Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) has become an interest over the last few decades, discovering its understanding in anatomy, pathomechanism, biomechanics, and management in treatments. ...Currently, TFCC does not have a golden standard procedure, and not one surgical procedure is superior to the other. This study is to evaluate the comparative outcomes in TFCC patients that underwent either in all-inside arthroscopic suture anchors or the arthroscopic transosseous suture technique.
From 2017 to 2019, 30 patients were analyzed. Eight patients were in an arthroscopic transosseous group and 22 patients were in an all-inside arthroscopic group. Comparison between patients' flexion and extension range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and visual analog pain scale (VAS) preoperative and six-month follow-up were analyzed.
There were significant increases in flexion ROM, extension ROM, and VAS between preoperative and postoperative in all-inside arthroscopic and arthroscopic transosseous. Only the all-inside arthroscopic group had a significant increase in grip strength. Postoperative flexion ROM had a significant difference between all-inside arthroscopic and arthroscopic transosseous.
Both the all-inside arthroscopic suture anchor technique and the arthroscopic transosseous suture technique are appropriate treatments to treat patients with TFCC. Both procedures have achieved the ultimate goal of improved longevity and optimal function.
Level III; retrospective comparative cohort study.
•We analyzed the coacervation of soymilk proteins using SDS–PAGE.•We characterized the PGA-induced coacervation of 7S and 11S proteins.•Daidzein and genistein, 7S and 11S proteins were coacervated by ...PGA.•Daidzein and genistein were bound with the 7S and 11S proteins.
This study investigated the propylene glycol alginate (PGA)-induced coacervation of β-conglycinin (7S), glycinin (11S) and isoflavones in heated soymilk. The addition of 0.9% PGA caused 7S, 11S, daidzein and genistein to coacervate following a 1h incubation period. SDS–PAGE showed that the protein bands corresponding to the 7S α′, 7S α, 7S β, 11S A3, and 11S acidic subunits and the 11S basic proteins in the soymilk supernatant fraction (SSF) decreased to 37.7±12.7%, 24.7±3.9%, 4.9±1.8%, 8.5±2.7%, 18.1±1.8% and 6.0±1.6%, respectively. In addition, isoflavones including daidzein and genistein were also coacervated from the SSF into the soymilk pellet fraction (SPF) following incubation with 0.9% PGA for 1h. The amounts of daidzein and genistein in the SSF decreased to 8.6±1.6% and 2.0±1.0%, respectively. HPLC analysis suggested that daidzein and genistein were bound to the 7S and 11S proteins. These results suggested that daidzein and genistein were co-precipitated with the 7S and 11S proteins into the SPF by 0.9% PGA. Our results demonstrated that PGA is a potent coagulant for the coacervation of 7S, 11S, daidzein and genistein.
Twenty-four secondary metabolites, including 16 isoflavonoids, 7 astragalasides, and 1 benzoquinone, have been isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Astragali radix). Among these ...isolated isoflavonoids, (−)-methylinissolin 3-O-β-d-(6′-acetyl)-glucoside (1), (−)-methylinissolin 3-O-β-d-{6′-(E)-but-2-enoyl}-glucoside (2), and calycosin 7-O-β-d-(6′′-acetyl)-glucoside (3) have been identified as new compounds on the basis of spectroscopic analysis; (−)-methylinissolin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (4) was isolated from the natural products for the first time. The nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity of the major compounds has been assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. To identify A. membranaceus, a fingerprint method was developed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography−evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method. Furthermore, characteristic peaks for the 11 major compounds in the chromatogram were unambiguously confirmed.
