Pesticides and organic waste constitute a group of environmental pollutants that are widely distributed in our environment due to various human activities. Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic ...degradation of these pollutants from water have emerged as energy and cost-effective technologies. However, advanced oxidation technologies are gaining attention as an effective method for wastewater treatment capable of degrading a diverse spectrum of organic contaminants. Photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation technology to alleviate water pollution problems. Titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) is the most popular photocatalyst due to its low cost, nontoxicity, high oxidizing abilities, and easy immobilization on various surfaces. The current review aims to highlight recent advancements in photocatalytic degradation of pesticides and major organic pollutants using TiO
2
-based photocatalysts. Indeed, most of the methods, which employed potent catalysts, showed and exhibited successful degradation of the pesticides under various conditions. We believe this topic of research is extremely vital and will continue to grow in recent years, reaching ultimate desirable results and find more applications in different fields of study.
To examine for a legacy effect of early glycemic control on diabetic complications and death.
This cohort study of managed care patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 10 years of survival ...(1997-2013, average follow-up 13.0 years,
= 34,737) examined associations between HbA
<6.5% (<48 mmol/mol), 6.5% to <7.0% (48 to <53 mmol/mol), 7.0% to <8.0% (53 to <64 mmol/mol), 8.0% to <9.0% (64 to <75 mmol/mol), or ≥9.0% (≥75 mmol/mol) for various periods of early exposure (0-1, 0-2, 0-3, 0-4, 0-5, 0-6, and 0-7 years) and incident future microvascular (end-stage renal disease, advanced eye disease, amputation) and macrovascular (stroke, heart disease/failure, vascular disease) events and death, adjusting for demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, and later HbA
.
Compared with HbA
<6.5% (<48 mmol/mol) for the 0-to-1-year early exposure period, HbA
levels ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol) were associated with increased microvascular and macrovascular events (e.g., HbA
6.5% to <7.0% 48 to <53 mmol/mol microvascular: hazard ratio 1.204 95% CI 1.063-1.365), and HbA
levels ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) were associated with increased mortality (e.g., HbA
7.0% to <8.0% 53 to <64 mmol/mol: 1.290 1.104-1.507). Longer periods of exposure to HbA
levels ≥8.0% (≥64 mmol/mol) were associated with increasing microvascular event and mortality risk.
Among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and 10 years of survival, HbA
levels ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol) for the 1st year after diagnosis were associated with worse outcomes. Immediate, intensive treatment for newly diagnosed patients may be necessary to avoid irremediable long-term risk for diabetic complications and mortality.
The last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century has been one of the most challenging periods for the generally accepted assumptions of international law. ...This book, first published in 2006, grapples with these long-held assumptions (such as the consent basis of international law norms, equality of nations, restrictive or text-based treaty interpretations and applications, the monopoly of internal national power, and non-interference), and how they are being fundamentally altered by the forces of globalization. It also examines the challenges facing the WTO as a component of international economic law, and how that field is inextricably linked to general international law.
Students' sense of belonging is known to be strongly associated with academic achievement and a successful life at university. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of belonging, this study ...collected data via the 10 Words Question. Responses from 426 participants were analysed using a sequence of analytic methods including In Vivo coding, systematic coding, clustering, and contingency analysis. The results show that, in addition to academic and social engagement, there are two additional domains of belonging which are often neglected: surroundings and personal space. Surroundings equate to participants' living space, and geographical and cultural location, while personal spaces refer to life satisfaction, life attitudes, identity and personal interests. Both positive and negative data demonstrate the complex and multi-dimensional character of belonging in higher education. The study concludes that policies for student engagement in higher education should reflect all four domains to support the full range of students' experiences.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. ...population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000-2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM
), nitrogen dioxide (NO
), and ozone (O
) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM
(3.2 µg/m
), NO
(11.6 ppb), and warm-season O
(5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM
and NO
were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM
and NO
are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.
