For firefighters and rescuers, the disaster relief works are difficulty performed in the tunnels because of their constricted space. To reduce the losses of accident, the safety of tunnels and ...factories should be ordinarily kept under surveillance. Hence, a multisensor based smart tracked vehicle is designed for the application of autonomous detection and surveillance in this paper. Besides, multisensors, communication modules, wireless cameras, an electronic compass, and a GPS module are installed in the vehicle. The key feature is the integration of disaster detection and warning systems so that the vehicle can move autonomously. Furthermore, a LabVIEW graphical programming software is applied to design a human machine interface (HMI) and integrate all systems such that the vehicle can be guided by High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSHPA) based remote control. Moreover, basic stamp microcontrollers are utilized as its control kernel such that the remote monitoring and control system (RMCS) can be constructed successfully.
The adsorption and dehydrogenation of water on Fe(111), W@Fe(111), and W2@Fe(111) surfaces have been studied via employing the first-principles calculations method based on the density functional ...theory. The three adsorption sites of the aforesaid surfaces, such as top (T), 3-fold-shallow (S), and 3-fold-deep (D), were considered. The most favorable structure of all OH x (x = 0–2) species on the surfaces of Fe(111), W@Fe(111), and W2@Fe(111) have been thoroughly predicted and discussed. Our calculated results revealed that the adsorbed configurations of FeH2O(T-η1-O)-b, W@FeH2O(T-η1-O)-a, and W2@FeH2O(T-η1-O)-a possess energetically the most stable structure with their corresponding adsorption energies of −8.08, −13.37, and −18.61 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the calculated activation energies for the first dehydrogenation processes (HO-H bond scission) of H2O on Fe(111), W@Fe(111), and W2@Fe(111) surfaces are 24.40, 12.62, and 9.97 kcal/mol, respectively. For second dehydrogenation processes (O–H bond scission), the corresponding activation energies of OH on Fe(111), W@Fe(111), and W2@Fe(111) surfaces are 39.35, 22.69, and 26.24 kcal/mol, respectively. Finally, the entire dehydrogenation courses on the varied Fe(111), W@Fe(111), and W2@Fe(111) surfaces are exothermic by 20.08, 41.35, and 59.30 kcal/mol, respectively. To comprehend the electronic properties of its nature of interaction between the adsorbate and substrate, we calculated the electron localization functions, local density of states, and Bader charges; the results were consistent and explicable.
Abstract The Islands of Calleja are aggregations of granule cells located in the basal forebrain of most vertebrate species. These cellular aggregations are typically classified as consisting of a ...single island, the insula magna located adjacent to the nucleus accumbens, and numerous small islands scattered among the dorsal aspect of the olfactory tubercle. While these structures have been widely described in adult, comparatively little is known about their development. Islands are first identifiable at P2–P4 with formation of the Insula Magna and several small aggregations in the caudolateral aspect of the basal forebrain. The Insula Magna fully forms at approximately P4, with continued formation of the small islands through P10 in a caudal to rostral gradient. Historically, there has been controversy as to whether neurons in the islands are GABAergic, due to limitations in resolving immunolabeling for GABA in the densely packed islands. We investigated the neurochemical identity of island cells by exploiting transgenic reporter mice expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the GAD65 promoter. This demonstrated that the majority of neurons in the Islands of Calleja are GABAergic, primarily utilizing GAD65. Interestingly, several calcium binding protein expressing interneuron classes are present in the postnatal islands, but disappear with maturation. These findings show that the SVZ derived progenitors that migrate to the Islands of Calleja form different lineages to those destined for the olfactory bulbs, despite generation of both populations at the same age/location in the SVZ.
Abstract Background Mesiodens is a common clinical finding among children and has a higher prevalence in Asian populations. The timing of the removal of mesiodens remains controversial. Clinical ...studies comparing early versus late removal are lacking. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency of clinical complications regarding the timing of childhood mesiodens removal and to explore the factors associated with complications following mesiodens removal. Methods In total, 384 Taiwanese children diagnosed with unerupted mesiodens who had attended the Pediatric Dentistry Department, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan from 2005 to 2012 were identified as potential participants. Among these patients, 105 children had received surgical odontectomy of the mesiodens under general anesthesia and had complete longitudinal clinical and radiographic follow-up records, including computed tomography (CT) evaluations; these patients were enrolled. The influence of age, the developmental stage of the adjacent permanent teeth, and the location of the mesiodens were explored regarding complications that were noted at the time of surgery, injury to the adjacent permanent teeth during surgical intervention, and the need for orthodontic treatment after surgery. Results The 105 children enrolled had 145 mesiodens. Removal of the mesiodens before the child was 5 years of age or 1/3 root-completed was associated with fewer complications at the time of surgery and a reduced need for orthodontic treatment after surgery. However, no significant difference was noted between the different groups in terms of surgical injury to the adjacent permanent teeth. Conclusion The early removal of an unerupted mesiodens before the age of 5 years would seem to reduce complications and the need for orthodontic treatment. With the help of general anesthesia and evaluation by CT imaging, concerns regarding the child's cooperation and the possibility of damage to adjacent permanent teeth during early surgical intervention can be minimized.