The fungus-derived compound cephalochromin, isolated from the fermented broth of Cosmospora vilior YMJ89051501, shows growth-inhibitory and apoptotic activity against human lung cancer A549 cells in ...a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 2.8 μM at 48 h. Cephalochromin induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, Cdk 2, and Cdk 4 expressions. Cephalochromin markedly increased the hypodiploid sub-G1 phase (apoptosis) of the cell cycle at 48 h as measured by flow cytometric analysis. Reactive oxygen species generation and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also markedly induced by cephalochromin. Moreover, the immunoblotting assays showed that cephalochromin reduced survivin and Bcl-xL expression and induced the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, indicating the involvement of a caspase signaling cascade. The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk significantly suppressed cephalochromin-induced apoptosis. Cephalochromin also triggered LC3 II, autophagic marker, expression. Taken together, this is the first report that cephalochromin induced an antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells through mitochondrial disruption and down-regulation of survivin, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, loss of MMP, and subsequently apoptotic cell death.
Drug-induced neuroadaptations within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are thought to underlie the development of cocaine sensitization. Here, we report that repeated cocaine administration in vivo ...impaired the long-term depression (LTD) induced by bath application of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists DCG-IV 2S, 2'R, 3'R)-2-(2', 3'-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine or LY379268 (1R,4R,5S,6R)-4-amino-2-oxabicyclo3.1.0hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid at excitatory synapses onto layer V pyramidal neurons of rat mPFC. In contrast, this impairment was not found in slices from rats treated with saline or a single dose of cocaine. Such effect of cocaine was selectively prevented when cocaine was coadministered with the selective D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390 (R)-(+)-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine. In slices from control rats, a brief application of either protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate or adenosine A3 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5-N-methyluronamide mimicked the effect of repeated cocaine treatment to impair the induction of LTD. Bilateral intra-mPFC infusion of PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I or adenosine A3 receptor antagonist MRS1220 (N-9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)1,2,4-triazolo1,5-cquinazolin-5-benzeneacetamide) before cocaine injection prevented cocaine-induced impairment of LTD induction. Furthermore, endogenous adenosine tone is greater in slices from cocaine-treated rats than from the saline-treated controls. When the metabolism of cAMP to adenosine was blocked, the extent of LTD in slices from saline and cocaine-treated rats was similar. These results suggest that cocaine-induced impairment of group II mGluR-mediated LTD is caused, at least in part, by an increase in adenosine subsequent to the rise in cAMP after D1-like receptor activation, which leads to an adenosine A3 receptor-mediated upregulation of PKC activity and thereby triggers an inhibition of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor function.
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•Biased antagonism can be intricately modulated by minor modifications of the functional moieties.•Binding affinity and functional inhibitory activities can be decoupled.•Slight ...modifications onthe functional groups affect the interaction modes of test compounds.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor and a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Numerous CB1 antagonists have been developed, but their functional selectivities and bias towards G protein or β-arrestin signaling have not been systemically characterized. In this study, we analyzed the binding affinities and downstream signaling of two series of pyrazole derivatives bearing 1-aminopiperidine (Series I) or 4-aminothiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide (Series II) moieties, as well as the well-known CB1 antagonists rimonabant and taranabant. Analyses of the results for the Series I and II derivatives showed that minor structure modifications to their functional groups and especially the incorporation of 1-aminopiperidine or 4-aminothiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide motifs can profoundly affect their bias toward G protein or β-arrestin signaling, and that their binding affinity and functional activity can be disassociated. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the binding modes of Series I and II antagonists differed primarily in that Series I antagonists formed an additional hydrogen bond with the receptor, whereas those in Series II formed a water bridge.
This paper presents a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that utilizes Frank-Wolfe policy optimization to solve Coding- Tree-Unit (CTU) bit allocation for Region-of-Interest (ROI) intra-frame ...coding. Most previous RL-based methods employ the single-critic design, where the rewards for distortion minimization and rate regularization are weighted by an empirically chosen hyper-parameter. Recently, the dual-critic design is proposed to update the actor by alternating the rate and distortion critics. However, its convergence is not guaranteed. To address these issues, we introduce Neural Frank-Wolfe Policy Op-timization (NFWPO) in formulating the CTU-level bit allocation as an action-constrained RL problem. In this new framework, we exploit a rate critic to predict a feasible set of actions. With this feasible set, a distortion critic is invoked to update the actor to maximize the ROI-weighted image quality subject to a rate constraint. Experimental results produced with x265 confirm the superiority of the proposed method to the other baselines.
