Considering the huge power consumption, rapid response and the short-term heat reserving capacity of the air conditioning load in the building’s energy system, the air conditioning load and its ...system can be equivalent to the virtual energy storage device for the power grid. Therefore, to obtain a high matching building renewable energy system, a virtual energy storage system of the air conditioning load, accompanied by a storage battery, was built in the paper. Then, operating strategies for the virtual energy storage of the air conditioning load and storage battery were designed. Further, to quantize the contribution of the virtual energy storage to the improvement of matching characteristics, two indicators of the demand side and supply side in the energy system were adopted, including on-site energy fraction (OEFr) and on-site energy matching (OEMr). Lastly, matching characteristic research of the building’s renewable energy system based on virtual energy storage of the air conditioning load was established and analyzed by TRNSYS and MATLAB in Tianjin, China. The results revealed that a better matching characteristic performance of the building’s renewable energy systems driven by virtual energy storage was obtained. In the condition set out in the paper, compared with that without virtual energy storage, the average values of OEFr and OEMr after virtual energy storage were 0.66 and 0.77, which increased by 8.19% and 8.45% respectively. Simultaneously, the battery operation performance in the building renewable system was improved when the virtual energy storage was working. The times of charge and discharge cycles decreased after virtual energy storage, and the depth of discharge of the battery reduced by 23.37% on a specific day.
This paper studies the influence of different piloti rates (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) on outdoor wind comfort for three building groups, i.e., determinant type, point type, and enclosure type. ...LES (Large Eddy Simulation) is used to simulate the wind environment of three clusters at six different piloti rates. This paper mainly studies the effect of piloti rate on wind speed at pedestrian level (1.5 m). The outdoor wind environment was analyzed using the average wind speed ratio, and outdoor wind comfort was evaluated using the comfortable wind ratio. The following results were obtained: (1) The piloti setting has little influence on the overall wind speed in the target area, and even an inappropriate piloti rate setting may reduce the overall average wind speed in the target area. (2) A comprehensive comparison of the three building layouts shows that the comfortable wind ratio of the determinant layout is the highest when the piloti ratio is 80%. The results of this study can provide architects and urban planners with reference for piloti and urban layout settings.
Energy Internet (EI) is an emerging discipline that integrates cooling, heating, power and gas in physical, information and value flows, so it has a very distinctive interdisciplinary feature. The ...current situation of EI needs to be sorted out and summarized in time, so as to provide a reference for its future development. To some extent, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) reflects the research focus and trend of EI in China. Therefore, this paper tries to analyse the programs of EI from the perspective of NSFC, the results revealed that 1) EI becomes a research hot point of combined cooling, heating and power instead of electricity only after micro grid and smart grid. Also, this is one of the reasons that researches on EI mostly focus on the electrical science and engineering currently; 2) One of the purposes for EI is to solve the problem of abandoning wind and light energy;3) The number of NSFC supporting programs involving the topics of EI, multi-energy complementarity and integrated energy system accounts for 43% of 124 EI-related funds totally; 4) The distribution of the NSFC supporting programs about EI reveals the crossing and integration of multiple disciplines, such as electronics and information systems, computer science, automation, management science and engineering, mathematics.
With the development of smart power systems, it has become possible to adjust the operating status of aggregated air conditioning loads (ACLs) to make them trace the commands for distributed energy ...sources consumption. However, inevitable communication delay causes conspicuous control error. On the basis of analyzing control error of ACLs caused by communication delay, this paper proposes a communication delay compensation method based on network predictive control system. Then, aggregated ACLs are applied to consume the distributed energy sources in a microgrid, and several simulations demonstrate the compensation method proposed in this paper. The simulation results show that this method can diminish the control error caused by random communication delay to a large extent.
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