Phantom networks are but one of many barriers to realizing access to mental health services. The term phantom networks refers to the misleading practice of listing providers as members of a network ...when they are not actually accepting patients. Inaccurate information on provider availability impedes the implementation of reforms that are designed to improve health insurance coverage of mental health treatment. Some other barriers to improving access to mental health services include low reimbursement rates from Medicaid, hesitancy of psychiatrists and psychologists to participate in networks, and practices of some managed care networks that require prior approval of mental health services such as psychiatric hospitalization. Phantom networks and these other barriers stand in the way of patients finding providers to help them at a time of need for treatment and support.
The rise of big data and AI boosts the development of future wireless networks. However, due to the high cost of data offloading and model training, it is challenging to implement network ...intelligence based on the existing centralized learning strategies, especially at the edge of networks. To provide a feasible solution, a paradigm of federated learning- enabled intelligent F-RANs is proposed, which can take full advantage of fog computing and AI. The fundamental theory with respect to the accuracy loss correction and the model compression is studied, which can provide some insights into the design of federated learning in F-RANs. To support the implementation of federated learning, some key techniques are introduced to fully integrate the communication, computation, and storage capability of F-RANs. Moreover, future trends of federated learning-enabled intelligent F-RANs, such as potential applications and open issues, are discussed.
Omnivores can dampen trophic cascades by feeding at multiple trophic levels, yet few studies have evaluated how intraspecific variation of omnivores influences community structure. The speckled dace ...(
Rhinichthys osculus
) is a common and omnivorous minnow that consumes algae and invertebrates. We studied effects of size and size structure on top-down control by dace and how effects scaled with density. Dace were manipulated in a mesocosm experiment and changes in invertebrate and algal communities and ecosystem function were monitored. Omnivores affected experimental communities via two distinct trophic pathways (benthic and pelagic). In the benthic pathway, dace reduced macroinvertebrate biomass, thereby causing density-mediated indirect effects that led to increased benthic algal biomass. Dace also reduced pelagic predatory macroinvertebrate biomass (hemipterans), thereby increasing the abundance of emerging insects. The effect of dace and hemipterans on emerging insects was mediated by a non-linear response to dace with peak emergence at intermediate dace density. In contrast with recent studies, omnivore size and size structure had no clear effect, indicating that small and large dace in our experiment shared similar functional roles. Our results support that the degree to which omnivores dampen trophic cascades depends on their relative effect on multiple trophic levels, such that the more omnivorous a predator is, the more likely cascades will be dampened. Availability of abundant macroinvertebrates, and the absence of top predators, may have shifted dace diets from primary to secondary consumption, strengthening density-dependent trophic cascades. Both omnivore density and dietary shifts are important factors influencing omnivore-mediated communities.
By exploiting the computing power and local data of distributed clients, federated learning (FL) features ubiquitous properties such as reduction of communication overhead and preserving data ...privacy. In each communication round of FL, the clients update local models based on their own data and upload their local updates via wireless channels. However, latency caused by hundreds to thousands of communication rounds remains a bottleneck in FL. To minimize the training latency, this work provides a multi-armed bandit-based framework for online client scheduling (CS) in FL without knowing wireless channel state information and statistical characteristics of clients. Firstly, we propose a CS algorithm based on the upper confidence bound policy (CS-UCB) for ideal scenarios where local datasets of clients are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and balanced. An upper bound of the expected performance regret of the proposed CS-UCB algorithm is provided, which indicates that the regret grows logarithmically over communication rounds. Then, to address non-ideal scenarios with non-i.i.d. and unbalanced properties of local datasets and varying availability of clients, we further propose a CS algorithm based on the UCB policy and virtual queue technique (CS-UCB-Q). An upper bound is also derived, which shows that the expected performance regret of the proposed CS-UCB-Q algorithm can have a sub-linear growth over communication rounds under certain conditions. Besides, the convergence performance of FL training is also analyzed. Finally, simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Goldman discusses the article by Smith and Sisti which makes a good-faith effort to argue the case for a more inclusive national commission for making and guiding policy on serious mental illness. He ...agrees that a commission has the potential to accomplish this goal, but he thinks their article overlooked some issues in the history of prior efforts. He offers these additions and amendments from his perspective as someone who began his professional career working at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), serving on the work group that developed the National Plan on the Chronically Mentally Ill, a byproduct of the Carter Commission, and who later served as a consultant to the President's New Freedom Commission during the George W. Bush administration.
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