Astroglia are the most abundant glia cell in the central nervous system, playing essential roles in maintaining homeostasis. Key functions of astroglia include, but are not limited to, ...neurotransmitter recycling, ion buffering, immune modulation, neurotrophin secretion, neuronal synaptogenesis and elimination, and blood-brain barrier maintenance. In neurological diseases, it is well appreciated that astroglia play crucial roles in the disease pathogenesis. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a motor neuron degenerative disease, astroglia in the spinal cord and cortex downregulate essential transporters, among other proteins, that exacerbate disease progression. Spinal cord astroglia undergo dramatic transcriptome dysregulation. However, in the cortex, it has not been well studied what effects glia, especially astroglia, have on upper motor neurons in the pathology of ALS. To begin to shed light on the involvement and dysregulation that astroglia undergo in ALS, we isolated pure grey-matter cortical astroglia and subjected them to microarray analysis. We uncovered a vast number of genes that show dysregulation at end-stage in the ALS mouse model, G93A SOD1. Many of these genes play essential roles in ion homeostasis and the Wnt-signaling pathway. Several of these dysregulated genes are common in ALS spinal cord astroglia, while many of them are unique. This database serves as an approach for understanding the significance of dysfunctional genes and pathways in cortical astroglia in the context of motor neuron disease, as well as determining regional astroglia heterogeneity, and providing insight into ALS pathogenesis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Background General anesthesia (GA) as a pediatric dental procedure is a well-established method of behavior management. However, studies of pediatric dentistry under GA have mostly focused ...on handicapped patients, and various retrospective studies in Taiwan have mainly reviewed only a limited number of years. The purpose of the present study was to report trends in pediatric dental treatment performed under GA over the past 10 years. Methods A retrospective review of the hospital records of patients receiving dental treatment under GA from 2006 until 2015 was performed. The patients were divided into three age groups: < 3 years, 3–6 years, and > 6 years. A range of information including basic patient characteristics and types of dental treatment was identified and then analyzed. Results A total of 791 cases (< 3 years old: 65 cases, 3–6 years old: 492, > 6 years old: 235; 549 male, 242 female) were treated under GA. The case number was found to have increased from 94 during 2006–2007 to 238 during 2014–2015, with the increase being especially pronounced among those aged 3–6 years (2006–2007: 49, 2014–2015: 165). The most common treatments (extraction, restoration, and pulp therapy) were associated with multiple dental caries (684, 86.4%). The < 3-years-old group was characterized by the highest decayed, extracted, and filled surface and decayed, missing, and filled surface indices; the highest mean number of treated teeth; and the highest mean number of treated teeth by composite resin fillings. The 3–6-years-old group had the highest number of primary teeth extractions. The > 6-years-old group had the lowest mean number of treated teeth by stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) and fewest cases treated with pulp therapy. From 2011 onwards, the number of primary tooth extractions significantly increased, while in 2013, there was a crossover whereby the SSC count surpassed the composite resin filling count. Conclusion Over the past 10 years, there has been an increased use of GA for pediatric dental treatments, in particular, in cases with multiple dental caries. In addition, there has also been an increasing trend towards extraction of primary teeth and the use of SSCs.
This paper presents a quick monitor method to measure micro height variations directly. Here we apply optical moiré technology with a program designed by ourselves to Traditional Chinese Medical ...Pulse diagnosis. We analyze the moiré pattern which records the information of pulse, and then examine the conditions of pulse, the conditions of pulse including the location of pulse (by image processing the moiré pattern), the rhythm of pulse (via the frequency), the shape of pulse (via moiré pattern) and the strength of pulse (via amplitude intensity). Therefore, we can quantify the conditions of pulse by the system.
This paper presents the design of three millimeter-wave and terahertz signal sources that demonstrates the feasibility of high performance signal source implemented in CMOS. A triple-push oscillator ...consisted of two antiparallel LC ring oscillators is presented with a low phase noise of −88 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset and a peak output power of −6 dBm at 210 GHz in a 90-nm CMOS process. An injection locked quadruple-push oscillator is then presented with a simulated output power of −16.3 dBm at 336 GHz and phase noise of −88 dBc/Hz at fundamental frequency in a 90-nm CMOS process. Lastly, a 330-GHz subharmonic injection locked frequency synthesizer is proposed. The core oscillator is based on the triple-push architecture. The frequency synthesizer achieves a simulated locking range of 5 GHz at 330 GHz with an output power of −8.6 dBm in a 40-nm CMOS process.
Ultrasonic harmonic imaging provides superior image quality than linear imaging and has become an important diagnostic tool in many clinical applications. Nevertheless, the contrast-to-tissue ratio ...(CTR) in harmonic imaging is generally limited by tissue background signal comprising both the leakage harmonic signal and the tissue harmonic signal. Harmonic leakage generally occurs when a wideband transmit pulse is used for better axial resolution. In addition, generation of tissue harmonic signal during acoustic propagation also decreases the CTR. In this paper, suppression of tissue background signal in harmonic imaging is studied by selecting an optimal phase of the transmit signal to achieve destructive cancellation between the tissue harmonic signal and the leakage harmonic signal. With the optimal suppression phase, our results indicate that the tissue signal can be significantly reduced at second harmonic band, whereas the harmonic amplitude from contrast agents shows negligible change with the selection of transmit phase. Consequently, about 5-dB CTR improvement can be achieved from effective reduction of tissue background amplitude in optimal transmit phasing.
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