SRAM-based computing in memory (SRAM-CIM) is an attractive approach to improve the energy efficiency (EF) of edge-AI devices performing multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. SRAM-CIM with a large ...memory capacity enhances EF by reducing data movement between system memory and compute functions. High-precision inputs (IN), weights (W) and outputs (OUT) are essential to deliver sufficient inference accuracy using SRAM-CIM. These devices must also enable a short compute latency (\mathrm{t}_{\text{AC}}) and a high multiply-accumulate throughput (TP) to achieve a fast system-level response time for an inference task. However, previous SRAM-CIMs using voltage-mode in-memory computing (VM-IMC) 1, 3-6 or time-domain near-memory computing (TD-NMC) 2 are unable to simultaneously achieve high EF, high readout accuracy, and a short \mathrm{t}_{\text{AC}} for high-precision MAC operations; as increasing IN-W-OUT precision and/or the number of accumulations (ACCU) leads to (1) an exponential decrease in the signal margin that causes a readout accuracy degradation for VM-IMC schemes, and (2) an increased maximum MAC value (MACV) and memory capacity (increased parasitic load), which increases \mathrm{t}_{\text{AC}} and the energy consumption for VM-IMC and TD-NMC schemes, as Fig. 11.8.1 shows. This work presents a time-domain in-memory-computing SRAM-CI M structure: (1) It uses a time-domain incremental-accumulation (TDIA) scheme to enable MAC operations with a high ACCU and a consistently large signal-margin across MACVs. (2) It also uses a dynamic differential-reference time-to-digital convert er (D2REF-TDC) that is based on a software-hardware co-design, which reduces read energy consumption. A 28nm 1 Mb SRAM-CIM macro fabricated using foundry-provided compact 6T-SRAM cells achieves MAC operations with 64 accumulations of an 8b input and an 8b weight and a near-full precision output (22b). The proposed macro also achieves the shortest reported \mathrm{t}_{\text{AC}} and a 0.3\text{ns}/\mathrm{b} \ \mathrm{t}_{\text{AC}} per output-precision (\mathrm{t}_{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{p}\text{OUT}}) with a 1241.2GOPS TP and a high 37.01TOP/W EF for 8b-MAC operations.
In this paper, a plasma-induced hemi-wicking phenomenon observed on hydrophobic sanded polymer surfaces, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE) is reported. An ...atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet was used to treat a limited area of the carefully sanded polymer surfaces to induce the hemi-wicking phenomenon. Such hemi-wicking triggered by the plasma activation is different from the traditional type, which is achieved purely by the surface topography. Surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact analysis (WCA) show that the combination of sanding and plasma treatment increased the oxygen-to-carbon ratio, which is highly beneficial for surface hydrophilicity. The shear stress tests show that the combination of sanding and plasma treatment can enhance the shear stress by 125%, 95%, and 296% on PP, PET, and PE, respectively. The study shows that the newly developed technique by combining the sanding and plasma processing for polymers could be a potentially useful method in future industry applications.
Accurate analysis at the single-cell level has become a highly attractive tool for investigating cellular content. An electroosmotic-driven microfluidic chip with arrays of 30-μm-diameter microwells ...was developed for single-cell electric lysis in the present study. The cellular occupancy in the microwells when the applied voltage was 5 V (82.4%) was slightly higher than that at an applied voltage of 10 V (81.8%). When the applied voltage was increased to 15 V, the cellular occupancy in the microwells dropped to 64.3%. More than 50% of the occupied microwells contain individual cells. The results of electric lysis experiments at the single-cell level indicate that the cells were gradually lysed as the DC voltage of 30 V was applied; the cell was fully lysed after 25 s. Single-cell electric lysis was demonstrated in the proposed microfluidic chip, which is suitable for high-throughput cell lysis.
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