Heat stress has emerged as a serious threat to the global poultry industry due to climate change. Heat stress can negatively impact the growth, gut health, immune function, and production and ...reproductive performances of poultry. Different strategies have been explored to mitigate heat stress in poultry; however, only a few have shown potential. Probiotics are gaining the attention of poultry nutritionists, as they are capable of improving the physiology, gut health, and immune system of poultry under heat stress. Therefore, application of probiotics along with proper management are considered to potentially help negate some of the negative impacts of heat stress on poultry. This review presents scientific insight into the impact of heat stress on poultry health and growth performance as well as the application of probiotics as a promising approach to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress in poultry.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection is the most powerful prognostic tool for monitoring treatment efficacy and ...predicting clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify key leukemia‐associated markers, the proportions of differential expression in patients, and the most effective marker combination for MRD detection by flow cytometry.
Methods
Bone marrow samples were collected from 132 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed (n = 115) or relapsed (n = 17) B‐cell precursor (BCP)‐ALL. We used CD19, CD10, CD34, CD45 as backbone markers to identify immature B cells and analyzed the differential expression of 18 leukemia‐associated markers using seven‐color multiparameter flow cytometry.
Results
Leukemic cells in all 132 patients expressed leukemia‐associated markers. The most commonly overexpressed marker was heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) (108 patients, 81%), followed by CD73 (102 patients, 77%) and CD123 (80 patients, 60%). CD38 was underexpressed in 64 patients (48%). Hsp27 overexpression persisted in 50 out of 57 follow‐up MRD bone marrow samples (87%) and was associated with older age at diagnosis. Hsp27 overexpression was not associated with MRD levels or genetic abnormalities including hyperdiploidy, t(12;21)/ETV6‐RUNX1, t(1;19)/TCF3‐PBX1, t(9;22)/BCR‐ABL1, or 11q23/KMT2A rearrangements. Four remaining leukemia‐associated markers (Hsp27, CD73, CD58, CD24) after in silico deletion from the original panel could collectively detect leukemia‐associated cell profiles in 100% of cases in this cohort and 98% of cases in a validation cohort.
Conclusion
Hsp27 combined with CD73, CD58, CD24, and backbone markers allows monitoring MRD in virtually all patients with BCP‐ALL.
Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae types not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has increased, including a penicillin- and ...meropenem-resistant serotype 15A-ST63 clone in Japan. During 2013–2017, we collected 206 invasive pneumococcal isolates in Taiwan for penicillin and meropenem susceptibility testing. We found serotypes 15B/C-ST83 and 15A-ST63 were the most prevalent penicillin- and meropenem-resistant clones. A transformation study confirmed that penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2b was the primary meropenem resistance determinant, and PBP1a was essential for high-level resistance. The rate of serotype 15B/C-ST83 increased during the study. All 15B/C-ST83 isolates showed an ermB macrolide resistance genotype. Prediction analysis of recombination sites revealed 12 recombination regions in 15B/C-ST83 compared with the S. pneumoniae Spain23F-ST81 genome. Pneumococcal clones rapidly recombine to acquire survival advantages and undergo local expansion under the selective pressure exerted by vaccines and antimicrobial drugs. The spread of 15B/C-ST83 is alarming for countries with high antimicrobial pressure.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of various concentrations of
-fermented products (BLFP) on the growth and productivity of laying ducks (
) subjected to heat stress during eight ...weeks of a feeding trial. A total of 150 one-day-old Brown Tsaiya ducks of both sexes were divided into five groups, with each group having three replicates and 10 ducks each for evaluation of growth performance. The treatment groups received dietary supplements of BLFP at levels of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, along with a group receiving flavomycin (F) at 5 ppm, all over a 24-week period. The fermentation process in this study utilized a
strain (ATCC 12713) for the production of the spores through solid-state fermentation. The control group was given a basal diet consisting of yellow corn and soybean meal. The results showed that as compared to the flavomycin group, ducks in the 0.3% BLFP group had significantly higher body weights and better feed conversion rates. In addition, during the three weeks, the BLFP group showed higher feed consumption as compared to the control group. The jejunum villi length was significantly increased in the 0.2% BLPF group as compared to the control and flavomycin groups. This study also found that the flavomycin group had a significantly higher egg conversion rate, while the 0.1-0.3% BLFP groups had improved feed intake and the 0.3% group had significantly enhanced egg yolk color. Additionally, the 0.2% BLFP group showed substantial decreases in IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in the liver as well as an uptick in the tight junction protein Occludin gene expression in the colon when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the expression of the heat shock protein 70 in the gut upregulated in the 0.1% and 0.2% BLFP groups. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that dietary supplementation of 0.2% BLFP is an ideal concentration to increase gut morphology, alleviate inflammatory response, and promote gut integrity in heat-stressed laying ducks.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
This study analyzed data from two consecutive protocols for children newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to determine the clinical impact of minimal/measurable residual ...disease (MRD) and recently identified tumor genetic subtypes.
