）. The levels of chemerin and apelin also had positive correlation with TNF-a and 8-iso-PGF2α after antioxidant treatment （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The levels of chemerin and apelin in obese T2DM patients are closely related to IR. The increased levels may be a result of compensatory response to IR, and also may be the causative factor of IR. The levels of chemerin and apelin correlate closely with oxidative stress and inflammation. The two adipokines may be inflammatory factors playing important roles in the initiation and development of obese T2DM. Chemerin and apelin are related to the pathophysiology of IR, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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