This article presents lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates and comorbidity for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a sample of 428 homeless and runaway adolescents. Data are from baseline ...interviews of a longitudinal diagnostic study of 428 (187 males; 241 females) homeless and runaway adolescents aged 16-19 years (mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.05). The data were collected by full-time street interviewers on the streets and in shelters in eight Midwestern cities of various populations. About one-third (35.5%) of the runaways met lifetime criteria for PTSD and 16.1% met 12-month criteria for the disorder. More than 90% of the adolescents who met criteria for PTSD met criteria for at least one of the other four diagnoses. Multivariate analyses indicated that correlates of PTSD were age of adolescent, being female, having experienced serious physical abuse and/or sexual abuse from an adult caretaker, and having been assaulted or injured by weapon when on the street. The multiplicative interaction between sexual abuse by caretaker and sexual assault when the adolescents were on their own was statistically significant, indicating that rape victims were highly likely to meet criteria for PTSD regardless of early sexual abuse. At very high levels of early sexual abuse, the probability of meeting criteria for PTSD converges with that for sexual assault victims.
This study examined the measurement of depressive symptoms among American Indian adolescents as assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Youth Self Report (YSR), and ...the Tri-Ethnic Center's for Prevention Research Depression Scale (TEDS). This analysis demonstrated that the TEDS had good internal consistency, demonstrated construct validity, and shared a commonality with the other two measures, but had limited predictive validity. The YSR had strong predictive validity but, like the CES-D, showed weakness in construct validity. Unexpectedly, the CES-D and YSR revealed enculturated youth were at risk of depressive symptoms. These findings do not generate unequivocal support for any one measure, but suggest that their strengths and potential shortcomings should be taken into account when assessing depressive symptoms among American Indian youth.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of early family experiences on the mediating role of parents for the grandparent-grandchild relationship. The analysis was based on parents' ...and ninth graders' reports regarding 1,138 grandparents. Panel data were used to reduce method effects attributable to transient mood states. Adolescents' reports of frequency of contact with grandparents and of quality of the grandparent-grandchild relationship, and parents' reports of contemporary parent-grandparent relationship quality and of the parent-grandparent relationship history were used to minimize the potential of single reporter bias. Results indicate that recalled nonoptimal parent-child relationships between parents and grandparents negatively affected the contemporary parent-grandparent relationship and subsequently affected contact and relationship quality for grandchildren and their grandparents.
This study compared multiple attempters, single attempters, ideators and non-suicidal homeless adolescents from the Midwestern United States. The data were collected in 1999-2000 from youths aged ...16-19 years. More than one-quarter (26.7%) of the 405 participants made multiple lifetime attempts, 9.8% attempted suicide once, 48.9% thought about - but did not attempt - suicide and 14.6% never attempted or thought about suicide. Multiple attempters, relative to all other youths, evidenced more family, street, psychological and psychiatric problems. Single attempters reported more suicidal ideation than did ideators, and single attempters endured more family problems and were more likely to meet criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than were non-suicidal participants. Finally, both single attempters and ideators experienced more psychological problems and number of psychiatric diagnoses than did non-suicidal youths.
The Editor on behalf of the Editorial Board of Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies are saddened to note the untimely death of Dr. Kevin Yoder and convey sincere condolences to his family, friends and the academic community where he will be screly missed.
This study uses longitudinal data to examine the potential moderating effects of social support and age among older adults exposed to an acute stressor. Using a sample of 651 older persons, data were ...gathered in the spring of 1992 and in the fall of 1993, approximately 60 days after the peak impact of flooding in the Midwest. Results indicate a positive association between pre- and postflood depression and a negative association between social support and postflood depression. For the youngest of the two older age groups, there is also a positive association between flood exposure and post-flood depression, controlling for prior levels of depression. Age interactions reveal that social support moderates the effects of flood exposure on depression only for the younger age group.
Size-of-place differences in the distribution of psychological distress are examined. Residents in communities of less than 2,500 population are predicted to have higher levels of distress than ...persons living in farm, rural nonfarm, and larger places. A research instrument was designed to measure economic stress, personal resources, and psychological distress in a survey of adult householders in a midwestern state. Results support the interpretation that long-term demographic and social trends had a negative impact upon the psychological well-being of residents in rural communities. Residents of these rural communities have higher levels of distress than persons living on farms or in towns of up to 9,999 population. Levels of psychological distress are not significantly different between persons living in rural communities and those in small cities or urban centers.
A replication & extension of E. M. Rogers's & A. E. Havens's (1960) study of campus prestige & mate selection, examining current patterns & trends in assortive mating. Loglinear models of ...association, based on telephone interviews with 394 undergraduates at Iowa State U (Ames), were used to consider the effects of prestige, sex ratio & propinquity on assortive mating. The tendency to date within group was found to have increased since 1960. After adjusting for the over-time shifts in sex ratio & propinquity, the pattern of assortive mating was found to be most consistent with interpretations of the increasing salience of prestige for assortive mating among college students. 2 Tables, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.
The present study examined associations among dimensions of suicidality and psychopathology in a sample of 428 homeless adolescents (56.3% female). Confirmatory factor analysis results provided ...support for a three-factor model in which suicidality (measured with lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts), internalizing disorders (assessed with lifetime diagnoses of major depressive episode and post-traumatic stress disorder), and externalizing disorders (indicated by lifetime diagnoses of conduct disorder, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse) were positively intercorrelated. The findings illustrate the utility of a dimensional approach that integrates suicidality and psychopathology into one model.
After defining and illustrating the concept of even-handedness, Lorenz et al explore evidence of even-handedness in opinion questions in a Montana mail survey and in recall of recent behavior in Iowa ...telephone interviews.
Loglinear models afford a wide range of tests regarding specific aspects of the association between two ordinal-level variables with identical attributes. This range is considerably broadened when ...orthogonal contrasts are used to trace changes in these aspects over time. Here, descriptions & graphic illustrations are offered of the applications of six common loglinear models to mobility data on US white males obtained from National Election Study surveys 1952-1984. The models are then expanded to examine temporal variations in aspects of the mobility regime captured by the respective models. The analysis shows a significant increase over time in the odds that white males from blue-collar backgrounds attain higher occupational statuses, & indicate that blue-collar workers are more likely to be drawn from lower-status origins during years of economic prosperity, & from higher-status origins at times of economic dearth. 7 Tables, 2 Figures, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.
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