Methods
Genetic subtypes were determined by sequential approaches including DNA indexing, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, and RNA‐sequencing. MRD was assessed by flow cytometry. The Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group TPOG‐ALL‐2013 study enrolled patients who received MRD‐directed therapy.
Results
The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival rates in the 2013 cohort were 77.8% and 86.9% compared to those of the 2002 cohort, which were 62.4% and 76.5%. Among patients treated with MRD‐guided therapy, those with ETV6‐RUNX1 fusion and high hyperdiploidy had the highest 5‐year EFS (91.4% and 89.6%, respectively). The addition of dasatinib improved outcomes in patients with BCR‐ABL1 ALL. Recently identified subtypes like DUX4‐rearranged, ZNF384‐rearranged, MEF2D‐rearranged, and PAX5alt subtypes were frequently positive for MRD after remission induction, and these patients consequently received intensified chemotherapy. Treatment intensification according to the MRD improved the outcomes of patients presenting DUX4 rearrangements. In high‐risk or very‐high‐risk subtypes, the TPOG‐ALL‐2013 regimen did not confer significant improvements compared to TPOG‐ALL‐2002, and the outcomes of BCR‐ABL1‐like, MEF2D‐rearranged, and KMT2A‐rearranged ALL subtypes (in addition to those of T‐cell ALL) were not sufficiently good. Novel agents or approaches are needed to improve the outcomes for these patients.
Conclusions
The TPOG‐ALL‐2013 study yielded outcomes superior to those of patients treated in the preceding TPOG‐ALL‐2002 study. This study provides important data to inform the design of future clinical trials in Taiwan.
Plain language summary
MRD‐directed therapy improved the outcomes for pediatric ALL, especially standard‐risk patients.
Genomic analyses and MRD might be used together for risk‐directed therapy of childhood ALL.
Our work provides important data to inform the design of future clinical trials in Taiwan
Genomic analyses and minimal/measurable residual disease together might be the best fit for risk‐directed therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia to improve outcomes.
Simple Summary: We described the existence of an integrated Beclin 1, TLR9, and SIRT3 network involving autophagy, oxidative stress, and mitochondria that is essential for empagliflozin to protect ...against doxorubicin toxicity in the heart. Empagliflozin treatment increases the abundance of mitochondrial SIRT3 and enhances the activation of TLR9 to bind with Beclin 1, triggering communication to the autophagic, immune system, and inflammatory machinery. From a therapeutic standpoint, SIRT3 loss-of-function variant DCM patients lose the empagliflozin-protective effects, since SIRT3 is implicated in modern world diseases, such as aging, circadian disturbance, and obesity.
Although the association between poor sleep quality and frailty has been previously reported, the relationship between sleep health and intrinsic capacity (IC) remains largely unknown. We aimed to ...examine the association between sleep health and IC among older adults. This was a cross-sectional study, and 1268 eligible participants completed a questionnaire collecting information on demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, sleep health, and IC. Sleep health was measured by the RU-SATED V2.0 scale. High, moderate, and low levels of IC were defined using the Integrated Care for Older People Screening Tool for Taiwanese. The ordinal logistic regression model estimated the odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Low IC was significantly associated with age of 80 years or above, female, currently unmarried, uneducated, currently not working, financially dependent, and having emotional disorders. A one-point increase in sleep health was significantly associated with a 9% reduction in the odds of poor IC. An increase in daytime alertness was related to the greatest reduction in poor IC (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52–0.79). In addition, the subitems sleep regularity (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.99), sleep timing (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.99), and sleep duration (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61–0.96) were associated with a reduced OR of poor IC but with marginal statistical significance. Our findings showed that sleep health across multiple dimensions is related to IC, particularly daytime alertness in older adults. We suggest developing interventions to improve sleep health and prevent IC decline, which is crucial in causing poor health outcomes.
•We identified the relationship between multiple dimensions of sleep health and intrinsic capacity (IC) in older people.•Better sleep was related to a reduction in poor IC among older people.•Improved daytime alertness was associated with a greater reduction in IC among older people.
Background Although female pattern hair loss (FPHL) has been considered simply the female counterpart of male pattern hair loss in men, the risk factors may differ. Objective We sought to evaluate ...factors associated with FPHL and to estimate its prevalence in women. Method In total, 26,226 subjects aged 30 years and older participated in a cross-sectional survey. Ludwig and Norwood classifications were used to assess the degree of hair loss. Information on possible risk factors for FPHL was collected using a questionnaire interview. Results The prevalence of FPHL (Ludwig grade >I) for all ages was 11.8% (95% CI 11.5%-12.2%), increasing with advancing age. After controlling for age and family history, statistically significant associations were noted between FPHL and high fasting glucose (odds ratio OR 1.15, 95% confidence interval CI 1.04-1.28), fewer childbirths (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.38), breast-feeding (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-0.98), oral contraceptive use (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45), and ultraviolet exposure more than 16 hours per week (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22). Limitations The validity and reliability of FPHL classification may be not perfect in this survey and may need to be verified. Information on family history may be still subject to recall bias. Conclusions Risk factors for FPHL and male androgenic alopecia may differ.
The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the concept of intrinsic capacity (comprising composite physical and mental capacity) which aligns with their concepts of healthy aging and functional ...ability. Consequently, the WHO promotes the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) framework as guidance for geriatric care. Consequently, each government should have a screening tool corresponding to ICOPE framework to promote geriatric care. The present study examined the initial psychometric properties of the Taiwan version of ICOPE (i.e., ICOPES-TW).
Older people (n = 1235; mean age = 72.63 years; 634 females 51.3%) were approached by well-trained interviewers for participation. A number of measures were administered including the ICOPES-TW, WHOQOL-AGE (assessing quality of life QoL), Clinical Frailty Scale (assessing frailty), Barthel Index (assessing basic activity of daily living BADL), and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (assessing instrumental activity of daily living IADL).
The ICOPES-TW had a two-factor structure (body functionality eigenvalue = 1.932 and life adaptation eigenvalue = 1.170) as indicated by the results of exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency of the ICOPES-TW was low (Cronbach's α = 0.55 entire ICOPES-TW, 0.45 (body functionality factor), and 0.52 (life adaptation factor). ICOPES-TW scores were significantly (i) positively correlated with age (r = 0.321), IADL (r = 0.313), and frailty (r = 0.601), and (ii) negatively correlated with QoL (r=-0.447), and BADL (r=-0.447), with all p-values < 0.001.
The ICOPES-TW could be a useful screening tool for healthcare providers to quickly evaluate intrinsic capacity for Taiwanese older people given that it has moderate to strong associations with age, BADL, IADL, QoL, and frailty.
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